iS tt re
¥ * f)
F -
FLORA INDICA; /532.-
OR,
_-DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIAN PLANTS.
BY THE LATE 3 |
WILLIAM ROXBURGH, M.D. F.R.S.E.
____ eve. ere.
2 Nee eons
VOL. I. a
SERAMPORE: |
PRINTED FOR W. THACKER AND CoO, CALCUTTA,
AND
PARBURY, ALLEN AND CO, LONDON,
1832.
Me. Bot. Gardery
CONTENTS.
CLASS V.
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA ee cas fen es es ath
——~———_ DIGYNIA 0. see ove cae cae tee nee
ere PRIGNNIA ca ice Ses «nen Sha, ei oe ta
PENTAGENIA oi: +s: poleeeeee — iin, pees
-
er
CLASS VI.
HESANDRIA MONOGYNIA b.60 es a as
DIGYNIA ... Set ess ces eee see ose tee
ARE Ns ea Sa ees oe oe
HEXAGYNIA see see wee nee eee eee wee
CLASS VIL. .
SUAMORTA MONOGYNIA —§ 2s. os ecu. tps nee sts ts
CLASS VIII,
OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA== 4, 5- s .ti‘ , le
TRIGWNIA ss: $i ee sks nce aes
SS rane TETRAGYNIA ore ete Bes eee eee eee eee
CLASS IX.
ENNEANDRIA MONOGYNIA $00 egern eee 2 ee iees
SERRA AGUNIA e360 ves. eae: age cee tee
217
CONTENTS, vi
CLASS X.
CDRA MONCGYNIA OS on. i ae ee
DIGYMEA Nis SS Skee ee = ee
TMIGE NIA. 500 cos oes ve eee
PEN TAGNIGR pi etc nes ce 0
re rr hh ... Ciw«w“a“assCw“s 458
CLASS XI.
DODECANDRIA MONOGYNIA «ww wee ee
se Wheeits — =
CLASS XIL.
TOOBANDRIA MONOGYNIA 1. -1- oe. see nee wee ne aes 47S
! PU ie an as
PENTAGYNIA tee ese a eee ee
————--tlt, POLYGYNIA =~ 3. OSS Oo
___ CLASS XIII. .
FOLYANDRIA NONOEYNIZ
wa“:
sa f+ nce ORS tiara a easiest
St PEGE NEE SSG
g #23
FLORA INDICA.
CLASS V.
.
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
VINKA, Schreb. gen. N. 419.
Corol funnel-shaped. Follicles two, erect. Seeds nak-
ed. Embryo inverse, and furnished with a perisperm.
1. V. rosea, Willd. i. 1233.
fcrenniel o erect, _ _Tamous. Flowers in pairs, sessile. =
Hind. Gool-fering:
Obs. Both the red and white varieties are common in
gardens over India, and in flower great part of the year.
I have never found it in its native state.
2. V. parviflora, Willd, i. 1234. Retz. Obs. ii. N. 33.
Annual. Leaves lanceolate ; flowers in pairs. Mouth.
of the tube contracted, and shot with hairs.
Cupa-veela, Rheed. Mal. ix. t. 33.
Vinka pulsilla, Linn. suppl. 166. :
A small, erect, annual, ramous plant ; a native of open,
fertile, cultivated lands. Flowers during the wet season,
Stem erect, smooth, branchy, four-sided; angles acute,
from six to twelve inches high. Leaves opposite, short«
petioled, lanceolate, entire, smooth ; about two inches and :
a half long,and three-fourths of an inch broad. Sti sles
subulate. Flowers axillary, in pairs, small, white, short.
ad a‘ 1 nage
a PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Nerium.
peduncled.—Corol, mouth of the tube contracted, and shut
with hair.— Nectarial corpuscles as in the family.
NERIUM, Schreb. gen. N, 420.
Corol funnel-shaped ; ‘wiouth® of the tube variously
crowned. Germ two-celled ; cells many-seeded, epitach
ment intetior. Follicles two. Seeds many, comose. -
bryo inverse, (sub-convolute, or expanded.)
4. N.odorum, Willd. i. 1235.
Leaves linear-lanceolate, tern. Segments of the calyx
erect. Nectaries many-cleft, divisions filiform.
Sung. Karavira, vide Asiat. Researches, iv. 265.
Beng. Kurubee, Rukta Kurubee (the red variety),
Sweta Kurubee (the white variety), Pudma Kurubee the
double variety).
Hind. Lall-Karpud, (the single rés6-colounane
or shwet Karpud (single white), Padmu-Karpud (the
double variety.)
Belutta-areli, Rheed. Mal. ix. ¢. 2.
Tsjovanna-areli, Rheed. Mal. ix. t. 1.
Common in gardens in overy parle of agin, and in flow~
er the whole emt, | ae
2.N. coccincéum, R. ;
_Arboreous. Leaves siieebaeil, ovate-oblong, entire,
apex alternate. Flowers terminal, three or four : ; necta-
rium acetabuliform. Follicles linear, rough.
_ Pullum, the vernacular name in Silhet.
A native of the eastern frontier of Bengal, beyond the
mouth of the Megna, from thence introduced by R. K-
Dick, Esq. into the botanic garden at Calcutta, where it
_ Blossoms in April. In its native soil it grows to bea large
Nerium, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAz 3
timber tree ; the wood white, remarkably light, but firm,
and much used by Turners to make palkees; &c, where:
light, strong wood is required.
Stem (in plants six or seven years old) short, but-
stfaight, and to the base decorated with numerous patent
branches and branchlets. Bark of the ligneous parts ash-
coloured. and smooth ; whole height from six to ten feet.
escent. Leaves opposite, very short-petioled, bifa-
rious, ovate-oblong, entire, long, taper-pointed, smooth on:
both sides, dark green, from two to six inches long, and
from one to two and a half broad Stipules, some short
bristles in the axil of theleaves. Flowers terminal, soli-
tary, tern, twice tern, or more, with one in the forks,’
short-peduncled, and pedicelled, large, of a deep, but ra~
ther dull red. Bractes opposite, lanceolate, waved.
Calysx divided to the base into five, nearly equal, sub-_
cordate, smooth | segments, with somewhat waved mar=
gins. Coral. Tube very short, fleshy, sub-campanulate.-
Border divided into five, obliquely-obovate, thick, tough
segments, soon after expansion they become revolute,
Nectarium five-lobed ; crimson-coloured; lobes with
rounded, somewhat crenulate margins and firmly unit--
ed to the base of the segments of the corol. Filaments
very short and thick, inserted on the mouth of the tube
of the corol, within the neetary. Anthers sagittate, united;
and forming a conic dome over the stigma. Germ two-
lobed ; each lobe one-celled, with numerous seeds at=
tached to the incurved margins of the suture on the in
side. Style cylindric. Stigma with two-lobed apex.
Follicies two, linear, about as thick as the little finger;
and nearly twelve inches long, olive-coloured, but ren-
dered rough with elevated white specks. Seeds numer-
ous, imbricated, linear-lanceelar, with very ample coma,
pointing to the base of the follicle. Integuments two, —
ane exterior ‘one rather thick; the interior onea thin
e adhering to the embryo. Perisperm none.
A2
4 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Nerium.
Embryo inverse ; cotyledons triangularly convolute. Ra-
dicle cylindric, superior (pointing from the coma to the
apex of the follicle.) The whole almost exactly as in
Gaertner’s Nerium Zeylanicum, 2. p. 172 t, 117.
3. N. dinctorum, R. Stic. eas
_ Arboreous. Leaves opposite, ovate-oblong. Panicles
terminal. Follicles pendulous, very long, united at the ©
apex. i igtegy
Nerium indicum, &c. Burm. Zeyl. 167. t.'77
Telinga. Chite-ancalloo. ;
A middling-sized tree, agreeing perfectly in its botani-
cal character with Nerium of the Linnean sexual system,
and from the quality of its leaves I have called it (Neri-
um) tinctorium. Dyer’s rose bay, for to me it seems a
new species ; at least itis not taken notice of by Linne«
=
hs
us, nor by his son in his last Botanical publication, ‘the -
Supplementum Plantarum published in 1781. It comes
-Conessi bark ofour Materia Medica, Cadaga-pala of the
Hortus Malabaricus, Pala Cadija of the Telingas. They
are both natives of the lower region of those mountains
which bound the Rajamundry Circaron the north side, and
are so much alike in most respects, (the Nectarium ex-
cepted) that without a tolerable knowledge of both, the
one may be mistaken for the other ; and I have no doubt
but the bark of the Nerium may have been gathered and
sold for Conessi bark to which I attribute the disrepute
that has fallen upon Conessi bark in Europe ; for with the
natives of most parts of India it is deemed a specific in
OES.
most complaints of the bowels. And I am inclined to :
think it deserves a better name than it has hitherto ac«
quired amongst Europeans, one
Trunk very irregular in shape, when very old it is
from one and a half to two feet in diameter, but when of
that size, it is full of large, rotten cayities ; its height to
Nerium. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 5
the branches when large, is from ten to fifteen feet ; the
bark of the old wood is scarbous, of the young pretty
smooth, and ash-coloured. Wood remarkably white,
_ close-grained, very beautiful, coming nearer to Ivory in
- appearance than any other Iknow. Branches irregular-
ly disposed, being bent in various directions; small
branches opposite. Leaves numerous, opposite, short-
petioled, oval-pointed, pretty smooth, entire, pale green ;
when full grown from six to ten inches long, and from
three to four broad. Stipules none. Flowers about an
inch and a half in diameter, when fully expanded per-
. fectly white, fragrant, disposed on lax globular panicles
at the extremities of the branches. Bractes a small oval
one below each sub-divisions of the panicle. Calyx di-
vided into five equal semi-orbicular, permanent segments.
Corol one-petalled. | Tube short, somewhat gibbous.
Ks Border large, dlivided into five, oblique, linear-oblong, —
‘arium many ramous, white fi-
laments crowning the mouth of the tube of the corol, (no
nectary in the Conessi bark tree). Filaments five, very
short, rigid, inserted just within the mouth of the tube,
and within the nectarium. Anthers arrow-shaped, rigid.
united to one another laterally, forming a very firm, co-
nical cover for the stigma, their lower parts inwardly are
covered with fine white hairs. Germ two, seemingly
united. Style the length of the tube. Stigma, double, co-
vered with transparent gluten, by which it adheres to the
inside of the anthers. Folliclestwo, very long, slender,
pendulous, united at both ends singly, they are from
_twelve to twenty inches long ; and about as thick asa
common pencil. Seeds numerous, long, slender, crown.
ed with down, like the seed of the common thistle. Em-
bryo inverse, without perisperm, and the cotyledons roll-
ed up in a compound manner. between involute and con
a =
- Obs. This tree as I observed before, is a native o Khe
6 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Nerium.
hills and lower regions of the mountains directly north
from Coringa_ in the Rajamundry Circar, and delights
most in the south or sunny side of these hills and moun-
tains. lam informed that it also grows in great plenty
over the Carnatic, and in every part of the Circars.
where there are hills or mountains, being an extent of
above one thousand miles in iar oud. of breadth un-
certain.
It contains a milky juice, chiefly in the ronda tending,
and young leaves, which flows freely on being wounded:
The natives make scarcely any use of it, except for fire-
wood ; and the more it is cut down, the more it increases :
_ many shoots issuing from the old stumps, these in one
year acquire various heights, from one to ten feet, accord-
ing to the nature of the soil, &c. and are thick in proporti-
on. It casts its leaves during the cold season ; about the
beginning of the hot season in March and the beginning
of April, the young leaves begin to make their appear-
ance, together with the flowers ; by the end of the month —
(April,) those that first began to be unfolded, will have
attained to their full size. This I have found to be the pro-
per time to begin to gather the leaves, and make the indi-
go, about this time also it ceases flowering, and the seed
vessels are fully formed, but the seeds are not ripe until
January or February.
The colour the leaves acquired in drying for my Hor.
tus siccus, particularly if they chanced to be bruised,
first induced me to think they possessed colouring mat—_
my “expeUEGOn although T have been often deceived
by the same appearances in the leaves of other plants.
For an account of the method of making the indigo, see
Separate treatise. ;
4. N. tomentosum, R. | ope
_ aArboreous, Leaves ih pointed, dew Nec
Nerium. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 7
of fleshy lacerated glands, on the mouth of the tube. An<
thers without threads. Follicles divaricate, sub-cylindric.
Nelam-pala, Rheed. Mal. ix. t.3 and 4..
Telinga. Poota-jeeleroo.
A small tree ; a native of the mountainous parts of the -
Circars ; flowers during the hot season. Bark rust-colour-
ed, with small scabrous, light-coloured specks; the *
young shoots very downy. Every part of the plant dis.
charges a yellow, milky juice on being wounded.
Leaves opposite, short-petioled, oval, pointed, both
sides downy, from two to three inches long, and one and
a half, or two broad. Stipules none. Panicles corymbi-
form, terminal, small. Bractes minute, caducous. Flow-
ers pretty large, white; nectary orange-coloured. Calyx,
the segments are ovate and obtuse. Corol. Tube gib-
bous, firm, somewhat fleshy. Nectary fleshy,andlacera-
ted into obtuse, fleshy segments. Anthers arrow-shaped,
ng ; they terminate in a sharp rigid point with-
out any threat Follicles about eight or nine inches
long, and two in circumference, scabrous.
_ Obs. With the yellow juice which flows from the wound-
ed plant, diluted with water, bits of cotton cloth were
died a pretty good yellow, which still continues bright
as at first, now two years.—Seeds numerous, oblong: com-
pressed. Coma pure white and delicately fine. tateqemeet
and embryo, as in ibiaseiaie
: dD. N. vain R. :
Leaves oblong entire, lucid. Panicles terminal ek.
ate shorter than the leaves. Flowerssalver shaped, Nec-
taries bifid, and villous. Follicles oblong, obtuse, smooth,
buffed.
Echaulut or Echalut the vernacular about Silhet.
An extensive, perennial woody climber, a native of
_Silhet in Bengal; flowering in May and June seed ripe in
January. Its bark, contains a quantity of fibrous 1 ina tte
~ *
8 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.- Nerium,
which the natives of the country where the plant grows,
use as a substitute for hemp. In steeping some of the
young shoots in a fish pond in order to accelerate the
removal of the bark, and cleaning the fibres, many, if
not the whole of the fish were killed, hence the specific
name. . ; .
* Stem and larger branches ligneous, and ramble to a vast
extent. Young shoots long, round and smooth. Leaves
opposite, short-petioled, oblong, taper-obtuse jointed,
entire, firm and lucid; about six inches long, by two
broad. Panicles terminal, sub-globular ; composed of a
few pairs of brachiate, short, few-flowered branches ; all
are round andsmooth. Flowers many, large, pale yellow
Salver-shaped. Bractes oblong, rather obtuse, and small.
Calyx five-leaved. Leaflets ovate smooth. Tube of the
corol larger than the five obliquely trapiziform segments
of its border, gibbous in the middle where the stamina are
lodged. Nectarium consists of five bifid, villous seg-
ments, rising from the five fissures of the border of the co-
rol, round the mouth of its tube. Germ two-lobed, two-
celled, with numerous ovula in each, attached to an eleva<
tion down the centre of the partition. Style scarce half the
length of the tube. Stigma large, with contracted bifid
apex. Follicles ovate-oblong, while fresh very large, by
being much inflated or puffed, smooth, obtuse, greenish
yellow when ripe. Seed many, thin, oval, with broad
membranaceous margin, crowned. Integuments two, ex-
terior, soft, smooth, light brown; interior, rather fleshy
while the seeds are recent. Perisperm no other than the
interior integument of the seed. Embryo inverse, coty-
dedons round-cordate, strongly marked with veins. Radi-
cle cylindric, superior.
6.N. reticulatum, R. :
Shrubby, twining. Leaves oblong, smooth. Cymes ax
illary. Nectarial scales five, wedge-shaped. | eis |
a2 Se
a *
ve eRe tS
—)
Nerium. - - PENTENDRIA MONOGYNIA.
Kalli-pal-valli. Rheed. Mal. 9. €. 11.
Apocynum reticulatum. B. H.
Teling. Adivi pala-tiga. —
Hind. Karunta. 2.
_ A large twining shrub, a native of hedges, thickets: &e.
Flowering time the rainy season, abounds with milky
juice. a
Leaves opposite, short-petioled, obovate, or oblong,en- -
tire, smooth, very pale underneath ; with numerous, small,
reticulated veins running through every part, from three
to six inches long. Cymes axillary, many times shorter
than the leaves, and short peduncled, many-flowered.
Flowers small, yellow. Calyx five-parted; division
short, ovate. Coral: tube very short, gibbous ; divisions
of the border linear-lanceolate. Nectary five wedge-form-
ed scales, inserted on, or rather in the mouth of the tube.
Stamens within the tube, below the nectarial scales.
Style short. Stigma peltate, five sided. Follicles lance-
olate, horizontal, about three inches long.
oni
7. N. chinensis, Hunter.
_Shrubby, with erect, dichotomous branches. Leaves
sub-sessile, ovate-lanceolate, smooth. Peduncles terminal »
becoming lateral, or in the forks of the branches, fow-Hovge
ered Segments of the corol narrow, and end ensiform,
ina in the base of the tube. how
A native of China. In one garden on Pulo-penang
Dr. Hunter found it in blossom i in July :
I can find no nectarial crown on the tube of the corol,
nee I suspect it to be an Echites.
8. N. caudatum, R.
Shrubby, scandent. Leaves oblong, smooth. C) ynes ter-
‘minal. Segment of the corol ending in long, filiform poin ts.
_ A large climbing shrub, a native. of the mountain
B
10 PENTENDRIA MONOGYNIA. Neriune.
parts of the Coast, bark. ash-coloured with scabrous
‘specks. apr
Leaves opposite, short-petioled, oval, waved, smooth,
shining. Corymbs terminal, two-forked. _Bractes nar-
row-lanceolate, revolute. Flowers large, pretty numer-
ous. Calyx five-cleft ; divisions linear, waved, revolute,
coloured, very much like the bractes. Corol ; tube con-
tracted at the middle, each of the segments of the border
ending in a large linear filament, as in Echites caudata.
Nectary crowning the mouth of the tube as in the family.
Anthers within the tube, and ending in filaments as in the
genus. Germs two. Style length of the tube, white,
rugose as if it were composed of small air bladders.
‘T know of no use any part of this plaat is put to. Tf
Burman’s Echites caudata is the same, the nectary, and
threads to the anthers, are omitted in his figure, Flora In-
dica Table 26. Is allied to De Candoll’s Strophanthus.
9. N. grandiflorum, R. _ ee
Shrubby, twining. Leaves oblong, polished. Flowers ter-
minal. Nectaries bifid. Follicles three-sided horizontal.
A native of the Peninsula of India. In the botanic
garden at ‘Calcutta it is in flower great part of the year
though the seeds do not often come to maturity.
‘Stem stout, and woody. Bark smooth, greenish ash cor
lour. Branches twining up and over trees of very consi-
derable size severy part abundantly lactescent when wound- ~
ed. Leaves opposite, short petioled, oblong, entire. obtu-
se-pointed, polished on both sides; underneath minutely re-
ticulated, about three inches long, , by one and ahalfbroad.
Flowers terminal, from one to many, forming a dichoto-
_mous raceme with one in the fork, very large, pale pink.
Bractes conically-lanceolate, opposite, caducous. Calyx
five-leaved. Leaflets oval-lanceolate, with ample, thin
curled margins. Corol campanulate, half five-cleft. Nec-
taries five, not alternate. with, ‘but attached to the tube of
Echites. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. ll
the corol immediately above the stamina ; each divided in-
to two long, filiform, cdloured segments. Filaments short,
inserted on the contracted base of the tube of the corot.
Anthers cordate, incurved in form ofa dome over the stig-
ma, Germs two, one-celled, each containing many ovula
attached to a large projecting fleshy receptacle on the in-
‘side. Style at the base double and coalescing into one
body near the top. Stigma single, large, globular, with
the vertex two-toothed, and five glands round the side,
which are firmly attached to the inside of the five anthers
near their base, between these are five dark-coloured,
spoon-shaped scales, which become detached by age.
Follicles horizontal, three sided, with the angles sharp ;
tapering toa long, incurved, rather obtuse beak,
ECHITES. ‘4
[By some accident the Gikesin Character of Echites, wat the
description of the three first species, viz: Antidysenterica, Tincto-
ria, and Scholaris are wanting in my copy of Dr. Roxburgh’s work;
The two first of these are now removed to Wrightea, and the last
to Alstonia. It is thought better to print the genus as it stands
with this deficiency, than to insert a generic character of the ge-
nus, and a description of the three species which would not be Dr.
Roxburgh’s. W. Carey.] “
=: z. caryophyllata, R. Ef ok q r
ee ag. Leaves ovate-cordate, pointed. Cymes termi-
5 Tube gibbous at top. Nectary ile ma oat
Segments of the corol, triangular. ; a
Sans. Malati. See. Asiat. Res.ivy. 246. —
Kemetti valli. Rheed. mal. ix. t. 135.
Compare with E. costata Willd.
This is a large twining shrub, a native of moantata?
ous tracts only. It flowers during the wet season : the
. flowers are delightfully fragrant, partaking much of the
smell of cloves. Stem woody, tyiining, as thick as aman’s
:. ee 2
12 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Echites.
leg. Bark dark rust-colour, with fissures and scabrous
specks. Leaves opposite, short-petioled, ovate-cordate,
pointed, entire. Petioles with the nerve and veins colour-
ed red. Cymes terminal, sub-globular. Bractes falling.
Flowers numerous, large, pure white, delightfully fra-
grant. Calyx fiye-leaved, leaflets lanceolate, as long as
the corol, somewhat coloured, on the outside a little
downy. Corol; tube five-sided, gibbous; segments of
the border large, triangular. Nectary and pistillum as in
other species. Follicles cylindric, spreading. Seedsa
few, very large, crowned with down.
The delightful smell of the flowers of this plant, as well
as their beauty, makes it highly deserving a place in the
flower garden. On my arrival in Bengal I found it in a
few gardens only.
d. E. frutescens, R. :
Twining. Leaves oblong, pointed. Panicles terminal ;
segments of the corol long twisted and hairy; tube gib-
bous above the middle. a ae headed filaments.
Follicles linear.
A. floribus fasciculatis. Burm. se me. tc dey, Ae
Syama. Asiat. Res, iv. 261. ;
Beng. Syama-luta.
Teling. Nalla-tiga.
This plant Dr. Konig thought was Apocymum frutes-
cens of Linneus. Itis a large, ramous, twining, shrubby
species ; common in hedges, &c.
Leaves opposite, short-petioled, oblong, seioadsaneso.
late, pointed, smooth, entire ; from one to two inches long.
Panicles terminal; ramificnsiala opposite. Flowers
small, white, inodorous. Corol. Tube gibbous where the
stamens are lodged ; mouth contracted, and shut with
hairs ; segments of the border linear, twisted hairs. Nec-
tary five subulate bodies with large recurved heads, sur-
rounding the germs. Style mangle, ofa tongs sufficient to
*
Echites. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 13
bring the large, compound Stigma in contact with the
anthers. Follicles and seedsas inthe genus. __—*
6. E. macr ophylla, R ,
Shrubby, twining. Leaves sub-rotund acumineee: dow-
ny underneath. Cymes terminal.
-Belutta-kaka-kodi. Rheed. mal. ix. ft. 5 and 6.
Harkee the vernacular name in Silhet; where it is in-
digenous. Flowering time the hot months of May and
June; the seeds do not ripen until the following March
or April. Stem and larger branches ligneous, twining,
young shoots marked with little elevated brown specks.
Leaves opposite, short-petioled, from oval to roundish
oval, entire, acute, downy underneath ; from ten to twelve
inches long by from seven to ten broad. Cymes termi-
nal, elevated on a strong erect peduncle, many-flowered. —
Flowers very large, white. Bractes opposite, at the
divisions of the cyme, ovate, acute. Calyx companu-
late, five toothed. Corol infundibuliform. Tube gib-
bous immediately above the base where the anthers are
lodged; segments of the border unequally obovate, spread-
ing. Filaments short, hairy. Anthers sagittate, united
at the sides into a cone over the stigma, Germ superior,
ovate, two-lobed, two-celled, with many ovula in each,
attached to the thick middle ofthe partition. Style short,
grooved, as if composed of two portions firmly united.
Stigma headed, with an acute, bidentate apex. Follicles
pendulous, about twelve inches long, and as ‘thick as the
little finger, tapering to an acute point, pretty smooth.
Seeds numerous, large, spatulate ; coma ample, pointing
to the apex of the follicle; the reverse of Nerium cocci-
num. Infeguments single, firm, and brown. Perisperm
in asmall quantity; in fact an interior integument.
Embryo inverse. Cotyledons oblong. Radicle yeh
aggre, superior, and pointing to the coma,
14 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Echites..
7. E. grandiflora, R. .
Scandent. Leaves cuneate-oblong. Cymes terminal,
and axillary. Leaflets of the calyx-lanceolar, waved, and
coloured. Corol companulate. Follicles linear.
A native of the hilly parts of Chittagong and Silfet,
where it blossoms during the dry season. The seeds take
nearly one year to ripen.
Stem and large branches ligneous, and ont toa
very great extent, young shoots villous. Leaves oppo-
site, short-petioled, from oblong-cuneiform, to obovate—
oblong, entire, apex rounded, with a short point; void of
pubescence, hard; from six to eight inches long by from
_ two to five broad. Cymes axillary, becoming lateral,
short, few-flowered, all the parts thereof clothed with fer-
ruginous down. Flowers very large, equalling those of So-
landra grandiflora; greenish yellow. Bractes oblong, co-
loured and veined. Calyx to the base divided into five
long, lanceolate, waved, acute, coloured, veined seg- -
ments. Corol campanulate; border expanding about five
inches, and divided into five oval, waved, rather acumi-
nate, broad segments. Filaments five, nearly as long as
the corol, ascending in a gentle curve, smooth, inserted .
into the base of the bell of the corol. Anthers sagittate,
sides firmly united, forming a conical cover for the stig-
ma, to which they cohere. Germ two-lobed, hairy,
two-celled ; ovula numerous, attached to a jugiform
receptacle in each cell, rising from the partition. Style
length of the stamina. Stigma large, clammy. Follicles
horizontal, linear, obtuse, pretty smooth, the thickness of
‘the little finger ; points rather incuryed, and obtuse ; from
six to ten inches long. Seeds numerous, imbricated, ob-
long, compressed, brown, comose; coma very ample, I
have rarely seen so large points to this apex of the folli-
cles. Perisperm thin, light grey. Embryo straight, Coty-
ledons oblong. Radicle Ne Nae puberior,
Echites. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 15
8. E. acuminata, R.
Shrubby, scandent. Leaves from oblong to broad-lan-_
ceolate, acuminate, Panicles axillary, longer than the
leaves, diffuse, trichotomous, segments of the corol linear
and falcate. Follicles filiform, about eightiinches long.
Pingoree, or Bengeree the vernacular name in Silhet,
where the plant is found in the forest, climbing up and
over trees, &c. to a large extent. Flowering time May;
the seeds ripen in about nine months.
Young shoots rather rough with little, lighter coloured,
elevated specks. Leaves opposite, short-petioled, broad-
lanceolate, entire, acuminate, smooth ; from two to four.
inches long, by one anda half broad. On young plants
linear-lanceolate, and waved. Panicles axillary, solita-
ry in one axil, the other vacant, longer than the leaves,
lax, trichotomus throughout, smooth. Flowers many,
large, white, and Aagrants Bractes opposite, long, slen—_
der, and smooth. - Calyx, large divided to the base, into
live, long, narrow smooth segments. Corol. Tube the
length of the calyx, enlarged at the base, the border cut in
to five long, narrow, falcate, curled segments, which are
imbricated inthe bud. Nectary cup-shaped, embracing
the base of the germs, obscurely five-toothed. Filaments
five, short, attached to the tube a little below the middle.
Anthers sagittate, completely within the mouth of the tube,
Germs two, or very completely two-lobed, each one-
celled, containing numerous ovula, attached to a groov-.__
ed vertical receptacle on the inside. Style half the length
of the tube. Stigma large, oblong, bidentate. Follicles
pendulous about a foot and a half Jong, and not thicker.
than a goose quill, dark brown, marked with small lighter.
coloured specks, Seeds many, crowned with an am~
ple: coma, which points to the apex of the follicle. Pe-
risperm aula sa iealaion inverse, _ Les
*
ny E, marginata, Ps 3 ‘
16 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Echites.
Shrubby, scandent. Leaves lanceolate; an anasto~-
mosing vein near the margin. Panicles terminal, corym-
bose.
Dood-luta the vernacular name in Silhet, where it is
indigenous climbing up, and over trees &c. Flowering
time April and May when the air is perfumed with its
fragrance.
Leaves opposite, short-petioled, lanceolate, entire,
smooth, veins large, apices anostomosing and forming a
waved line within the margin ; from two to six inches long.
Panicles terminal, longer than the leaves, lax, corymbi-
form; first ramifications opposite, i. e. subtrichotomous
. afterwards dichotomous; all smooth. Bractes ensiform.
Flowers many, large, white, fragrant. Calyx five-
leaved; leaflets ensiform. Tube of the corol gibbous at
the base, the stamina lodged near the middle. Segments
of the border five, linear, falcate. Nectary a ring round
the base ofthe germ. Germ two-lobed; ovula in each’
lobe numerous, attached to a projecting receptacle down.
the centre of the partition. Style half the-length of the
tube of the corol. Stigma large, oblong, bidentate.
~ 10. E. cymosa. R. :
Shrubby, hairy. Leaves elliptic, acuminate. Cymes
terminal, shorter than the leaves, crowded. Calyx five
-leaved, length of the corol, Nectary poculiform, with
five-toothed mouth.
Kasee, Ewtaesbrab. .
A native of the copses, or low jungle in the Silhet dis-
trict, where it grows to be a middle sized, ramous shrub;
flowering in May.
~ Young shoots hairy.
- Leaves petioled, opposite, elliptic, acuminate, hairy,
particularly underneath; from three to four inches long,
by from one and half to two and half broad. Cymes ter-
minal, subglobular, much shorter than the leaves, crowd-
Echites. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 17
ed with small dull white, fragrant flowers. Bractes en-
siform, hoary. Calyx of five, hoary, ensiform leaflets,
scarcely united at the base, and as long as the tube of the
corol, Corol hoary on the outside, Tube gibbous ; bor-
der of five, obliquely ensiform segments, which are shorter
than the tube, and white in the bud, imbricated. Necta-
ry poculiform, embracing very completely the whole
germ ; mouth five-toothed. Anthers within the tube, sa-
gitate. Germ of two distinct lobes, their apices very
hairy, each lobe one-celled, and containing numerous o-
vula attached to a vertical ridge on the partition. Style
short, Stigma large, acuminate, adhering by gluten to
the inside of the anthers,
8. E. paniculata, R
~Shrubby, scandent. Leaves broad-lanceolar, entire,
smooth. Panicles axillary and terminal, trichotomous
- throughout. Nectary cup-shaped, surrounding the germ,
five-toothed. Follicles obclavate, few-seeded.
. An extensive, powerful, woody rambler ; a native of
the forests of Silhet. Flowering in March and April, the
seeds from the flowers of the former year ripening about
the same time.
Young shoots round and perfectly smooth. Leaves op-
posite, short-petioled, broad-lanceolar, smooth and of a
‘very firm texture, entire, obtuse-pointed ; from four to
eight inches long, and from oneand a half to three broad.
Stipules none. Panicles axillary, and terminal, long-
er than the leaves, smooth in every part, throughout tri-
chotomous to the extreme divisions, and they are three-
flowered, Bractes oval, embracing the base of the divi-
sions. Flowers very numerous, and very small, pale-yel-
low. Calyx five parted. Corol with a short gibbous tube, _
and border of five, falcate, woolly-margined segments.
Nectary cup-shaped, five-toothed, embracing the low-
er half, or more, of the germ, Filaments short.
c
pS ae PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Echites,
saggitate, adhering to each other, in the gibbous part of
the tube, and forming a dome over the stigma, Germs
two-lobed, two celled, &c. Style very short. Stigma
very large, with a pointed, bifid apex. Follicles horizon-
tal, five or six inches long, as thick as the little finger
at the base, and from thence tapering to an obtuse point,
smooth, Seeds a few, with an immensely long and large
coma. to the apex and Embryo, as in the Asclepiade,
9. E. hircosa, R.
_ Twining. Leaves petioled, oval, smooth. Panicles
~axillary, globular, and open. Anthers exert, a pearl like
gland on the back.
Pergularia glabra. Willd, 1, 1247.
Flos pergularia. Rumph. amb, 51, 29. f. 2.
A pretty extensive, perennial, twining shrub ; a native
of Bengal, but scarce. The flowers are pretty white,
larger and more numerous than in dichotoma, but have
a very offensive smell, truly goatish, as noticed by Rum-
phius. It flowers about the end of the hot season, and
the beginning of the rains in May and June.
Leaves opposite, rather short-petioled, oval, senrowient
pointed, entire, smooth ; from three to five inches long, and
from two to three fren: Panicle axillary, shorter than
the leaves, subglobular, very open, though very ramous,
slightly villous. Flowers large, pure white, long pedicelled.
Bractes from lanceolate to ensiform. Calyx 5-parted ; seg-
ments sub-lanceolate, acute, Corol with a short, rather gib-
bous tube. Border of several round spreading segments ;
which are imbricated in the bud. Nectary of five, fleshy,
smooth scabs, covering the germ, Filaments five from the
mouth of the tube, thick, andshort. Anthers saggittate,
forming a pointed cone over the stigma on the base ; on
the outside a large, beautiful pearl-like gland. Germ Sasi
two-lobed, 2 celled ; Ovula numerous, attached to an
; elevated vertical receptacle on the partition, Style long-
Echites. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 19
er than the tube of the corol, columnar. Stigma large,
clammy, and adhering to the anthers, apex two-toothed,
13, E. dichotoma, R,
Twining. Leaves opposite, ‘lanceolate-oblong.
Racemes axillary, dichotomous. Segments of the corol
obovate. Filaments thick, headed, and woody.
~ Beng. Happur-malee.
Pergularia glabra, Kon. in B. H. .
A large, twining, shrubby plant, found in forests, &e,
near Calcutta ; flowering time, the hot season, Stems
ligneous. Branches numerous, spreading and twining ;
bark of the woody part ash-coloured, of the young shoots
green and smooth. Leaves. opposite, very short-petioled,
from oblong to lanceolar, acute, recurved, entire, smooth ;
from two to three inches long, and from one, to one and
a half broad. Stipules, some awl-shaped, brown glands
surrounding the insertions of the leaves. Racemes axilla-
ry, ora little above, solitary, generally two-cleft, or two
racemes toa common peduncle, rachis winding. Flowers
alternate, generally solitary, pretty long-pedicled, large,
pure white, pleasantly fragrant. Bractes, afew ofan
unequal size at the insertion of each pedicel. Calyx of
five, cordate, pointed leaflets ; the length of the tube of the
corol. Corol tubular ; tube short; border large, flat; di-
visions roundish-obovate. _Nectary cylindric, surround-
ing the germs ; mouth five-notched. Filaments inserted. on
the mouth of the tube of the corol, very thick, with a large
round pearl coloured projection behind the insertion of the
arrow-shaped anthers, which are woolly on the fore side.‘
Germs two, &c. as in the former species, Style single,
hairy. Stigma headed, and adhering firmly toa projection
in the fissure which forms the barb of the Anthers. Follicles
oblong, large, being about six inches long, and above two
_in diameter at the thickest part, and what is most extraor-
einarys ibe.cnkn:tem.renh reasele which Ihave yet.mmet
c2
20° PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Plumeria,
with, divided spontaneously into four parts or equal.
valves, when dry. Seeds numerous, comose, &c. with in-
verted embryo, as in the other Apocinee.
14. E. parviflora R. :
Twining. Leaves lanceolar. Panicles terminal, and
axillary, brachiate. Tube of the corol gibbous toward.
the base ; | segments of the border linear-falcate. Necta-
ry an entire ring round the germ.
A stout perennial species, a native of the partes Cir-
cars,
™ 15. E. clavata, R oat,
Twining, dichotomous. Leaves broad, lanceolate, en-
tire, villous underneath. Paniclesaxillary, dichotomous,
Tube of the corol clavate, with the segments of the border
falcate. Anthers linear, and within the mouth of the
tube.
A native of the Moluccas, and of all the species known
to me, this most resembles E. Dichotoma, but differs suf-
ficiently in the length of thetube, the segments of the bor-
der ofthe corol, and the stamina, to authorise its being
considered a distinct species.
PLUMERIA. Schreb. gen. N. 422.
Calyx 5-parted. Corol infandibuliform. Germ 2 celled’;
cells many seeded, attachmentinterior. Follicles refies.
Seeds inserted into their proper membrane.
P. acuminata of the Banksian herbarium. :
- Arboreous. Leaves cuneate-lanceolar, acuminate, those
of the branchlets obtuse. Racemes corymbose,
Flos convolutus. Rumph. Amb. 4. t, 38 3 9008.
Hind. Gool-achin.
This very elegant, small tree does not appear to bea
‘native of this part of India, I have only found it in gar-
dens; but there itis verycommon, which shews it to be of
Tabernemontana, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. ° 21
considerable antiquity. Every part is full of tenacious,
white juice, which exudes plentifully on being wounded.
Trunk crooked, from six to ten feet high. Bark rough.
Branches numerous, three-forked, swelled towards the
ends; the height of the whole tree fifteen or twenty feet.
Leaves crowded about the end of thebranchlets, petioled,
wedge-lanceolar, acute, entire. Many straight veins run —
towards the circumference, and are lost in another waved
vein, which surrounds the leaf within the margins; theyare
smooth on both sides ; about a foot long and three inches -
broad. Petioles round, with a small channel on the upper
side, which ends below in a hollow filled with blackish co- |
nical glands. Peduncles subterminal, having several co-
rymbiform racemes, in a verticelled order. Flowers numer-
ous, succeeding one another for a great length of time ; on
the outside they are tinged red ; the inside pale yellow be-
low, and white towards the base of the segments ; diffus-
ing a pleasing fragrance, chiefly during the night. Calyx
of five, small, roundish, fleshy leaves, Corolfunnel-shap-
ed, with a large imbricated border ; divisions obovate.
Stamens in the bottom of the tube. Filaments short.
Anthers sagittate- Follicles pendulous, horizontal, very
rigid. In thirty-five years I have only met with them
once, so rarely does this tree ripen its seed.
TABERNZ MONTANA.
Contorted. Corol funnel-shaped. Follicles two, ‘re-
curved. Seed several, immersed in a pulpy aril, and
rirsomnise attached to the two 1 margins of the follicles.
1. T. dichotoma. R.
Subarboreous, dichotomous. Leaves oblong, and li-
near oblong, with deverging veins, Racemes simple or
compound, single. or in pairs from the forks,
A native of ber and Malabar and ‘introduced into
‘the Botanic Garden at Calcutta from the former place,
22 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Tabernemontana.
the Rev. Dr. John; where it flowers during the -
part of the year, but chiefly during the rains.
Trunk short.
Branches numerous ; spreading much in every direction;
dichotomous, the old ones with smooth olive coloured
bark ; the young ones green, round, and very smooth.
Leaves opposite, petioled, oblong,and linear-oblong, entire,
rather obtuse, of a firm texture, and polished on beth
sides ; veins parallel, diverging from the rib; length from
four to eight inches and from one to two broad. -Petioles
short, and united ina cup like a stipulary ring which com-
pletely embraces the branchlets, All these parts very re-.
sinous. Racemes simple or compound ; single or in pairs,
in the extreme divisions of the branchlets ; often as long
as the leaves, polished, bright green, Flowers rather
remote, long-pedicelled, large, white, scarcely fragrant. .
bractes scarcely any. Calyx five-parted ; divisions
short, semilunar, resinous, Coral ; tube long, gibbous
near the base, much contracted above the stamina ;
Border of five, contorted, faleate segments, Filaments
short, inserted into the tube of the corol near the mid-
dle. Anthers sagittate. Germs two, closely united;
single, one-celled ; ovula numerous, attached toa two-
lobed receptacle, on the inner side of the cell, Style
two-thirds shorter than the tube of the corol, two-lobed.
Stigma large, with a tapering bifidapex. Follicles, it
is rare to find more than one of the two come to ma-
turity, they are recurved with the back considerably
concave; and very gibbous on the opposite side, where
an elevated rib runs along each side of the suture; ob.
tusely pointed, pretty smooth; when ripe of a bright orange
colour, four or five inches long, and nearly two in dia-
meter where thickest. Seeds numerous, of an irregular,
cuneate-oblong shape, with a deep longitudinal groove
on one side; each enveloped in its own proper, scarlet,
pulpy aril and inserted along the side of the two margins
Tabernamontanad. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 293
of the suture by the small end of the aril, which is again
attached by a broad umbilical cord to the centre of the
longitudinal groove just mentioned, Perisperm in pret-
ty large quantity, rather soft, and of a pale bluish white
colour. Embryo nearly as long as the seed, with the two
cordate cotyledons ledged near the thick end ; and the |
long, almost straight cylindric radicle directed to the
small end where the aril was attached to the margin of
_ the follicle ; (relative centripeta of Gertner.) :
An incomplete drawing, and description of this tree,
was sent to the Honourable the Court of Directors under
the name of Cerbera dichotoma, and numbered 1541. At
that time IT had not seen the fruit but since my return to
' India, I have met with it ina perfectly ripe state and find
the plant must now be referred to the genus Tabernemon-
tana esti I ink, it forms a new proces: fort
2. T. ergs R.
Shrubby, dichotomous. Leaves lanceolar, waved,
smooth. | Penduncles from the divisions of the branches
few flowered, Calyx 5-toothed. Follicles arith ma-
ny-seeded.
Nerium coronarium, Hort. Kew. 1, P. 297,
Nandi-ervatum major, and minor, Rheed. Mal. 2. t
54, and 55, 1 take to be the gonbhe and single varieties
of this, itl
Firk-tugur the Hindoo name of the single flowered, 5,3 om .d
Bura-tugur of the double flowered. —
Jasminum zylanicum. &c. Burm, zeyl. 129. 1. 59.
_ Flos Manilhanus, Rump. Amb, 4, t, 49. appears to be
the double variety.
_A flowering shrub common in gardens over India. Tti is
in flower the greater part of the year but rarely ripens its
seed, I mean the double sort, the single neni them fre-
“04 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Taternemontana.
Trunk trifling, but numerous, two-forked branches,
with a pretty smooth light ash-coloured bark. The whole
shrub is about 6 or 8 feet high. Leaves opposite, short-
petioled, spreading, lanceolar, smooth, shining, deep
green; margins waved a little, with elevations above the
veins ; four or six inches long. Stipules within the leaves,
Tesinous as in most species of Gardenia. Peduncles ge-
‘nerally solitary, from the divisions of the branchlets, one
or two inches long, from one to eight flowered. Flowers
pure white, and delightfully fragrant during the night.
Calyx five-toothed. Corol funnel shaped ; tube contract-
ed towards the mouth, and crowned with small yellow
glands, (which brings it in this respect near to Nerium ;)
border five-parted ; divisions obliquely ovate, and curled
at the margins. Stamens rather below the middle of the
tube. Germs two. Style short. Stigma single, headed with
its slender apex, bifid. Feollicles spreading ; and recurv-
ed singly, from one to three incheslong. Seeds three to
six, irregularly oblong, dark brown, and striated ; each
enclosed in its own proper, fleshy, deep red pulpy ari
Perisperm conform to the seed ; with the cordate cbiliile..
dons lodged in its thick end, and the long, cylindric,
straight radicle, directed to the small end.
Note, This pulp seems fit for yielding a very beautiful
colour. ‘The double flowered variety is much more com-
mon than the single and i is more beautiful; few shrubs
surpassing it.
3. T. Crispa. R. 2
_ Shrubby, dichotomous. Leaves oblong, rh waved,
smooth. Peduncles from the divisions of the branches,
three or four flowered, Calyx five-leaved. Follicles three
or four seeded, )
ALT, alternifolia. Willd, 4. 1246,
Curutu-pala, Rheed. mal.1, P. 83, t, 46. -
Tabernemontana. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 25
This is a large, tamous shrub, I have only found it in
the Botanic Garden of the Company at Calcutta, where
it flowers during the rains.
Trunk short ; branches numerous, two-forked; bark ash
coloured ; young shoots dotted, Leaves opposite, cross«
armed, short-petioled, reclined, oblong, pointed, waved,
pale green, but smooth on both sides ; from 4 to 8 inches
long and two or three broad. Peduncles from the divisi-
ons of the branchlets, solitary, few-flowered. Flowers
pure white, fragrant. Calyx five-leaved, leaflets cordate,
smooth, falling. Corol ; tube a little gibbous above the
middle, and there the stamens are lodged ; divisions of the
border curled. | Germs two, each one-celled, containing
four vertical rows of ovula, two on each side, attached to
the inner elevated margins of the cell. Follicles oblong,
three-six-seeded. Seeds surrounded with their proper
pulpy arils, &c. &c: as in T. Coronaria,
I never saw this species with double flowers, nor is it
so ornamental as even the single flowered. T. Coronaria.
‘To distinguish it from that species, attend to the calyx,
and follicles chiefly, the leaves being in this also oppo—
site, made me change the Linnean specific name atterni-
Folia, for crispa on account of its curled petals.
6 corymbosa. R. |
Leaves petioled, oblong. Corymit terminal, ample, de-
compound, all the primary divisions dickonaneny An
thers inclosed. . 2
A native of the Moluccas. Uy
TT. parviflora. R.
Shrubby, dichotomous. Leaves broad-lanceolate, ta<
per, obtuse pointed. Peduncles in pairs at the forks, few-
‘flowered. ‘The five segments of the calyx ensiform.
_ This small shrub, was sent from Sumatra to the Bota-
26 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Tabernemontana.
nic Garden at Calcutta, where it flowers during the rainy
season ; but has not yet perfected its seeds in Bengal.
Stem erect, slender, round, and smooth, soon dividing
intoa few, slender, dichotemous branches, the. whole
height rather under three feet. . Leaves opposite, short-
petioled, broad-lanceolate, taper, obtuse- pointed ;margins
-waved, but entire, smoothon beth sides, length from two
to six. inches and the breadth frem one to two. Peduncles
generally in pairs from the forks of the branches, few-
flowered. Flowers pedicelled, small, white... | Pedicells as
Jong as'the peduncles.|. Bracfes. few and small. | Calyx
five-toothed.. Divisions erect, ensiform: _Corol infundibi-
diform ; tube widest. close to. the mouth, and there the
sessile anthers are lodged... Border of five falcate, linear,
obtuse segments, which are shorter than the tube. Germ
two-lobed; style of two; coalesced portions, and sufficient-
ly long to elevate the stigma even with the anthers.
Terecurva. R. Bal Biie.02
pene Ricbetuncas ico aiwbin ace sxtootl.
Pedunclés i in pairs at the forks, recurved, corymbiform,
Calyxes five-cleft. _Anthers in the mouth of the clavate
tube. e
A native of Chittagong fom whence it was sent to adhe
Botanic Garden at Calcutta by Dr. Buchanan, where it
blossoms in March and April. |
Trunk tolerably straight, but short, soon dividing int
several, dichotomeus branches. Bark smooth. Leaves
opposite, short-petioled, broad-lanceolate, obtuse-point-
ed ; smooth on both sides ; length from two to six inches,
Peduncles in pairs from the divisions of the branchlets,
short, recurved, each ending in adichotomous corymb
of many, long, white, drooping flowers. Bractes lanceo-
late. Calyx five-cleft to very near the base ; divisions | li-
near, unequal, smooth, Coro! ; ; tube many times lor
than the calyx, widened at the mouth, where the an-
c- =>
Ceropegia. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. — 27
thers are lodged. “Border of*fivé, large, wedge-shaped,
very obliqitely, smooth, entire segments. Fil short. An-
thers sagittate, lodged just within the tabe of the corol.
Germ two lobed. Style neatly as long as the’ tube of the
corol, Stigma bifid, issuing from the apex of an’ bey
= goalie cg gland.
Sopher tr} :
a
=
PR pei baHtafetid: Willd. 1. 1246. ' :
Arboreous. Leaves opposite, lanceolar. “Panicles ter-
minal and axillary, sinall, er _Pollicles' inany
seeded. .
‘A small tree, with smooth ipweaied and dichotomous’
branches and’ branchlets. 8 ta rather ecaews ‘pale yel-
low. ~
Keliia iP atiiet + try
‘
met seioinlas olfbin sar dued: HOSTS HX
ct. pain Unseen S vik Seuss a ee GS ae ES ay. a pre
fot EE ESR, JUGS: PSC Arie 2 OG) aon
“PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
CEROPEGIA. Schreb. geu. n. 43%.
- Calyx five-toothed. Corol with the divisions of its’
borders converging. Nectary surrounding the fructifica-
tion, protruding five sterile ae fiesta} linear,
ic askenestane agri nID ie botine
pe eer Yandelabrum, Willd. 1.1275. 8
Perennial, twining, smooth. wrest -oblong ne
bells pendulous. i:
- Njota-njoden-valli. Rheed. aeist: 9 t. 16. :
Native of Malabar. It flowers in the rainy ser sara
per Botanic species sil spa ee: ats ; dh a
ied €. oulbosa, swita. 1. 125 Ri Cord: BANA.
28 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA, Ceropegia.
Leaves obovate, short-petioles, fleshy. Umbels short-
peduncled, few-flowered. ,
_Teling, Manchi, viz. good Mandu. Hae
It grows amongst bushes in hedges, &c. on dry, barren,
uncultivated ground and flowers during the hot sea-
son. :
Root tuberous, a little flattened like a turnip, with
several fibres from its base ; itis about as large asa
small apple. Stems twining, herbaceous, smooth, succu-
lent ; from 2 to 4 feet long. Leaves opposite, short-petiol-
ed, obovate, with a small point, entire, fleshy, size vari-
ous. Umbels lateral, lengih of the leaves, peduncled few--
- flowered, direction various. Flowers pretty large, erect ;
tube greenish ; border purple. Calyx five-toothed ; tooth-
lets acute, permanent. Corol one-petalled ; tube swelled’
at the base, contracted about the middle, enlarging from
thence into a bell-shaped mouth. Border five-parted ;
segments linear, downy, purple, erect, tops united, gaping
at the sides. Nectary ; its body is already described in the —
preliminary observations ; from each of its five divi-
sions, rises a curved. tapering, filiform, sterile filament, of
about half the length of the tube. Anthers five pair, rest-
ing on the black pointed angles of the common stigma.
(Corpus truncatum.) Germs two united. Styles two,
united, short, thick. Stigma common large, peltate, five-
cornered, before the flower opens these corners adhere
firnily to five, incurved, yellow glandular parts of the nec-
tary, and between them are the anthers. It requires some
force to separate them, to have a view of the anthers ;
when the flower is afterwards fully blown,. they separate
of themselves, the anthers are then seen poised, asit were,
on the five black, pointed angles of the stigma... riieliicles .
two, slender, singly about 3 or 4 inches long,
Every part of this plant is eaten by the natives, either
raw or stewed in their cuties, The Balertione” on |
a raw turnip,
Asclepias. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 29
8. C. acuminata. Willd. 1.1276. R. Corom, pl.1. N. 8.
Root tuberous, perennial. Stems Se twining.
Leaves ensiform, succulent.
Teling. Commoo-madu.
ASCLEPIAS.
’ Contorted. Calyx five-toothed. Corol rotate, or sal-
ver-shaped. Nectary subcylindric, embracing the organs
of the fructification. Anthers five pairs, attached to the
five angles of the common stigma. follicles two. Seeds
‘ comose. (apis tixe es
The East Indian plants of this extensive family, be-
longing to the natural order Apocinea of Jussieu, are,
“with the exception of two or three species, uniformly
twining perenials. The Leaves always opposite ; inflo-
rescence sub-axillary or rather laterifolius umbels. “The
Calyx and Corol five-parted. The nectary a subcylindric
pentagon, more or less deeply divided into five, lanceo-
late, lamellated segments. The organs of the fructifica-
tion consist of five pair, of one-celled anthers and as I
cannot subscribe to Brown’s opinion, I must say at all
periods attached to the circumference, or when angular, to
the five angles of the common stigma, and furnished with
a fecundating fluid, instead of pollen. The germs two,
or very perfectly two-lobed, superior, each crowned with
its proper style, but the two are often pretty rn
ed, and end in a single large, roundish, or pentagonal,
spongy body, which I call the common stigma, (Jacquin’s
tuberculum staminiferum, and Cavanille’s radix stamine-
um) and gives the germs nearly as great a claim to t he
first order of this class, as the other parts of the pistil-
jum do to the second. ‘This body is in some parts
firmly attached to the interior lamella of the five seg-
ments of the nectary, and that organ being united to th
Corol, the whole falls off in one body. Several of our In-
“30 PENTANDRIA: DIGYNIA: Asciepias.
dian plants of this order hitherto consigned to Pergula-
ria, Periploca,Cynanchium, and Apocynum, fallinto this
genus; nor can I contrive any possibility of placing.
them elsewhere, so exactly alike are all the essential
parts of their generic character, which appears to me as.
completely Gynandrous, as any of the Orchidee.
Section Ist. ‘Corel rotate.
1A. gigantea. Willd. 1264. '
Shrubby, hoary. Leaves stem clasping, aici ot
vate, downy underneath. Umbels simple.
_ Madorus Rumph. amb. 7. t. 14. f.1. (caine .
Urka is the Sanscrit name of the lilac variety, nat
Ulurka the name of the white.
Ericu. Rheed. mal. 2. t. 31 the lilac, and pase ote
31 the white.
Nella-jeberoo, the Telinga name of the lilac Someaail
variety, and. Zella-jeleereo of the white flowered. Tene
Akunda, and Swetakund. reer
- This i is one of the most common, large, ramous annie :
over. India. It is in flower, and has ripe seed all the year
round,. It grows every where, but chiefly about old walls,
hedges, or ruinous places.
Stem. often as thick as a man’s leg, or thigh, cohaent
ramous, Bark ash-coloured. Young shoots covered with
soft woolly down. Leaves opposite, decussate, sub-ses~
sile, embracing the stem, broad, wedge-form, bearded on
the upper side where they end in the petiole ; the upper
surface pretty smooth ; the under one, covered with a
white woolly pubescence, from four to six inches long,
and from two to three broad. Umbels generally simple,
though sometimes compound, peduncled. Pedunclesround,
covered with the same woolly substance, as the leayes
and young shoots, and issuing. alternately 1 from. bet
the opposite | leaves, nearly erect, half the lengt of ‘the
bay as We ee
Asclepias. PENTANDRIA DIGYNTA. 31
leaves. Involucres several oblong, pointed scales. Flowers
large, beautiful, a mixture of rose ee and am
Calyx five-parted. Corol flat.
The white flowered variety differs oily from the: tlas
_ flowered, in the colour of the flowers.
A large quantity of an acrid, milky juice, five rove
wounds made in every part of these shrubs; the natives
apply it to various medicinal purposes; besides which,
they employ the plant itself, and the preparations thereof
to cure all kinds of fits ; Epilepsy, Hysterics, Convulsions
from Coitu immediately after bathing ; also Spasmodic
disorders such as the locked jaw, Convulsionsin children,
Paralytical complaints, Cold sweat, Poisonous bites, and
venereal complaints, Good charcoal for ganpowder issaid
to be made of it. A fine sort of silky flax is in some parts
prepared from the bark of the young shoots. <A large,
beautiful, "inactive: — of — feetls se ‘the
leaves. ™
2. A. sussuela. R.
Succulent and smooth, Leaves petioled, oblong, point-
ed succulent smooth. Peduncles few-flowered. Calyx
five-leaved: Corols flat, eed shhatese3 2 et
short, and obconical, si hal
Corona Ariodnes. Rumph. dnd? 5. t. 182. .
‘A native of the Moluccas and by far the largest flow-
ett species I have yet met with; when io 2 nded it is —
nearly three inches in’ ane CE aS GENS ie Se RTE °
ees § a
“8. A. acida. R. =
Leafless. Umbellets terminal atthe: aiaied
‘Soma-lata in Sanscrit, rendered Soon by Wilkinsin his” :
translation of the Bhagavut Geeta, p. 80, and’ mesg a2.
- Cynanchium viminale. Wi Ud. ni ssn |
, Riba Tiga-tshivitiobdoo. “”
32 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA: _Asclepias.
A native of hedges, forests, &c. but by no means com- |
mon,
Stems twining, woody. Branches and branchlets most
numerous, cylindric and smooth ; particularly the young-
est shoots, and they are generally pendulous when not
supported ; naked and succulent, like those of Euphrobia
Tirucalli. Leaves scarcely the rudiments of any tobe seen.
Flowers small, pure white, fragrant, pedicelled, collected.
round the extremities of the branchlets, in the form of ele-
gant, small, simple umbellets. Calyx small, five-parted,
star-like. Corol flat seemingly five-petioled, as the fis-
sures are continued close to the base. Nectary enlarged
at the base in form of a cup, on which rests five, large
fleshy, incurved, undivided, white segments. Stamens
and pistil, as in the germs. Follicles, I never saw them.
' This plant yields a larger portion of very pure milky
juice than any other I know; and what is rare, itis of a
mild nature, and acid taste. The native travellers often
suck the tender shoots to ally their thirst,
4, A. racemosa. R. ; :
Twining to a vast extent. Leaves round, cordate. Ge
nitalia oblate, Follicles linear oblong, obtuse.
A native of various parts of India. Flowering time,
in Bengal, the month of May.
Stems, and old branches woody, covered with dark,
scabrous bark, twining up, and over trees of a large
size ; young shoots round, smooth, bright green. Leaves
opposite, petioled, round-—cordate, entire, acuminate ;
Lobes large, and rounded, smooth on both sides ; some
conic glands at the base, which become brown by age;
length, from 3 to 6 inches and nearly as broad. Petioles
shorter than the leaves, round, smooth. Racemes late-
rifoliate, peduncled, smooth, nearly erect, continuing to
lengthen as the spirally disposed flowers expand.
Pedicles diverging, long, round, and smooth. Flowers
Asclepias, PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 33
small, smooth, Calyx five-cleft ; segments rounded, Corol
perfectly rotate, most slightly contorted ; segments ovate,
speckled with ferruginous marks, on a pale yellow
ground, Nectarium very short, _the five exterior lamina
of its five divisions obversely crescent-shaped, . Follicles
large, linear-oblong, obtuse, smooth, Seeds ovate, thin —
membrane-margined. Coma large. Integument single, a
rather thick, light brown. Perisperm conform to the seed,
thin, white. Embryo straight, inverse. Cotyledons cord-
ate, thin, five-nerved, large and nearly dividing the peris-
perm into two. Radicles clavate, pointing to the coma,
which points to the apex of the. follicle,
oe A. asthmatica. ‘Willd. L 1270.
Leaves petioled, long-cordate, downy underneath,
: lialels, axillary, compound. coheed Segments ensi-
ARsiccotti So fie
. Beng. monet og
Teling. Kaka- -palla, y
This is a perennial, twining species ; it is common al-
most every where, and delights mostin a light sandy soil.
It flowers during the cold season,
What is A. alixicaca of Jacquin: See Willd, 1, 12702
I suspect it is the same or a variety, We have one varie-
ty in the Botanic Garden at Calcutta with the young
shoot peduncles and petioles tinged with red. Root of
many, Jong, thick, whitish, or light ash-coloured fleshy
fibres, issuing from a small, hard, ligneous head. Stems
several, twining, slender, tt from 6 to ‘12 feet long ;
. young parts downy. Leaves opposite, petioled, linear,
cordate-oyate ; those near the extremities are narrower,
all are entire ; above smooth; below downy ; from two
’ to three: eches long. Petioles about half an inch long,
channelled. Umbels solitary, axillary, and alternate,
_ generally compound, — Peduneles, and pedicels twice | jhe
length of the petioles, pRaand, downy, Anvolucre.
abe shy Fy
6
34 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Asclepias.
late, Flowers numerous, small, colour a mixture of bad
yellow, and orange. Calyx ; divisions lanceolate, very
acute. Corol flat ; divisions oval. Follicles lanceolate,
spreading, three or four inches long, and about two incir-
_cumference.
On the coast of Coromandel, the roots of this plant
have often been used as a substitute for Ipecacuana. I
have often prescribed it myself, and always found it an-
swer as wellas I could expect Ipecacuana to do; I
have also often had very favorable reports of its effects
from others. It was a very useful medicine with our Eu-
ropeans who were unfortunately prisoners with Hyder
Ally, during the war of 1780, 81, 82 and 83. In a pretty
large dose, it answered as an Emetic; in smaller doses,
often repeated, as a Cathartic, and in both ways very
effectually.
I had made and noted down many observations on its
uses, when in large practice in the General Hospital at
Madras in 1776, 77 and .78, but lost them, with all my
other papers, by the storm and inundation at and near
Coringa in May 1787. I cannot therefore be so full on
the virtues of this valuable, though much neglected root,
as I could wish. I have no doubt but it would answer
every purpose of Ipecacuana.
The natives also employ it as an Emetic ; the bark of
about three or four inches of the fresh root, they rub up-
on a stone, and mix with a little water for a dose ; it ge-
nerally purges at the same time.
Note by Dr. P.. Russell.
“Dr. Russell was informed by the Physician General
at Madras, (Dr. J. Anderson,) that he had many years _
before known it used, both by the European and Native
Troops with great success in the dysentery which happen-
ed at that time to be epidemic in the camp. The store of
ee had it seems, been wholly expended, and
Asclepias. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 35
Dr. Anderson finding the practice of the black doctors
much more successful than his own, acknowledged, with.
his usual candour, that he was not ashamed to take in- ©
struction from them, which he pursued with good suc-
cess; and collecting a quantity of the plant, which |
they pointed out to him, he sent a large package of the
roots to Madras. _It is certainly an article of the Hin-
doo materia medica highly deserving attention.
6. A. tunicata, R.
Leaves long-cordate, smooth. Stipules short-petioled,
broad-cordate. Umbels simple. Nectary double.
Periploca tunicata, Willd. 1.1252. Retz. 3. obs, 2. N. 35,
Hind, Kallia-luta.
_ Beng. Chagul-pati.
A pretty large, twining shrub, a native of the hedges,
&c. Flowering time, the rainy season, Its milky juice
is particularly gummy.
Leaves opposite, petioled, cordate, with erie round-
ed, posterior lobes ; pointed, entire, both sides smooth;
from2 to4inches long. Petioles half the length of the
leaves, stem-clasping. Stipules two in the same axil, none
in the other opposite one ; they are short-petioled, broad-
cordate, pointed, smooth, about an inch long each way.
Unmbels solitary, small, simple, few-flowered, occupying
the axil opposite to the stipules. | Flowers small, rusty
colour. Corol flat. Nectary double. Exterior tubular,
gibbous, considerably large, and completely embracing
the inner, and the fructification ; towards the apex plait-
ed, and contracted ; mouth ten-toothed, the alternate
ones very large, and emarginate. © Inferior as in the ge-
_ nus. Follicles lanceolar, flat on the inside, with sharp
ene, black, deeply and rani furrowed.
7. A. microphylla, R.
» Leaves apetntes with a minute point; smooth and
E2 gle
36 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA, Asclepias.
fleshy. Racemes lateral, few-flowered, scaly with bran-
ches.
Parparam. Rheed. mal, 9. t. 17.
Teling. Poola-palla.
A long, small, delicate twining perennial, a native an
hedges, &c. Flowering time, the wet season. Itis pro.
bably Cynanchium parviflorum of the Banksian herba-
rium. |
Leaves opposite, petioled, cordate, with a minute acute
point, smooth, shining, entire, fleshy ; from half an inch,
to an inch long. Racemes lateral, sessile, small, few-
flowered. Bractes lanceolate. Flowers small, stellate,
long-pedicelled, many of them without stamens, or pistil.
Corol flat. Follicles as in the last two species, but smaller.
8. A. volubilis. Willd. 1269.
Leaves petioled, broad-ovate, pointed, smooth. — Fruc-
tification with nectary, turbinate, and truncate. Umbels
simple. : 2 LRBRG
_ Watta-kakacodi. Rheed. mal. 9. t. 15.
Teling. Doodee-palla.
Beng. Tita-kunga.
A large woody, twining species ; common in hedges,
thickets, &c. Flowering time, the wet season. Bark of the
woody parts smooth, ash-coloured.
Leaves opposite, petioled, broad-cordate, but not sinus
ate at the base, pointed, entire, smooth; from 3 to 4 in-
ches long. Petioles from 1 to 2 inches long. Umbels la-
teral, or axillary, simple, many flowered. Flowers nu-
merous, green, with pedicels as long as the peduncle. Co-
rol flat. Nectary turbinate, truncate. Anthers reflected
over the common stigma. Follicles horizontal, obtuse,
about three or four inches long, and four in circumference.
9, A. pendula, R. .
_ Leaves oblong, veinless, id smooth, and Seuiel . Un-
Asclepias. , PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA, 37
bels simple, many flowered. Nectaries protruding’ five
horns at the base. ia
Nansjera-patsja. Rheed. mal. 9. t. 13.
A native of the mountainous parts of the Circars ; sit
flowers during the hot and rainy seasons.
Stems and larger branches woody, twining, ner
over trees, &c. to agreat extent. Branchlets twiggy;
and pendulous. Leaves opposite, oblong, smooth, shin-
ing, of a very firm, hard, fleshy texture, veinless. Um-
bels peduncled, lateral, solitary, pendulous with the
branchlets many flowered. Flowers milk-white, fragrant,
pendulous also. Pedicels as long as the peduncles. Co.
rol flat, inside covered with a kind of silky down. Nec-
tary stellate; O may represent one of its five parts much
magnified. Anthers remarkably large, reflected over, and
resting upon the common stigma. If taken out and examin-
ed before the flower opens, they are then found much
swelled ; along the sharp edge there is a double line,
which I conclude forms an opening for the prolific fluid to
escape at, but in old flowers they are mere collapsed
membranes, On dividing the plump ones I could readily
press outa yellow fluid.
Note. This is the most favorable species I have met
with for examining the structure, and contents of the an-
te of this Sapam genus.
10. ‘he ses RR | | 2s BS
Leaves petioled, cordate, pointed, smooth; eats isi
veins red; genitalia sitting on a large annular receptacle.
hidliceodient: Rheed. mal. 9. t. 7.
| Teling. Palla gurgi.
It is a native of moist app te Flowering — the wet
Stem twining, sianaialt Young shoots round, ears very
smooth. Leaves opposite, petioled, cordate, deeply lobed
atthe base, pointed, entire, smooth on both oe nerve
38 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. _—_ Assclepias.
and veins red ; on the upper side near the base are some
small bristly points ; from three to five inches long, and
two or three broad. Petioles about two inches long,
Umbels lateral, peduncled, simple, few flowered. Flow-
ers large, the colour a beautiful mixture of red, green
and white. Calyx five-leaved ; leaflets ovate. Corol
flat. Nectary, its base forms a large, fleshy, somewhat
five-sided ring. Filaments twisted. Anthers very long,
they hang down on the sides of the common stigma, which
is here very large, of an oval form, composed of five
lobes, with a pentagonal crown.
BA. A. miberoalt R. |
Bark of the woody parts suberose. Leaves petioled,
cordate, downy. Umbels simple. .Corols downy. Fruc-
tification globular. Anthers hornletted.
Cynanchium reticulatum. Willd. 1. 1258. |
A large, twining, perennial species common in hedges,
&c. over most parts of the coast of Coromandel. It flow-
ers during the latter parts of the rains, and the cold sea-
son.
Stem, and old branches woody, twining; bark light ash-
coloured, suberous, and cracking deep in various direc-
tions ; young parts slightly downy. Leaves opposite, pe-
tioled, oblong, cordate, entire, acute, downy, particularly
when young ; two or three inches long, and one and a
half or two inches broad. Petioles round, one half length
of the petioles. | Umbels lateral, simple, peduncled,
about the length of the petioles, Flower numerous,
small, star-form, greenish-yellow, scentless. Corol ; tube
scarcely any ; segments of the border spreading ; margins
revolute, downy: Nectarial sheath surrounding the fruc-
_ tification, asin the genus, the whole small, and globu-
lar, Anthers’ ‘oval, Beiariaag bent up over the common
stigma. |
Loe. ee
Asclepias. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA, 39.
12. A. pseudosarsa, R.
Shrubby, twining, filiform. Leaves from ovate to li-
near, smooth, shining. Spikes axillary, sessile, imbricate.
Follicles linear.
Ceropegia tenuifolia, Linn. Mant. 346.
Periploca indica, Willd, 1, 1251. when broad leaved,
Periploca emetica, the wild one. 1251, Retz. obs. 2. No.
34. when narrow leaved.
Naru-nindi. Rheed. mal, 10, t. 34. very ane
Ununta-mool of the Hindoos when the leaves are broad,
and Sada-boari when narrow.
Palla-soucandee is the Telinga name for the narrow
leaved parts, and Ghodie soucandee for the broad leaved.
It is one of the most common, twining shrubs on the
Coast, Bengal, &c. grows equally well in every unculti-
vated soil, and in all situations. Flowers during the wet
season. a it
Root long, and slender with fow vuinameations, cover-
ed with rust coloured bark, which possesses a peculiar-
ly pleasant sort of fragrance, whether fresh or dried.
Stems twining, diffuse, or climbing, woody, slender, gene-
rally from the thickness of a goose quill, to that of a crow
quill, pretty smooth, Leaves opposite, short petioled,
shape very various ; on the young shoots that issue from
old routs, and lie on the earth they are linear, acute, and
striated down the middle with white; on the superior,
and old branches, they are generally broad-lanceolate,
even, sometimes ovate or oval; all are entire, smooth,
shining, and of a firm texture, the length and breadth very
various. Stipules four-fold, small, on each side of each
petiole, caducous. Racemes axillary, sessile, imbricated
' with flowers, and then with scales like bractes Flowers
small ; outside green, inside a deep purple. Calyx divisi-
ons acute. Corol flat ; divisions oblong, pointed, inside _
rugose. Nectary, stamens, and pistil as in Fe oes
Follicles long, slender, spreading.
40 _ PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Asclepias.
The Hindoos make two species of this plant on ac-
count of the variety of the leaves; and I long thought
they were so, till searching more narrowly, and taking up
many of the roots. I then frequently found every varie-
ty of the leaves on different branches, issuing from the
same root ; which confirmed me in their being one plant. .
This is probably what Retz calls name P. Emetica but I
am pretty clear Dr. Konig did not give it that name. To
the best of my remembrance, he always conceived the
broad leaved to be P. Indica, and the narrow to be Cero-
_ pegia tenuifolia, The plant sometimes employed as.a
substitute for Ipecacuana, is what Konig described un-
der the name Asclepias vomitoria; a drawing and des-
cription of it will be found in my collections, viz. N. 608.
Asclepias asthmatica, The roots, whether dried or fresh,
have a pleasant, peculiar fragrance, which I cannot des-
cribe, 'Yhey are known on the Coromandel coast by the
name. of country Sarsaparilla ; and as such were often
employed by our Medical Gentlemen. |The natives em-
ploy them in medicine more than we do, particularly for
the thrush in children, For this disorder the dried bark is
reduced to a fine powder, and fried in butter; the propor-
tion uncertain, as is often the case with Hindoo prescrip-
tions, the quantities being in general guessed ; about a
dram of this is given, night and morning. They are also
employed, with some other roots in the cure of venereal
complaints,
18, A. rosea, R. .
Leaves linear, smooth ; Racemes. ee thas ‘the leaves.
_Corols fringed with Tey Follicles inflated.
__ Periploca esculenta, Will. 1.1250. R.Corom. pl. 1. N. 11.
_ Periploca esculenta of Konig. See Suppl. plant, 168,
_ Dooghdika, (or milk plant ;) is its Sanscrit name. See
Asiatic ‘Researches, 4, 268,
Beng. Kirui, Doodhee, Doodh-luta.
Asclepias. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. AL
Teling. Doodee-palla.
Tt is a twining perennial ; growing in hedges, and a-
mongst bushes on the banks of water courses, pools, &c.
Leaves deciduous during the dry season. In flower and
foliage during the rainy season. fi onl
Root of filiform fibres. Stem and branches numerous,
twining, round, smooth, running over bushes of conside-
rable size. Leaves opposite, spreading, short-petioled, li-
near, tapering to a fine point, round at the base, entire,
smooth, from four to six inches long, and about three
eighths of an inch broad, Racemes lateral, long, few-
flowered. Flowers large, beautiful, white, with a small
tinge of rose-colour, and striated with purple veins, in-
odorous, Nectary, and Stamens as in the genus. Follicles
oblong, inflated.
On this Coast 1 do not find the natives ever eat it, or
apply it to any purpose whatever ; cattle however eat it.
Its elegant flowers render it well deserving of a place in
the flower Garden. Every part abounds with milk, —
its names in various Asiatic languages.
‘14, A. tenuissima. R.
Filiform, smooth. Leaves linear-lanceolate. Umbels
proliferous, Genitalia a truncated cone.
A native of Bengal.
~ Stem perennial, simple, of several yards in length,
very smooth, about as thick as a pack thread. Leaves
opposite, short-petioled, linear-lanceolate, base rather
broad, and somewhat cordate, entire, plain, smooth on
both sides; almost veinless; length from one to two inches,
and a little more than a quarter ofan inch broad, Petioles
nearly round, about as long as the leaves are broad.*Um-
bels solitary, from between the insertion of each pair of
leaves, proliferous. Peduncles diverging, round, smooth,
“3 Siiform. Flowers small, of i dull poe colour. — Calyx
42 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. - Asclepias...
smooth, deeply cut into five, narrow, acute divisions.
Corol rotate ; division ovate, oblong, obtuse.
15. A. parasitica, R.
Parasitic, perennial, creeping. Leaves ovate-lanceo- .
late, fleshy, drooping. Umbels simple. globular ; nectary
concave, stellate, protruding five ovate rays at the top.
Thischarming species is a native of the Sunderbund, or
forestin the estuary of the Ganges, where it grows on trees, -
creeping up, and over their trunks and branches to an
extent of some fathoms; emitting roots from every part,
which take fast hold of the parent tree. The first plant.
brought into the Botanic garden at Calcutta died when -
planted in the ground; but when fied to trees and their
roots fixed in any cavity or fork where some humidity
and nourishment was to be found, they grew well, though
slowly, and blossomed during the hot season, and about
the beginning ofthe rains in June. I have, however, reared
them in common earth since. Bi
Leaves opposite, petioled, retrofracted, ovutecialnse:
late, acute, of a firm fleshy texture, and smooth on
both sides ; veins scarcely conspicuous above, and invi-
sible underneath; from two to four inches long, and
about one broad. Petioles short, round, ash-coloured, in
fact, more like a part of a branch than a petiole. Pedun-
cles solitary, interfoliaceous, round, smooth, about aninch ©
and a halflong, each supporting a most elegant, droop-
ing, globular umbel, of the most beautiful, exquisitely
fragrant, rather small, pearl-coloured flowers. Calyx ;
leaflets linear, scarcely half the length of the corol. Corol
wheel-shaped, with the divisions cordate. Nectary con-
cave, stellate, protruding five ovate, thick fleshy horns, or
rays at the the top. Stamens as | inthe genus. The pericarp
has not a been found,
Asclepias, -PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 43
Section 2nd. Corols Salver-shaped.
16. A. tinctoria. R.
Leaves petioled, long-cordate. Thyrses axillary, soli-
tary, glomerate; mouth of the Corol hairy. Fructification
-oblong.
_ Faroom-akkar. Marsden’s history of Sumatra, page 78.
The natives of the coast of Coromandel have no name
for it, the plant being foreign to them.
The following description, andthe accompanying draw-
ings were taken from plants raisedin my Garden at Sa-
mulcota, the original of which Colonel Kyd sent me from
_.the Company’s Botanical Garden at Calcutta. With me
it is a large twining shrub and has flowered during the
hot and rainy seasons, It is quickly and easily propagat-
_ed by layers, and cutings. I have not seen the pericarp.
. Stem and branches twining, round. Bark of the woody
parts ash-coloured ; that of the young parts alittle downy.
Leaves opposite, petioled, horizontal, or rather reclining,
cordate, or oblong-cordate, obtuse-pointed, a little downy;
some-what bubbled, waved ; from four to nine inches long,
and from two to six broad, There are some small subulate
glands on the upper side close to the base ; these while
young yield a waxy substance. Petioles round, from one
to two inches long. Stipules none. Thyrses solitary, be-
_ , tween the leaves, peduncled ; as they become old glome-
rate, from their increasing length. Flowers very numer-
ous, pedicelled, very small, yellow. Bractes minute. Calyx
five-leaved ; leaflets oblong, downy. Corol fannel-formed,
_ tube short, eibone ; mouth nearly shut up with long sil-
ver-coloured hairs, Border horizontal. Nectary, &c.
agree well with the general character of the genus,
‘The leaves of this plant yield Indigo, as mentioned by
Mr. Marsden, and by Mr. Blake, in the first volume of
the Asiatic Researches. I have also extracted it fromt
_. them by hot water. _ The few op ReTiments f ieee
s ¥2
44 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Asclepias.
made, do not enable me to say positively in what pro-
portion they yield their colour; but it was ofan excellent
quality, and as the plant grows very readily from layers,
slips, or cuttings, I think it very well worthy of being cul-
tivated ; particularly as itis permanent, like the Nerium,
so that a plantation once formed, well continue for a num-
ber of years; and if we are allowed to draw a compari-
son between the leaves of this plant, and those of Neri-
um tinctorium, the quantity of colour they may yield will
be in a larger proportion than from the common Indigo
plant.
Since writing the above I have learned that this plant
is a native of Cooch-bahar and I had some of the plants
sent me from thence, also from Pegu, from.whence Ihave
likewise received plants.
Some more experiments I have made with the leaves,
comfirm what is above related, not only respecting the
quality of the Indigo, but also that the proportion is con-
siderably greater than is obtained from Indigofera tinc-
toria, I have therefore warmly recommended an exten-
sive cultivation thereof,
17. A. echinata, R. :
Hairy. Leaves long-petioled, round-cordate, pointed,
' downy. Unmbels proliferous, long-peduncled. Follicles
covered with inoffensive prickles, Fructification clavate.
Cynanchium extensum, Willd. 1. 1257.
Pergularia. Lamarck’s illust. t. 176.
Hind. Sagowani.
Teling. Jutuga.
This is also a perennial, senile es species, a native of
hedges, &c. flowering time the wet, and cold season; it
abounds with milky juice. Tender parts hairy. The
smell offensive, Leaves opposite, petioled, broad-
cordate, with a deep sinuosity at the base ; and semiorbi-
cular lobes ; entire, pointed, very downy, from two to —
Asclepias. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA, 45
three inches long. Petioles nearly as long as the leaves.
Umbels lateral, long-peduncled, sub-erect, often com-
pound, many-flowered. Involucres few and minute. Flow-
ers middle sized, of a dirty whitish colour, long-pedicelled,
very fetid. Coroltubular; tube not quite half the length
of the nectary ; apexes of the five divisions long, very
acute, and spirally incurved over the common stigma.
Anthers spreading obliquely under the margins of the
common stigma. Follicles hedge-hogged.
18, A. geminata, R.
Leaves ovate, downy. Umbels simple in pairs from
alternate axils. Nectary a simple, five-toothed tube ;
common stigma subglobular.
Beng. Choota-doodee-luta,
This is also a large twining woody plant; a native of
hedges, Flowering time the same as that of the last
species. Leaves opposite, short-petioled, ovate, pointed ;
at the base a little cordate, entire, downy, from two to
three inches long. Umbels lateral, simple, globular,
paired, short-peduncled, thewhole being little more than
the length of the petioles. Flowers numerous, small,
yellow, with the globular apex of the white common
stigma projecting in the centre; it looks like a fine pearl
set in gold, Calyx five-leaved. Corol ; tubular, downy ;
on the inside of the tube are five elevated ridges ; divisi-
ons of the border spreading, triangular, acute. Nectarial
sheath very simple, its apex reaches very little above
the base of the common stigma, and is five-toothed.
Anthers erect, aflixed round the base of the common
stigma, which is large, obovate, and two-thirds above
the nectary.
19, A. montana, R. s
Leaves oblong, pointed, smooth, Umbels lateral, sole :
ry, — Common stigma globular, — : wee eee
46 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Asclepias,
This is: another large, woody, twining plant; a native
of mountainous tracts,
Leaves opposite, petioled, oblong, pointed, entire,
smooth on both sides ; about five inches long. Umbels so-
litary, lateral, compound, longer than the petioles. Invo-
lucres lanceolate, Flowers numerous, middle sized, whit-
ish, Calyx five parted. Corol tubular ; tube five-sided ;
on the inside are five pair of elevated, hairy ridges; di-
vions of the border linear, Nectary, stamens, and stig-
ma, asin A. geminata,
20. A. longistigma. R.
Leaves oblong. Panicles axillary, dichotomous : divi-
sions of the corols linear ; common stigma sublanceolate ;
and elevated above the nectary. Stem twining, woody,
smooth ; young shoots covered with dark rust coloured
down. Leaves opposite, petioled, oval, waved, pointed,
of a smooth, shining; firm texture ; when very young
covered with the same rusty down. Petioles short,
generally crooked, covered with rust-coloured hairs. Pa-
nicles axillary, solitary, dichotomous, much shorter than
the leaves. Flowers yellow, fragrant. Corol tubular ;
divisions of the border linear, a little twisted. Stigma
common, green, oblong, pointed, elevated high above
the nectary, only its base where the anthers are attach- .
ed, is enveloped by the apex of the nectary.
:*
21. A. odorotissima, R.
Bark of the woody parts suberose. wa cordate, aut
though not downy. Nectary and organs of fructification
shorter than the tube of the corol, whichis wooly within.
Stigma subglobular. :
Pergularia odoratissima. Smith’s coloured figures of
rare plants; fasc. 3. N.16. |
Pergularia Minor B, M, N. 759. oa at
7m F *
i ER Ped oa a
Asclepias. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 47
Flos Siamicus. Rumph. Amb. 7. t. 26 f. 1.
Mal. Tonki, or Tonkin,
Cynanchium odoratissimum. Lour. Cochin. Ch. 164.
Beng. Kunja-luta,
The Telingas have no name for it. ,
Eng. West coast creeper.
This plant is said to have been originally introducd
into our gardens from Sumatra, where it continues to be
carefully cultivated ; hence its English name, the West.
side of that Island on which we have our settlements, be-
. ing generally called in India, amongst the English, the
West coast. .
For my part I cannot well consider this plant as a-spe-
cies of Pergularia ; it seems to uuite the character of this
genus with that of Asclepias. |The nectary which I be-
lieve is the most essential part, is that of the latter ; and
the corol that of the former. At all events I consider it
asa perfectly distinct species from P. tomentosa ; on ac-
count therefore of the exquisite fragrance of its flowers, I
call it odoratissima, It is in flower from the beginning of
the hot, till near the end of the wet season. The Root con-.,
sists of many, horizontal, crooked, ramifications, covered
with thick spongy bark.
Stems twining, wood y. Bark deeply cracked, il cor-
ky on the old parts ; smooth, ash-coloured on the young-
er, jointed ; where the joints rest on the ground they
strike root ; young, tender shoots slightly downy. Leaves
opposite, petioled, cordate, waved, sharp-pointed, entire ;
when young a little downy, aboui four inches long, and
three broad, Petioles round, about an inch long. Umbels
axillary, solitary, alternate, shorter than the leaves, ma-
ny-flowered. Bractes lanceolate, Flowers middle-sized,
yellow, or orange coloured, exeedingly fragrant. Calyx
‘five cleft ; divisions waved, permanent, Corol ; tube per.
bous, longer than the calyx; inside covered with soft —
down, Border spreading ; divisions cbtiqualy-snmeie#
*
48 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Asclepias.
bove convex. Nectary, five bodies surrounding the pis-
tillum, firmly united at the base but tapering from thence
upwards into a sharp point. A single one detached, and
veiwed side ways, is seen to be split more than half way
down, and the exterior lamina is again half two cleft;
the interior is concave, pressing upon the anthers, (yellow
scales,) and receives from them a coloured impression.
Stamens asin the genus. Germs two, ovate. Styles scarce-
- Jy any ; common stigma turbinate, round the upper part of
which the five pair of yellow anthers are fixed to its —
five minute, dark brown, hairy angles. follicles two, .—
large, oblong, tapering toa point. Seeds numerous, im-
bricate, ovate, compressed, surrounded with a membra- .
naceous wing, aud crowned with a long coma, Recepta-
cle cylindric, spongy, free.
22 A. pallida, R.
Leaves long-cordate, smooth. Umbels short-peduncled,
simple or compound ; tube of the corol gibbous, length of
the oval genitalia ; segments of the border lincar. Fol-
licles smooth, lanceolate,
A native of various parts of India. Flowering time, the
rainy season. It has a great resemblance to Vahl’s Per-
gularia purpurea, ‘The flowers are pale yellow, and not
fragrant, or in a very small degree. :
Stems ligneous, perennial, twining up and over trees of
considerable size. Young shoots round, slender, and —
clothed with small, soft recurved hairs. Leaves opposite,
petioled, long-cordate, entire, acute, ‘smooth, but soft ;
three or four inches long, and less than one anda half, or
twobroad. Petioles an inch long, slender, villous, and
slightly channelled. Umbels between the leaves, (lateri-
folius,) very short-peduncled, often compound. Pedicles
longer than the peduncles, villous. Bractes ensiform, one __
under the insertion of each pedicel. Flowers numerous,
drooping, pale yellow, inodorous. —— five-parted,shor-
»
ee we , ase
eR et ETE mr os s_ *
Asclepias. . PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 49
ter_than the tube of the corol. Corol; tube gibbous,
outwardly rugose, otherwise smooth, particularly within,
Border of five, obliquely linear-oblong, revolute mar-
gined, spreading segments, which are at least twice the
length of the tube, Their length and narrowness, and
want of fragrance are the most obvious marks by which
to distinguish this species from A, odoratissima,
Genitalia oval, just the length of the tube of the corol.
Common stigma oblong, and almost entirely hid by the
inner lamina of the nectary, Follicles lanceolate, smooth,
23. A. laurifolia. R, gags
Twining. . Leaves petioled, oblong, polished. Panicles
- axillary, round, crowded. Corols subrotate ; genitalia
round-oval. Follicles slender, diverging horizontally.
A native of Chittagong, Tippera and the mountainous
countries east of Bengal. Flowering time in the Bota-
nic garden at Calcutta, the rainy season ; the seeds are
ripe in March.
Stem and branches shrubby, twining to a great extent,
Bark brown, and every part replete with a milky juice
‘which exudes from fresh wounds, Leaves opposite, pe-
tioled, oblong, entire, some obtusely cuspidate, some e-
marginate, ofa firm, somewhat fleshy texture, polished
on both sides; a range of dark coloured points where
joined to the petiole ; length from two to six inches, and
one or two broad, Petioles one-fourth the length of
the leaves round and smooth. Panicles laterifolius, soli-
tary, globular, crowded, much shorter than the leaves.
Peduncles about as jong as the petioles, round, villous,
with short, ferruginous hairs, Pedicels shorter but simi-
lar, Bractes minute, triangular. Flowers numerous, very
small, pale yellow. Calyx five-toothed. Corol sub-rotate ;
divisions of the border obliquely-oblong, hairy on the in-
side ; their margins meet only, and are not contorted as. :
in most species of this pny order. i
See Cd
50 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Asclepias.
Column of fructification, including the nectarium,
scarcely differing from the other Asclepiadie will not
therefore require to be particularized. = Follicles slender,
diverging horizontally, round, about as thick as a goose
quill where thickest, and about five inches long, obtuse,
dotted with small, scabrous specks, otherwise smooth,
and brown, Seeds cuneiform. Tuft or coma very long, de-
licately fine, and white. Integument single, smooth, brown, |
adhering firmly to the perisperm which is in small quanti-
ty, and pale coloured. Embryo straight, inverse. Co tyle-
dons linear-oblong. Radicle cylindric, pote to the
coma or tuft,
24, A. micrantha. R.
Twining, smooth. Leaves petioled, oval, rather obtuse,
long, acuminate, tumid. Panicles sub-axillary, globu-
lar ; corols companulate, stellate, villous. Genitalia sub-
globular. A large, perennial, twining, delicate plant,
a native of Hindoostan, from the vicinity of Cawnpore.
Colonel Hardwicke sent it to the Botanic Garden at Cal-
cutta, where it blossoms during the rains.
~
25. A. herbacea. R.
Herbaceous, erect, Leaves petioled, oblong. Umbels
compound, Corols with globular tube, which enclose the
genitalia. ;
This is probably Sir William Jones’s Padmarka, see
Asiatic Researches, vol. 4, page 267, It is a native of the
interior parts of Bengal, and was introduced into this gar-
den by Dr. William Carey.
- Root perennial, ligneous. Stems herbaceous, straight,
with scarcely any branches. Bark of the oldest parts, light
ash colour, of the young shoots green. Leaves opposite,
petioled, oblong, entire, smooth on both sides, pale green,
underneath more so; there are four or five minute bristly,
glands on the upper surface of the niiddle nerve near
+4 A get
Asclepias. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 51
the base. Petioles about an inch long, channelled, smooth.
Umbels between the leaves, compound, peduncled. Pe-
duncles short, round, smooth. Pedicels twice as long as
the peduncles, one-flowered. Bractes subulate ; mixed
amongst the insertions of the pedicels, Flowers numerous,
large, colour a most beautiful mixture of purple, red-pur-
ple and white. Calyx five-leaved ; leaflets linear, acute,
’ scarcely half the length of the corol. Corol ; tube globular,
Segments of the border three-angular, (not contorted.)
Nectarium as in Asclepias gigantea, but shorter. Indeed
the whole plant comes so exceedingly near that beautiful
species, that by a common observer it may be taken for
the same, though very different, particularly in having
petioled leaves, and a globular tube the corol. Follicles
two; but I have not seen any that were full grown.
_ Like Asclepias gigantea, and most other plants of the
same order, every part is replete with much acrid, milky
26. A. tenacissima. R.
Leaves \ong-petioled, exactly-cordate, fine-pointed,
villous. Panicles drooping. Genitalia obovate. Follicles
ovate-oblong, obtuse, tomentose. .
This plant is a native of the mountains near Rajemahl,
and the fibres of its bark are employed by the inhabitants Fe
to make their bow strings. ?
notice of in 1 1800 by Mr. w. ikea) junior, job '
wild on the above mentioned hills, and by him introduc-_
ed into the Botanic Garden at Calcutta, where the plants :
thrive luxuriantly, blossom in April, and ripen their
seed about ten months afterwards. ,
Stem perennial, twining over trees, &c. to a very great
extent, and in general about as thick asa large ratan,
7 po oa bad young shoots downy. From wounds tl
fiat, 2 Seema tin tees
52 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Asclepias.
exudes a milky juice, which thickens into an elastic sub-
stance, very like Caoutchouc and rubs out blacklead pen-
- cillines as readily as that does, and I think may be reckon-
ed an additional species of it. Leaves opposite, the pairs in
luxuriant shoots (fit for flax,) very remote, petioled, ex-
actly cordate, acute-pointed, entire, very soft, with much
fine down on both sides; general length from four to six
inches, and from three to four broad. Petioles round,
downy; from two to four inches long. Panicles interfoli-
aceous, large, drooping, composed of alternate, drooping
branches, of numerous, small umbellets, of beautiful green-
ish yellow flowers. Bractes minute, two or three under the
insertion of the fascicles of flowers which compose the
umbellets. Calyx deeply five-cleft ; divisions rather more
than half the length of the tube of the corol, and downy
on the outside. Corol salver-shaped. Divisions of the
border obliquely oval, with apices rounded, greenish to-
ward the centre, with the exterior half yellow. Column
of fructification short-clavate, about as long as the
tube of the corol, with the white apex of the common
stigma naked, Follicles ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, nearly
round, with a groove on the inside, clothed with much soft,
velvet-like green down ; about six inches long, and from
four to five in circumference where thickest. Seeds nu-
merous, obovate, thin, with a broad membranaceous mar-
gin, and long soft silky pappus.
The bark of the young luxuriant shoots yields a lange
portion of beautiful fine silky fibres, with which the moun- .
taineers of Rajemahl make their bow strmgs,on account. ~
of their great strength, and durability.
During the rains, they cut the shoots into denen at
the insertion of the lea, es, peel off the bark, and with
their nails, or a bit of stick on a board, remove the pulpy
part. A person accustomed to this work, will, f am told, .
clean as much as six pounds of the fibres in one day. |
_ These fibres, and those of the bark of the Malay Haat:
Asclepias. PENTANDRIA DIGNYIA. 53
Battang-callooce, or poolas (Urtica tenacissima, R.) are
by far the strongest fibres which I have met with in the
vegetable kingdom, far exceeding those of the leaves of,
my Sanseviera Zeylanica. A line made of common hemp,
for a standard, broke with 158 pounds when dry, and 190
when wet; the average of several trials. A similar line
of this substance broke with 248 when dry, and 343 when .
-wet, while one of Battang-callooee broke with 240 when
dry, and 278 when wet.
27. <A. tingens. Buch.
Leaves cordate. Racemes spiral, sub-axillary. Fructifi-
cations cochleari-cylindric, Stigma oval, crowning the
tube of the corol.
A large, twining, shrubby plant, brought from Pegue to
the Botanic Garden at Calcutta, by Dr. Buchanan. Flow-
ering time the rainy season ; seed ripe the May follow-
ing.
Stem twining, woody, wath numerous, twining, smooth
branches, extending far over whatever supporters they
meet with. Bark pretty smooth, when young brownish ;
when old,ash-coloured, Leqves opposite, petioled, cordate,
entire, pointed, smooth on both sides, from three to six
inches long, and from two to four broad. Petioles about an
inchlong, channelled, smooth. Umbeils sub-axillary, short-
peduncled, compound. When they begin to blossom, the |
inflorescence is a perfect umbel, but becomes a long, shin-
ing, spiral raceme. Pedicels rather longer than the pedun-
cles, one-flowered, smooth, diverging in all directions.
Flowers numerous, pale yellow or cream colour when
they first expand, but grow gradually darker. Calyx to.
the base five-cleft. Corol ; tube as long as the fructifica-.
tion ; on the inside run five double ridges, which are ci- |
liated with short brown hairs. Border expanding ; divi- :
_ sions obliquely oval. Nectary as in the genus, with the |
cordate divisions of its mouth covering the sti find =,
2
54 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Asclepias,
lower part of the stigma. Stumina ; receptacles affixed
to the base of the stigma. Anthers nearly erect. Style sin-
gle. Stigma globular, smooth, pearl-coloured, half hid
in the mouth of the tube, round its underside ten pits are
found, corresponding with the ten anthers. — Follicles o-
vate-lanceolate, spreading, smooth, and fleshy, length.a-
bout four inches, and one in diameter where thickest.
_ Dr. Buchanan informed me that from the leaves of this.
plant, the Burman people prepare a green dye. It is
probable that those people forgot to inform the Doctor
that it was necessary to dye the cloth yellow, either
before or after the application of the colour prepared from
the leaves of this plant ; in which case it will be the se-
cond species of Asclepias described, and figured by me,
which yields Indigo; though, for my own part, 1 have not
succeeded in proctring that material from the leaves.
28, A. pulchella. R.
Shrubby, twining. Leaves long-petioled, round-cordate
acuminate, smooth. Racemes long-peduncled ; . “genitalia.
subcylindric, ‘with ‘the fiye exterior lamina of the nec-
tary long, and subulate ; converging into an open dome
high over the common stigma.
Ada-kodien. Rheed. mal, 9. t. 7. would be a tolerably
good representation of this elegant plant, if the fascicles
of flowers were long-peduncled. :
It is anextensive, perennial, twining species, a native
of the forests of Silhet, where it is called Kulum. Flower-.
ing time, tlie rainy scason. :
Stems and branches twining ; young shoots "perfectly.
smooth and deep green, Leaves opposite, long-petioled,
cordate, entire, smooth, acuminate, from four to eight .
inches long, and from three to six broad. Hacemes very
long-peduncled, sometimes proliferous ; by age the rachis :
lengthens into the form of a short raceme. Flowers very. :
ee, pure whi s ee, Calyx. five- yarted,
Melodinus. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA,. 50
smooth, Corol five-parted rotate ; segments oblong, in the
bud imbricated. Necfary subcylindric ; exterior lamina
membranaceous, ensiform, ending in long, fine, acute
points, which converge over the stigma, their texture
horny and polished ; in their retuse tops, are the pits
where the anthers are lodged. Germs two; Style short ;
cummon stigma five-angled ; to the points of the angles
the five-ovate, hard, polished, chesnut-coloured bodies
are attached, which give substantial support to the five
pairs of large, oval anthers, by means of their thick,
short, polished chesnut-coloured, cyathiform pedicels,
29. A. acuminata. R.
‘Ligneous parts with suberous bark. Leaves ovate-ob-
long, acuminate, above polished, villous underneath. Um-
bels paired in the alternate axils, sub-globular, crowded.
Mouth of the corol with five incurved glands,
A large scandent, and twining perennial, with the bark |
of the trunk, and old woody parts particularly spongy,
and deeply split. The young shoots villous. Umbellets,
in pairs, sub-axillary, and never in opposite axils;
crowded with small, white, short-pedicelled flowers. Lt is
a native of the forests of Chittagong, and from thence was
introduced into the Botanic Garden at Calcutta, where it
pinto eaout the beginning of the Bis season.
bas YESS Ere ha VERT
MELODINUS. Schreb. po n. 425.
Calyx five-parted. Corol infundibuliform ; mouth
crowned with five simple, or divided scales. Gein
perior, two-celled ; ovu/a numerous, attached to the thick, ae
elevated centre of the partition. Berry two-celled, seeds
numerous, immersed in pulp. Embryo furnished with a
seen; adicle centripetal.
56 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA., Melodinus.
1; M. monogynus. R.
Shrubby, scandent. Leaves opposite, lanceolate, glanc-
ing, acuminate. Panicles axillary, and terminal, sub-
globular, crowded, brachiate. Nectarial scales five, un-
divided,
Sadul kou is the vernacular name in Silhet, where it is
found indigenous in the forests, climbing over trees, &c.
Flowering time the month of April. Seed ripe in October
and November. It is eaten by the natives ; the taste of the
firm pulp in which the seeds are immersed is sweet and a-
greeable to the taste. |
Young shoots round, and smooth, lactescent. Leaves
opposite, short-petioled, lanceolate, shining, entire, acu-
minate, from three to six inches long and one or two broad.
Stipules none. Panicles terminal, and from:the exterior
axils, subglobular, brachiate ; extreme divisions three-
flowered. Bractes oblong, acuminate. Flowers pretty
- large, white and fragrant. Calyx of five, smooth, oval, per-
manent leaflets. Corol infundibuliform ; segments of the
border five, subfalcate, Mouth of the dab crowned with
five, undivided, wooly, ensiform scales. Filaments five,
short, inserted Hi the tube of the corol near. the base, .
Anthers sagittate, lodged rather below the middle of the
tube, opening on the sides below the apex. Germ superi«
or, two-celled, with many ovula in each, attached to ele-
vated receptacles on the middle of the partition. Style
short, and undivided. Stigma clammy, subovate, em-
braced by the anthers, apex slender, and bifid. Berries
of a round, somewhat four-cornered shape, size and
appearance of a small, deep-coloured, very smooth o-
range ; two celled. |The whole very inviting to the eye,
the firm pulp in which the seeds are immersed is palat-.
able, and is eaten by the natives where the plants grow.
Seeds numerous, long, ovate, considerably compressed,
size of a cucumber seed. -Integument besides the pulp. of
the berry two ; exterior rugose, thick, dark brown 5 inte-
Willughbeia. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 57
terior membranaceous, Perisperm conform with the seed.
Embryo straight. Cotyledons oval. Radicles cylindric,
centripetal.
WILLUGHBEIA. Schreb. pen. n. 417.
- Calyx five-toothed. Corol hypocrateriform. Stigma
capitate. Germ superior, one-celled ; ovula many, attach-
ed to two opposite parietal receptacles. Berry one-cell-
ed. Seeds few, nidulent. Embryo without perisperm.
W. edulis. R.-
Shrabby, scandent. Leaves opposite, oblong; acumi-
nate, Flowers in small axillary fascicles. Berries very
large, spherical.
Luti-am, is the vernacular name in Chittagong, Silhet,
&c. where it grows to an immense size, running over the
largest trees. It is in flower and fruit nearly the whole year.
Bark of the trunk and large branches of large, old plants,
above half an inch thick, inwardly dark brown; surface
tubercled ; taste somewhat astringent. Leaves opposite,
short-petioled, oblong, acuminate, entire, polished, veins
simple, and parallel; length from three to five inches, and
the breadth one ortwo, Peduncles axillary and terminal
solitary, short, each supporting a few middling sized, pale
pink-coloured, short-pedicelled flowers, forming small fas-
cicles. oe ceo al at the base of each siege she
ate. Corol one-petalled, ‘infin bolifrh's tibe § gibbous
near the middle where the stamina are aged, a little
hairy on the inside ; border of five, sublanceolate, smooth,
expanding segments which are imbricated in the bud. Fi-
laments short, inserted into the tube of the corol, a little
above its base. Anthers subsagittate, but do not adhere to
each other, on each side a polliniferous groove. Germ su-
perior, ovate, smooth, one-celled ; ovula many, attached to
— —_— pamonge. Style abort. © :
58 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Chenopodium,
conical, and closely embraced by the anthers. Berry, the
size of a large lemon, subovate, covered with a thick,
friable, pretty smooth, brownish yellow cortex, one-celled.
Seeds many, nidulent, in a soft, yellowish pulp, which is
intermixed with softer cottony fibres; size, of a small
garden bean; shape, various. Integuments two, exterior
rather fleshy, and seems to furnish the soft fibres with
which the pulp is intermixed ; interior thin and friable. —
Perisperm none. Embryo ; cotyledons conform to the seed,
of a firm, straw colour with a tinge of pink, while fresh ; if
- wounded, a quantity of milk exudes which soon becomes
bad..Caoutchouc. Radicle small, roundish, vaga,
Every part of the plant on being wounded discharges
copiously a very pure white viscid juice which is soon,
by exposure to the open air changed into an indifferent
kind of elastic rubber, or caoutchouc. The fruit is eaten
by the natives where it grows, and is by them reckoned
good,
CHENOPODIUM. Schreb. gen. n. 435.
_ Calyx beneath, five-leaved, or five-parted, permanent.
Corol none. Seed solitary, covered with a thin mem-
brane, and closely embraced by the permanent calyx,
1. C. album. Willd. 1302,
- Annual, erect, from two to eight feet high. pp at “st
petioled broad, trowel-shaped, obtuse, toward the posterior
angles dentate, lobate, mealy, Panis fonpinak, erect,
- contracted, leafy.
Beng. Betu-sag ; used by the natives for a pot herb.
It is common in Bengal and many other parts of India.
2. C. viride, Willd. 1. 1303.
Annual, erect, from two to nine feet high, Sains sales ‘4
tioled, narrow trowel-shaped, toward the posterior angles
ee
Beta. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. «69
dentate-lobate, mealy while young. Panicles terminal,
erect, contracted, leafless, very minute.
In India we have two varieties of this species ; one en-
tirely green ; the other with the angles of the stem and
branches ‘of a beautiful purple colour, and the leaves, and
the mealy panicles somewhat reddish. The leaves of
both, as well as those of album are eaten by the natives,
and are very frequently cultivated by them for that end.
3. C. laciniatum. R. ~
Annual, erect, three or four feet high. Leaves lonpyibitiel.
ed, multifid, mealy. Panicles terminal, erect, contracted.
Common in the vicinity of Calcutta during the dry
season, |
BE TA. Schreb. gen, n. 436.
Calyx five-leaved. Corol none. Seeds reeniora; within
the substance of the base of the calyx. ie
B. bengalensis. R.
Annual, erect ; inferior leaves, petioled and trowel-
shaped ; superior, sessile, and lanceolate. Flowers in
pairs ; leaflets of the calyx, Squat and not toothed.
Beng. Palung. —
I cannot be certain whether this differs from maritima
so much as to render it necessary to make it a distinct
species; ‘however, I think it may, as it. always” i abebiteg
erect, and with its numerous branches nearly so. Ttis: :
much cultivated by the natives of Bengal and the north~
ern Circars. The leaves they use in their stews, &e,
Flowering time the cold season.
Root ramous, annual. Stem erect, ramous, hinvtiteke,,
smooth, pale green, the whole height from one to three _
feet. Leaves alternate, the lowermost large, petioled, —
- trowel-shaped, and— Tunning down the petioles, smooth
60 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Salsola,
leaves small, subsessile, incurved, nearly lanceolate,
and with curled margins. Spikes very long. Flowers
rather remote, always in pairs, Calyx ; leaflets equal,
without teeth, or process of any kind; margins mem-
branaceous. Filaments inserted into a ring round the
flower. Styles from two to four, short.
>
*
SALSOLA. Schreb. gen. n. 437.
Calyx five-leaved. Corol none. Capsules one-seeded.
Seed screw-shaped.
“1S. nudiflora, Willd. 1. 1313.
Prostrate, perennial. Leaves entire, linear, obtuse,
fleshy. Spikes terminal, long, ramous. Flowers fascicled,
trigynous.
Teling. Rawa-cada.
Itis a native of salt, barren lands near the ‘sea and
flowers the greater part of the year. _ nieg
Stems perennial, many, spreading close Pe the dein,
and often striking root, ramots, extremities of the
branches ascending; young parts smooth, and coloured
reddish. Leaves alternate, sessile, linear, fleshy, obtuse,
smooth, generally about half an inch long. Spikes ter-
minal, erect, very long, compound, Jeafless. Flowers
very numerous, collected in little fascicles. ‘Filaments
inserted into the bottom of the divisions of the calyx.
Styles three, spreading. Seeds smooth, horizontal, oval,
beaked, covered by a thin membrane, and that by the
permanent calyx. 2
This plant is very common in many places near the
sea; the natives gather it for fuel only. The taste is
strongly saline, no doubt it would yield good Fossil
alkali. How many valuable sources of wealth, and
happiness lie lost to the world, ce key parts of the
Salsola. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 61
Company’s Territorial possessions in India for want of
encouragement, and enterprizing men.
The two species of Salicornia, already described, and
this plant, might be made to yield barrilla suflicient to
make soap and glass for the whole world’; at the same
time such a work would give bread to thousands of poor
starving labourers ; which no doubt would greatly pro-
mote population, and the consumption of the productions
of these fertile countries ; for, except during years of re-
markable drought, there is always more grain produced
than can be sold on the spot, I will not say than can be
eaten, because few of the poorer classes can, at the best of
‘times procure a sufficiency of food during the dry season
of the year, when there is little or no employment for
them, It therefore appears the more necessary to insti-
tute such branches of manufacture as will employ those
people during the dry season ; such as oe these
plants and burning them for the Alkali.
Our extensive, and I may also’ say imnpenetrible fo-
rests (Jungle) which occupy such large tracts of the best
lands in India might by degrees be cleared, and turned
_into potash,. for the same reasons, and by the same
means. Certainly labour is as cheap here as in Russia,
where the largest quantities of that useful commodity are
made. In this hot climate we have many advantagesthat _
the Russian manufacturer must ever remain deprived of ;
viz, immense tracts of wood of the most solid texture which
requires little labour to prepare it for the fire, on account
ofthe great drought and heat which prevails at the sea-
son this manufacture could best be carried on. The same
heat and drought is fully sufficient to evaporate the ley,
without the least assistance of fire. All that could be ne-
cessary, would be some broad shallow vessels, exposed
to the sun, and wind. (In this manner would 1 recom.
mend the extract of my new Fever bark to be prepared.
- But to effect such highly interesting objects, the I abou!
62 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Salsola.
ofan individual however inclined to promote the public
good, can avail but little, when not powerfully and cor-
dially assisted by Government. The Spanish ministry
sensible of the value of that branch of commerce, has pro-
hibited the exportation of the seed of their best Barilla
plant, under the strongest nities. |
2. S. indica. Willd. 1. 1317.
Perennial, erect. Leaves linear, acute, semicylindrical,
fleshy. Spikes panicled, leaf bearing.
Teling. Ella-kura,
With C. prostratum, Salicornias, &c. a native of the
salt moist ground near the sea. It flowers during the’
most part of the year. —~
Stem ,woody, perennial, erect, very short, almost im-
- mediately branching out into many diffuse, alternate ra-
mifications which sometimes rest on the ground, but in
general they are sufliciently strong to support themselves,
Young branchlets erect. Leaves scattered round every
part of the branchlets, erect, approximate, sessile, li-
near, semicylindric, fleshy, smooth; half an inch Tong,
and one-twelfth broad. In young plants, green, in older,
coloured. Floral leaves shorter, and thicker. Spikes ter«
minal, erect, compound, or panicled, glomerate, leafy.
Flowers small, collected at the axills of the floral leaves.’
Calyx five-leaved ; leaflets outwardly semicylindric, with-
in concave ; margins slightly membranaceous. Styles”
two, or tonear the base two-cleft, hairy. Stamens shorter
than the calyx. Anthers globular, two-lobed. Seed hori-
zontal, beaked, enclosed in a tender membrane, which is
enveloped by the succulent calyx.
The green leaves of this species are universally eaten by
all classes of natives wholive near the sea, where it is to
be had ; itis reckoned very wholesome, and must be 80; as
during times of § scarcity and famine, it is a very essential
article of the food of the poor natives ; ~ dress it intheir
Celtis. | PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 63
curries, kc. The leaves of this plant alone, the natives
say, saved many thousand lives during the late famine
of 1791, 2, and3: for while the plant lasted, most of the
poorer classes who lived near the sea, had little else to
eat,
GOMPHRENA. Schreb. gen. n. 441.
Calyx coloured, exterior, three-leayed ; leaflets two,
converging, keeled. Petals five. Nectary cylindric, five-
toothed, Style half two-cleft. Capsules one-sceded,
* 1, G. globosa. Willd. 1. 1321. |
Annual, at first erect, by age diffuse. Leaves oyate-
lanceolate. Heads solitary. Peduncles two-leayed.
_ Sans. Amlana.
Hind. Lal idaho the crimson Soncied. va-
riety, Suffet gool-makhmiul, the white flowered. 3
Flos globosus. Rumph. amb. 5. t. 100 f. 2.
Wadapu. Rheed. mal. 10. t. 37.
InGardens over India where it blossoms during the
rainy and cold season, native place uncertain,
,
CELTIS. Schreb. gen. n. 1591.
_Pouycamous, HERMAPHRODITE. Calyx ae leaved,
Corol. none. Germ superior, one-celled, one-seeded,
attachment superior 2 Drupe one-seeded, Embryo | trans-
versely 1 inverse, with scanty Pperisperm, — :
MALE. Calyx five-six-parted. Cor ag Pe ieas, LE.
- Calyx five-six-parted. Drews and embryo as in the her-
Pepa
Be pay ST wea
aad 1008 obliquely ovate, lanceolate, oe cuspi |
th. Flowers axillary, triple, tetrandrous. sae
*
64 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Celtis.
A native of Nepal, from whence the seeds were sent
by Dr. Buchanan to this Garden in 1802; in March
1809 the trees began to blossom, and ripened their seed
in September ; they were then fifteen or twenty feet high,
with stout, short, rather crooked trunks, and smooth
ash-coloured bark. ‘Branches spreading much, and end-
ing in long, drooping, or horizontal twigs. Young shoots
bifarious, and slightly villous. Leaves alternate, bifa-
rious, short- petioled, obliquely ovate, lanceolate, the base
being unequally cordate, and entire; anterior margins
obtusely serrulate ; points taper, acute and entire, rather
smooth on both sides ; while young, colored, length about
three inches, by one and a quarter broad. Stipules li-
near-lanceolate, caducous. Peduncles axillary, tern,
longer than the petioles, one-flowered, —— one
hermaphrodite, and two male.
HERMAPHRODITE, Calyx, four-leaved. Stamina four,
longer than the calyx, and expanding with an elastic jerk,
asin urtica, &c. Germ, oblong, one-celled, with one seed
attached to the top of the cell. Styles two, recurvate,
thick. Drupe round, size of a pea, smooth, olive colour.
Nut obovate, apex obtuse ; base, acute, ribbed, one-
celled, Seed solitary. Integument single, thin, membrana-
ceous. Perisperm no other than a fleshy partial Integu-
ment, entering into the plaits of the cotyledons. Embryo, —
the size of the seed. Cotyledons variously folded. Radicle
sub-superior, that is ascending toward the umbilicus or
apex of the cell of the nut, &c. asin Laos occidentalis.
Gert. sem. 1. 374. t. 77.
_ Maue. Calyx and stamina as in the hermaphrodite.
No pistillum.
Note, C. occidentalis has flowered in this Garden, but
the filaments are short, and not endowed with that re-
markable elasticity of Gis Urtica, as in our Nepal pe
= eles. .
*
Celtis. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 65
2. C. orientalis. Willd. 4. 995,
Arboreous. Leaves bifarious, obliquely cordate, serrate,
five-pointed, villous underneath.
Papyrus spuria. Kemph. amom., 474, t. 472.
Beng. Chicon.
It is common over most parts of India, particularly in
Bengal, where it grows to be a small, erect tree, covered
with smooth, dark-coloured bark. It is in blossom the
greater part of the year. ‘
Leaves alternate, bifarious, short-petioled, ovate-cor-
date, fine-pointed, minutely serrate; above a little scab-
rous, villous and whitish underneath, Flowers axillary,
collected on short, common, two-cleft, diverging pedun-
cles. .
Mate, Calyx five-leaved, or_to the base five-parted,
Corol none. Stamens five, elastic, longer than the calyx.
Pistil an oval, abortive body, in the centre of the sta-
mens.
Female flowers generally on a separate tree, though
* sometimes androgynous. Calyx as in the male. Germ
oval, Styles two, hairy. Drupe small, succulent, when
ripe black. Nut rugose, with one cell, and one seed.
This tree is neither useful, nor ornamental, nor is it of
long duration.
3. C. trinervia. |
Arboreous. Leaves obliquely ovate-cordate, acuminate,
serrulate, three-nerved, smooth. Flowers pentandrous.
A middling sized tree, a native of Chittagong, where
it blossoms in February and March, about the time the
young foliage appears, and that of the former year begins
to fall.
Young shoots a 1 little villous, the bark of the old woo-
dy parts ash-coloured, with still lighter coloured vite =
ad = 2 seam oer ovate-ct 4
66 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Ulmus,
remotely serrulate, acuminate, smooth on both sides ;
length from four to six inches, and the breadth two and
a half. Stipules ensiform.
Maus. Flowers on small, open racemes from the base
of the young shoots, or solitary under the hermaphrodite
ones, small and not very conspicuous. Calyx five-leaved.
Corol none. Filaments, five, short, opposite to the leaflets
of the calyx. Anthers oval.
HERMAPHRODITE flowers on slender, wiidind: axil«
lary racemes, they are remote, and rather larger than
the male. Calyx and stamina as in the male. Germ su-
perior, ovate-oblong, one-celled, containing one ovula,
attached to one side of the top of the cell. Style scarcely
any. Stigmas two, spreading, large, and villous,
LJ
4. C. tomentosa. R.
Shrubby. Leaves long-cordate, acuminate, serrulate,
three-nerved, scabrous above, very downy Un dehaeea
Thyrses axillary short, and dense. :
Te of Chittagong where it flowers in April.
ULMUS. Schreb. gen. n. 443.
Calyx five-cleft. Corol none. Germ superior, one-celled,
one-seeded, superior. Capsules pedicelled, compressed,
membrane-winged, one-seeded. Embryo inverse without
perisperm.
1.0. lancifolia. R. Fa
Leaves obliquely-lanceolate, pes and sbiuscly ser
rulate, ‘obtusely acuminate, hard and lucid. Flowers
pedicelled, hexandrous. Capsules unequally obcordate,
pedicelled.
A large timber tina: anative of the hilly parts of the
Sal
province of Chittagong, where it flowers in March. Trunk —
erect. Branches many, sxlending far on every side.
Ulmus. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 67
Young shoots slender, smooth and drooping consider.
ably. Leaves bifarious, short-petioled, unequally lanceo-
late, very equally obtuse-serrate, of a very hard texture,
with a lucid surface; length from two to three inches;
about one broad, Stipules ensiform, caducous. Flowers
numerous, small, long-pedicelled, collected in little so-
litary fascicles in the lower axills, or in those of the
former year’s leaves. __ Pedicells slender, villous, one-
flowered. Bractes many, round the insertion of the pedi-
cells, oval, ciliate. Calyx campanulate, five-toothed,
smooth. Filaments, six, longer than the calyx, broad,
smooth, Anthers oval, two-lobed. Germ superior, while
in the calyx subsessile, but after it opens it becomes
pedicelled, oblong, one-celled, containing one ovula, at-
tached to the top ofthe cell. Styles two, short, broad, and
villous on the inner edge. Stigmas simple. Capsule pedi-
celled, unequally-obcordate, very thin, scariose, wing-
ed, nearly an inch each way, one-celled. Seed solitary,
oval, compressed. Integument single, thin, brown. Peris-
perm none. Embryo conform to the seed, inverse.
2. U. virgata. R.
Branchlets pendulous. Leaves lucid, obliquely-oblong,
equally serrate, base’ unequal. Flowers crowded, short
‘peduncled, tetrandrous. Fruit obliquely oval, sessile.
From China this beautiful, small slow growing tree,
was introduced into the Botanic Garden at Calcutta, by
Sir John Royds ; wherein about ten years, from the time
ofits arrival, it began to blossom in November, and ripen-
ed its seed in February. pedi: ve
Trunk in trees of ten or twelve years growth, nearly
erect, short, and not thicker than a man’s leg, Branches
few, spreading much; many of the extreme branchlets run
out into very long, slender, pendulous twigs. Bark of
the young parts lighter coloured, and a little scabrous.
‘Height of the whole tree about ten feet, Leaves alter-
12 ie ee oe oS
68 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Ulmus,
nate, bifarious, short-petioled, obliquely oblong, equally,
and obtusely serrate, obtuse, of a hard or firm texture,
and somewhat scabrous, yet shining on the upper sur-.
face, length one or two inches, and about half of that
in breadth, Stipules ensiform, caducous. Flowers axil-
lary, minute, several together, short-peduncled. Bractes
several, roundish, hard, dry, dark brown, concave scales
embracing the flowers before expansion, caducous. Calyx
four, or five-parted ; segments rounded, thin, and perma-
nent, Corol none, Filaments four, or five; four most com-
mon, rather longer than the germ. Anthers large, two-lob-
ed. Germ obliquely oval, one-celled, with one ovula at-
tached to the top of the cell. Styles none. Stigmas the
villous margins, of the somewhat lengthened, bifid apex
ofthe germ. Capsule superior, thin, obliquely oval, and
sessile in the calyx, with a broad, membranaceous, co-
loured margin ; less than half an inch long, one-celled, &c,
3. U. integrifolia. Willd. 1. 1326. Corom. pl. 1. N. 78.
Leaves ovate, entire. Male flowers mixed amongst the
hermaphrodite.
Tam. 'Tambachi-marum,
Teling. Naulee.
A large timber tree, a native of the Circar mountains,
It flowers during the cold season. Leaves deciduous about
the close of the wet season; they come out again in
March. bi
Trunk tolerably straight, and high. Bark a little sca-
brous, of a dirty grey colour. Branches numerous, spread.
ing, horizontal, forming a large shady head. Leaves alter-
nate, bifarious, short-petioled, ovate, though sometimes
cordate, entire, smooth, shining; from three to five in-
ches long, and about two broad. Stipules lanceolate,
caducous. Flowers hermaphrodite, and male mixed,
and springing from little germs over the leafless branch-
lets. ‘H ey py hdas sk
Moacurra. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA, 69 .
HERMAPHRODITE.
Calyx or corol four, five, or six-leaved ; leaflets spread-
ing, small, oval, caducous. Filaments seven, eight, or
nine, exceedingly short. Anthers linear, erect, two-lobed.
Germ superior, obovate, emarginate, compressed. Styles
two, short, incurved, permanent. Stigmas acute, woolly,
Capsule pedicelled, orbicular, leafy, compressed, emargi-
nate, one-celled, one-valved, not opening. Seed none.
MALE FLOWERS mixed with the hermaphrodite. Calyx
and Stamen as above. Pistil, no rudiment of one.
Observation. The first part of the flowers that appears, .
is the anthers ; they are then reddish ; next the calyx
increases, and becomes visible to the naked eye, but is
at all times small, and unless looked for, is waite ob-
served.
The wood of this tree is reckoned of a good quality
by the natives, and is employed for a variety of uses.
MOACURRA. R.
Polygamous. Calyx five-leaved. Corol dieipenanath
Neetary a scale within the base of each petal, Germ su-
perior, two-celled, cells two-seeded, attachment superior.
Capsule two-lobed, two-celled, two-valved. Seed solita-
_ nese ote. inverse, with SRE
M. "elon R. . Dae
Moakurra, is the vernacular name in Silhet, sanaie iti is
indigenous ; it grows to the size of a small tree. Flowering
time April and May; the seeds ripen in December. Bran-
ches numerous, ascending. Bark of the old woody parts
rather rough with little whitish dots ; that of the young
shoots villous, and yellowish. Leaves alternate, short-
petioled, broad-lanceolar, entire, long, taper-pointed, of a
thin texture, and smooth ; three or four inches — :
one and a quarter broad. Stipules subulate, villous. —
70 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Gentiana,
Ma.e flowers numerous, small, and collected on
small, axillary, solitary short-peduncled fascicles. Calyx
five-leaved ; leaflets oval, hoary. Petals five, length of
the calyx, but narrower and smooth, Nectarial scales five
on the base of the petals, small, oval, alternate with the
filaments. Filaments five, from the receptacle, alternate
with the petals, and shorter than them ; anthers cordate.
HERMAPHRODITE FLOWERS on a different tree and
disposed asin the male. Calyx, corol, nectary, and sta-
mina as in the male. Germ ovate, cordate, a little com-
pressed, downy, two-celled, with two ovula in each, at-
tached from the apex to the top of the cells. Styles
two, recurved. Stigmas somewhat two-lobed. Capsule
transversely oval; two-lobed, soft, with grey olive-colour-
ed down, size of a nutmeg, two-celled, two-valved, open.
ing round the apex. Partition slender. Seed (nuts ?) one
in each cell, or lobe of the capsule, oblong, more convex,
on the outside completely covered with a soft scarlet
or exterior tunic. Integuments two besides the red aril ;
exterior of a tough fibrous ensiform texture, and very
rugose on the outside ; inferior soft, and spongy. Peris-
perm none. Embryo inverse ; cotyledons two, conform to
the seed. Plumula from two to five-lobed, Radicle short,
superior, ;
In habit this tree approaches Willdenow’s two Geloni-
ums, and in the structure and contents of the germ and
mature seed vessel, they agree almost exactly, except in
the absence of a perisperm in this ; yet their flowers dif-
fer widely, here they are pentandrous with a five-petalled
corol, male on one tree and hermaphrodite on another;
completely dioecous, no corol, polyandrous,
*
GENTIANA. Schreb. gen. 450.
Corol one-petalled. Capsule superior, two-valved, one-
celled ; receptacles two pair, longitudinally —— to
the inside of the margins of the valvelets,
Gentiana. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 71
1. G. verticillata. Linn. suppl. 174.
Root creeping, perennial, Stems simple, erect, four-
sided. Leaves sessile, lanceolate, three-nerved, Flowers
verticilled ; corols five-cleft, funnel-shaped, with five
glands below the filaments. ;
Exacum hyssopifolium. Willd, 1. 640.
Teling. Nella-gullie.
A small, erect plant, with an annual stem, and perennial
roots ; a native of moist uncultivated grounds. It flowers
during the wet season,
Root perennial, creeping, filiform. Stems herbaceous,
simple, erect, from six to twelve inches high, four-sided,
jointed. Leaves opposite approximated, cross-armed, ses~
sile, lanceolate, three-nerved, smooth, entire, one and a
half or two inches long, by half an inch broad, Flowers
axillary, sessile, generally three-fold, vertical-like, small,
white. Coro/ funnel-form. Nectary, a swelled gland at
the insertion of each filament. Filaments short. Anthers
within the tube. Style single, length of the filaments,
Stigma large, two-lobed,
2.G. cherayta. R. Fleming in Asiat. 11. p. 167.
Herbaceous, straight. Leaves stem-clasping, lanceolate,
three or five-nerved. Flowers terminal. Corol rotate, four.
ers tetrandrous, Capsules ovate, bifurcate-
“Sans. ete Chirataka, &e. . id
Calais orontatiGaty of the Ancients, pg
This famous plant is said to be found on the mountains
of Nepal, and the Morungs.
_ Root ramous, and probably perennial. Stems single,
straight, round, smooth, jointed, above ramous ; branches
generally decussated, nearly erect, with their extremities
somewhat angular ; the whole height of the plant about
three feet. Leaves opposite, stem-clasping, lanceolate,
very acute, entire, smooth, — or five-nerved ; 5 size va-
a PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Cressa.
rious, Stipules none. Flowers yellow, most numerous,
peduncled, the whole upper half of the plant forming an
elegant, oblong, leafy decussated panicle. Bractes two
at each division of the panicle, and like the leaves, but ©
smaller. Calyx four-cleft ; divisions linear, acute, perma-
nent, Corol; border expanding, four-parted ; divisions
as long as those of the calyx and also permanent. Sta-
mina four. Anthers cloven at the base. Style single,as
long as the germ. Stigma large, two-lobed. Capsules
rather shorter than the permanent calyx, and corol, one-
celled, two-valved, opening a little at the apex. Seeds
numerous, affixed to two receptacles adhering to the sides
of the valvelets.
Note. When I refer this plant to the genus Gentiana
I am guided by the capsule chiefly, otherwise I might
probably have placed it with the Exacums.
An infusion, or decoction of the whole plant, pulled up
by the root, about the time the flowers begin to decay and
the capsules are well formed, is much used by the na-
_tives of Bengal, and the adjoining provinces, as a tonic.
It appears to me to be a pure bitter, although it gives
signs of astringency with a chalybeate, Its febrifuge vir-
tues arein high estimation amongst both natives and Eu-
ropeans, and I think very deservedly. Our medical gentle-
men prescribe it in the same manner, and with the same
intention, particularly when Peruvian Bark is ditons? to
be obtained,
CRESSA. Schreb. gen. n. 439.
Calyx five-leaved. Corol campanulate, with stamens
inserted into the bottom of the tube. Capsule superior,
two-celled, with from one to four seeds in each, —
C, indica. Willd. 1, 1320,
Annual, erect, ramous, hoary. Leaves alternate. Flow-
ers terminal, sessile. Apices of the segments of the osol
bearded. Capsule — four-seeded,
Nama. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 73.
A small, erect, ramous annual, a native of sandy, salt
lands near the sea. It flowers during the wet season.
Stem nearly erect, from six to eight inches high, hairy.
Branches numerous, ascending, alternate; hairy. Leaves
alternate, very numerous, sessile, the lower, or larger cor-
date ; the upper or smaller ovate, and lanceolate ; all are
hairy, soft, and very small. Flowers terminal, sessile,
small, numerous, white. Bractes like the leaves. Calyx
asin C. cretica. Corol ; tube campanulate. Segments re-
volute, outside of their apices hairy, withering. Anthers
oblong, incumbent.. Germ, its apex woolly. Stigma large,
globular. Capsules four-seeded.
' NAMA. Schreb. gen. n. 444.
.: Calyx five-leaved. Corol rotate, five-parted. Capsules, :
superior, one-celled, two-valved, aid timgiar’ 2 asia
Seeds numerous,
N. Zeylanica Linn. sp. pl. 327,
Annual, creeping. Leaves lanceolate. Hydrola zeyla-
nica. Willd, 1. 1327. Vahl. symb. 2. 46.
~ Sans. Langali.
Beng. Kanchra Isha-langulya.
Tsjeru-vallel. Rheed. Mal. 10, t. 28. ,
An annual ; a native of moist, or marshy ground, Suen
as rice fields. Flowering time, the cold season.
Stems or branches many, creeping, round, pretty smooth,
from one to four feet long. Leaves alternate, short-petiol-
ed, lanceolate, entire, smooth. Flowers, numerous about
the extremities of the branchlets, or solitary, opposite
to the leaves or between them; colour a deep bright
“blue. Calyx one-leaved, divided to near the bottom
‘into five, long, narrow, pointed, hairy permanent di-
visions, Corol five-petalled, longer than the calyx. Fila-
ments shorter than the corol. Anthers sagitate. Styles
_ two, spreading. F2G5 8 Seo Si
74 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Panax.
PANAX. Schreb. gen. n. 1604.
Calyx five-toothed. Corol five-petalled. Germ two-
celled ; cells one-seeded, attachment superior. Berry infe-
rior, two-seeded. Embryo inverse, and furnished with a
perisperm.
1, P. palmatum. R.
Shrubby, armed. Leaves palmate, serrate. It is found
indigenous in the moist vallies between the hills over
the province of Chittagong, where it blossoms about the
close of the rains in September.
Stem in healthy plants now three years old, in the Bo-
tanic Garden at Calcutta, three feet high, and as thick
as a stout walking cane, very completely armed with
numerous, straight, acute, brittle prickles ; and on the.
tender young parts mixed with much appressed, short,
harsh, ferruginous pubescence, which disappears by the
time the parts become ligneous. Branches few and like
the stem, Leaves alternate, petioled, nearly round, pal-—
mate, serrulate, smooth and firm; when very young
densely clothed with ferruginous avert ; lobes from three-
angular to broad-lanceolate, acute ; length and breadth
of the whole leaf about twelve inches, say from six to
eighteen. Petioles nearly as long as the leaves, unarmed,
columnar base thick or somewhat stem-clasping, and a
small acute, stipulary process on each side. Racemes
lateral, solitary, bearing from twenty to thirty, diverging,
peduncled, globular umbellets, of small white flowers.
Bractes tern at the base of each peduncle ; some smaller
on the peduncles and one still smaller under the insertion
of each pedicel on their little globular receptacle ; they
are all ferruginous. Calyx minute, and minutely five-
toothed. Petals five, lanceolar, spreading. Filaments five,
alternate with the petals, and rather longer. Anthers o-
vate, two-lobed, Germ inferior, turbinate, two-celled,
with one ovula in each, attached to the very top of the
partition. Style short. — bidentate.
Panax. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 75
2. P. digitatum. R. y
Arboreous, armed, Leaves digitate ; leaflets entire,
lanceolate, acuminate. Panicles pendulous, It is the Soo-
nath, or Kota-soona of the Hindus about Silhet, where the
tree is indigenous and flowers in May, and produces seed
in November.
Itis a pretty large tree, with numerous branches spread-
ing in all directions,the younger ones armed with innumer-
able, short, somewhat incurved, very sharp aculei, which
fall off with the exterior coat of the. bark. Leaves alter-
nate, about the ends of the branchlets, digitate. Leaflets
generally seven, petiolate, oblong, and broad-lanceolate, -
entire, smooth, acuminate ; from three to six inches long.
Petioles from ten to fifteen inches long, round, smooth, ©
and unarmed. Petiolets from one to two inches long.
Panicles terminal, from two to four feet long, pendulous,
and composed of many, alternate, simple, globular, long-
pedicelled, small greenish-yellow flowers. Common pedun-
cle armed ; partial or pedicells, with some little scaly brac-
tes; allareround, and somewhat downy, Calyx five-
parted; divisions ensiform, Petals five, oblong, patent,
Filaments five, rather shorter than the petals, inserted be-
tween them into a fleshy, crenate, poculiform body which
embraces the germ. Anthers two-lobed. Germ sunk in
the solid body just mentioned, two-celled, with one ovula
in each, attached to the tup of the partition. Style two,
shorter than the stamina, coalesced. Stigma simp) e.
Berry inferior, nearly round somewhat succulent, black,
smooth, widely crowned with the remaining fiye-toothed
calyx ; size of a black currant, and not unlike one, two-
celled. Seed solitary, hemispheric, a small groove down
the middle of the inside, covered witha single, rather
tough, smooth integument. Perisperm conform to the seed,
cartilaginous. Embryo small, inverse, lodged on the out-
side of the upper half of the perisperm.. s Coote.
small, p oblong, Radicle oblong, Superior. i genni
ae
76 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Panax.
3. P. fragrans. R.
Arboreous, unarmed. Leaves supra-decompound ; leaf-
‘lets obovate oblong, acuminate sub-entire, smooth. Pa-
nicles terminal. |
Gootee-soona is the vernacular name of it in Silhet,
where it grows to be a middling sized tree. Its immense
panicles of fragrant blossoms appear in October and
November, and the seed ripens in February and March.
Leaves alternate,approximate, oppositely supra-decom-
pound, from two to four feet long. Leaflets ovate-oblong,
entire, except in young plants, then remotely and very
sharply serrulate, all rather obtusely acuminate, and
smooth ; from two to six inches long, and about half that
in breadth. Petioles perfectly round, polished ; base
sheathing, and swelled. Panicles terminal, immensely ©
jarge, and composed of numerous compound branches
of short peduncled, globular umbellets of small fragrant
flowers, embraced by a minute, ferruginous mealy invo-
lucre. Calyx superior, five-toothed. Petals five, spread-
ing, oblong-lanceolate, a ridge down the middle on the
inside. Filaments five, alternate with, and longer than
the petals. Anthers ovate. Germ inferior, two-celled,
with the ovulain each attached from its upper end to the
partition. Styles two, short, woolly. Stigma simple.
Berries two-lobed, a little flattened, two-celled, size of
two small peas joined. Seed solitary, attached as in
the germ. Perisperm conform to the seed. Embryo
minute, lodged almost transversely in the apex of the
perisperm, with the point of the radicles a little elevated
bstpisaie: the umbilicus.
4, P. feutticantii Willd. 4. 1127.
Shrubby. Leaves supra-decompound ; leaflets lanceo-
Jate, acutely serrate, often laciniate, sates —
Jar, forming terminal panicles. hia
Scutellaria tertia. ‘Rumph: ‘amb, vol. 4, t. 33.
Panax. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. “ Be
This elegant erect shrub, was introduced into the Bo-
tanic Garden near Calcutta from the Moluccas in 1798,
and in April 1800 blossomed for the first time. There
were only two plants originally, and both completely
hermaphrodite.
Trunk straight, but short, soon dividing into many
branches ; general height from five to eight feet. Bark
dark coloured, with many small, ash-coloured, sca-
brous dots. Leaves alternate, recurved, supra-decom-
pound ; from ten to fifteen inches long. Pinne and low-
_er pair of Pinnule opposite; there are generally about
six pair of the former, but the number of the latter is ve-
ry unequal. Leaflets lanceolate, often variously laciniate,
serrate ; serratures ending in subulate, inoffensive points,
smooth on both sides. Petioles stem-clasping, round,
smooth, maculated, jointed, and swelled at the joints,
Inflorescence may, I think it should, be called a termi-
nal panicle, composed of numerous, small subrotund
simple umbellets. Involucres most minute, caducous.
Perianth small, generally five-toothed, permanent. Pe-
tals five, linear, first spreading, then reflexed. Fila-
ments five, alternate with, but shorter than the petals.
Anthers oblong. Germ inferior, generally two-lobed
though sometimes three. Styles short, two or three ac-
cording as there are lobes in the germ. Berry two or
three-lobed, small, lead-coloured. | The pulp stains pa-
ae Seeds ——
‘Iti is readily propagated fein catings “ad hetckon:
aay
5. P. conchifolium. R. :
Shrubby. Leaves simple, round-cordate, — ser-
: rove concaye,
- Scutellaria. HRumph. amb. 4, t. 31. ene
Steipeatiiydenge} very erect, smooth shrub, wantivoueliep
Moluccas, from thence introduced by wen of Madra: est :
78 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Stroemeria.
to the Botanic Garden at Calcutta where is grows freely
during the hot and rainy season; but when the cold wea-
ther of December and January sets in sharp, it generally
loses nearly as much, during those two months, as it gains
the rest of the year. It is curious and ornamental on ac-
count of the large, lucid, deep green, concave, or ladle-
shaped leaves.
STROEMERLA. Vahl. Symb. 1. 19.
Corol four-petalled, or none. Calyx four-leaved. Nec- —
tary ligulato-infundibuliform. | Germ one-celled,, many
seeded. Berry pedicelled, many-seeded. oe
1. S. tetrandra. Willd. 1. 993.
Shrubby. Leaves linear-oblong. Corol Siniedinces: ;
nectary infundibuliform, Stamina four.
Cleome fruticosa, Linn. sp. Pi. 057 maine ind. €. 46,
Sioa Higiigaais
Teling. chown Pe aHieviletney Teme Saas
A large straggling, very ramous iadly: a Aaitem, of old
walls, dry barren ground, &c. It flowers during the great:
er part of the year.
Stem scarcely any, but woody branches innumerable, —
with the extremities often drooping. Leaves alternate,
short-petioled, oblong, or broad-lanceolate, entire, an
inch and a half long. peo
Stipules minute. Racemes terminal, few-flowered,
downy. Bractes awled, solitary. Calyx four-leaved ;
leaflets oval, expanding, greenish white. Petals four, long-
clawed, equal, oval, waved, sub-erect ; two placed lateral-
ly, and two above. Nectary tubular, erect, about as long
as the claws of the petals ; inserted into the upper side of
the base of the pedicels of the germ, and stamens ; mouth
oblique, widening, jagged. Filaments four, awled, ascend-
_ ing, inserted into the middle of the pedicel, or column that
Stroemeria. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 79
supports the germ. Anthers oval, two-parted at the base.
Germ oblong, sitting on the extremity of a long, ascend-
ing pedicel, Style none. Stigma simple. Pericarp a si-
liqua, subcylindric, pendulous, replete with firm, orange-
coloured pulp, in which the seeds are immersed. Seeds
several, kidney-form.
2. S. trifoliata. R.
Shrubby. Leaves ternate. Flowers two-petalled, hex-
androus. ;
A native of Kootullum, where it was found by Dr. Ber-
Ty, growing to the height of ten feet, with long, unarmed,
weak branches. Se.
Leaves alternate, ternate. Leaflets toncaolate? entire,
smooth, about two inches long, and rather more than
half an inch broad. Petioles scarcely half the length of
the leaflets. Stipules subulate. Racemes terminal, from
five to ten-flowered, villous. Flowers large, on long vil-
lous, patent pedicels. Bractes minute, subulate, gene-
rally three under the insertion of each pedicel. Calyx of
two opposite pairs of ovate, oblong, veined leaflets, the
exterior pair larger, the inner more deeply coloured. Pe«
tals two, large, round, pure white, beautifully veined and
elevated on claws nearly as long as the petals themselves
which ascend opposite to the pedicel of the fructification.
Nectarium horn-shaped, rising to a curve, just within the
claws of the petals, and shorter than them; mouth per-
forated, and ornamented with a large, reflected border like
a ruffle, colour a bright yellow. Filaments six, elevated
on a long ascending pedicel, opposite to and as long as
the claws of the petals, nearly erect, and about as long
as the pedicel which supports them. Anthers linear, erect, -
opening on the side, Germ elevated rather above the
anthers, on a second pedicel, or stipe, linear, one-celled, —
with two longitudinal rows of ovula attached to thang in- .
ae hetnenteennniee te sstenan sioatts tyle none eT
“
80 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. , Holigarna.
Stigma large, convex. Capsules berried, siliquose, subcy-
lindric, about as thick as a goose quill, and nearly two
inches long, one-celled, two-valved. Seeds a few ; reni-
form, attached, as in the germ.
HOLIGARNA. R.
Potycamovs. Calyx five-toothed. Petals five, germ
one-celled ; ovula single, attachment lateral. Berry infe-
rior, one-seeded. Embryo transverse, without perisperm.
1. H. longifolia. R.
Cattu-tsjeru, or Kattou-tjeroe. Rheed. Mal, 4. p. 19 Eo.
Leaves alternate, cuneiform, some inoffensive subulate
bodies on the inside of the short petiole. Flowers pani-
cled.
A large tree, a native of the mountainous parts of
Chigegomsn where, it blossoms in ete _ Seed. ips in
“Dr: Honest first found the aaie tetas in Chittagong,
and some years after found the female hermaphrodite in
‘Malabar, and gave it the name Holigarna, from its ap-_
_pellation in the language of Kurnata. He thinks itis the
variety called Bibo of the Cattu-tsjeru,Rheed. Mal. 4. t. 9.
And says the natives of Malabar by incision, extract
an exceedingly acrid juice, with which they varnish
their targets. I am however inclined to consider Van.
_Rheed’s Catiu-tsjeroe to be this very tree, and his Bibo,
or Tsjeervo, vol. 4. p. 20. to be Semecarpus Anacardium.
. Trunk straight, in a twelve years old male tree ten
inches in circumference, Bark smooth, ash-coloured.
_ Branches patent; height of the whole tree twenty-five
feet. Inits native soil the trunk attains to the thick-
- ness of six feet in circumference ; while the total height
of the tree is above fifty. Leaves alternate, crowded a- _
Holigarna. - PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 81
bout the ends of the branchlets, short-petidled, narrow,
cuneiform, entire, acute, smooth on both sides, but paler
underneath ; length one or two feet, and the breadth from
three to six inches. Petioles short and thick, and arm-
ed generally with two subulate, inoffensive, incurved,
thorn-like bodies on each side of the margin, Stipules
no other than the last mentioned subulate bodies, on the
petioles.
Mae, Panicles axillary, single, much shorter than.
the leaves. Flowers numerous, small, dull white. Bractes
small, ferruginous. Calyx five-sided ; angles somewhat
‘sharp. Corol flat, to the base five-parted, or it may be
called five-petalled. Segments oblong, villous. Filaments
five, shorter than the corol. Anthers incumbent.
~ FEMALE-HERMAPHRODITE on a separate tree. Pani-
cles, bractes, calyx, and corol as in the male. Stamina as
in the male, but much smaller, and with minute, seem-
ingly abortive anthers. Germ inferior, a little hairy, with
one compressed cell containing one compressed ovula, at-
tached to one side of the top ofits cell. Styles three, re-
curved. Stigmas crescent-shaped, a little hairy. Berry
inferior, naked, exactly ovate, a little compressed, size
of a large olive, smooth, when ripe yellow, one-celled, e-
valvular. Cortex rather thick, and containing between its
soft lamina, numerous cells, filled with a black, rather
thick, acrid fluid as in the common marking nut, or Ana-
cardium. Seed conform to the berry. Integument single,
membranaceous. Perisperm none. Embryo conform to
the seed, transverse. Cotyledons equal, ovate, yellow-
ish, Corcle lateral. Plumula hairy, acute. Radicle ob-
long, inverse, attached to one edge of the cotyledons,
considerably below their apex and corresponding with .
‘Welattachment of the ovula in the-germ. jis Set
K “i
82 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Holigarna,
2. H. racemosa. R.
Leaves alternate, linear-oblong. Flowers racemed.
Am-jour the vernacular name in Silhet where it is
indigenous on the hills of that province, and grows to
be a large tree. It flowers in March, and the fruit ri-
pens in May, June and July. Branches and branchlets
very numerous, the bark of the former ash-coloured and
rather rough ; of the latter, smooth, and void of pubes-
cence: Leaves alternate, petioled, lanceolar and linear,
oblong, entire, obtusely acuminate, of a hard texture,
glossy on the upper surface or rather glaucous underneath;
from four to eight inches long, from one to three broad.
Petioles less than an inch in length, smooth, channel-
led. aay
Mate flowers I have found on a separate tree by them-
selves collected on little lateral, and terminal villous
racemes, small, much crowded, olive-coloured, Calyx five-
toothed. Petals five, ovate. Filaments five, alternate with
the petals, and with them inserted on the receptacle. An-
thers ovate. Germ none. HERMAPHRODITE racemes as in
_ the male but less crowded with flowers. Calyx superior,
- five-parted, permanent. Corol as in the male. Filament.
short. Anthers of two distinct lobes, Germ inferior, oval,
one-celled, containing a single ovula, attached to one
side of the cell a little above the middle. Style single,
very short. Stigma capitate. Berry, the size of a large
olive, obliquely, and transversely oval, smooth, when
ripe red, pulp in considerable quantity, the fibrous pores
_ contain a pale coloured acrid, thick juice as in Semecar-
pus, one-celled, one-seeded. Seedsitransversely oval.
Perisperm none. Embryo transverse. . Cotyledons can-
form to the seed, equal. Pluwmula two-toothed, fringed.
Radicle short, truncate lateral, directly within the umbi-
licus. : | ene?
Semecarpus. |§ © PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. ss
SEMECARPUS. Scherb. gen. n. 501.
Calyx tive-parted. Corol five-petalled. Germ one-cell-
ed, one-seeded, attachment superior. Nut superior, cor-
date, cellular, One-seeded, sitting on a large, fleshy pear-
shaped receptacle. Embryo inverse without perisperm,
1.8, Anacardium. Corom. pl. 1. No.12. Willd. 1. 1476.
Polygamous. Leaves cuneiform, downy a
Panicles terminal,
Sans. Arushkara, also Bhela.
‘Beng. Bhela, Bhola-twki, or Bela-tuk7.
Eng. Marking Nut.
- Teling. Nella-jedee.
_ Anacardium of the Materia Medica. ih
A tree, bearing male or male-hermaphrodite foworbt on
one and hermaphrodite on another ; which circumstance
might remove it from the fifth, to the twenty-third class
ofthe Linnzan system. Itis a native of all the moun-
tainous parts of India; flowering time from May to se
gust. Seed ripe in January and February. iw 3
Dr. Konig, my predecessor, who was the first that
described this tree, had never met with the male, other-
wise so particular a circumstance would not have bouts
omitted by so accurate a describer as the Doctor was. |
' Trunk straight, covered with grey, scabrous bark, os
seal of the younger parts” smooth, light ash-coloured,
its inner substance contains in crevices, a quantity of
white, soft, almost insipid gum. Branchlets numerous,
spreading. Leaves about the extremities of the branchlets,
alternate, petioled, somewhat wedge-formed, or oblong-
obovate rounded at the apex, entire, firm above, pretty
“smooth, yet harsh, whitish underneath; from nine to
eighteen inches Jong and from four to eight broad, Pe
tioles-one and a half, or two inches zeit half vound. eS.
K 2
84 _ PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Semecarpus.
nicles terminal, very large, composed of many simple
spikes ; that of the male tree much slenderer, but as
large, or larger, and with ramouse branches. Bractes ma-
ny, small, caducous. Flowers numerous, small, of a et
greenish yellow colour.
HERMAPHRODITE as in the supplementum plantarum.
Page, 25 and 182. Pericarp none. Receptacles erect,
fleshy, pear-shaped, smooth, when ripe yellow, about the
size of the nut. Seed a single nut resting upon the recep-
tacle, cordate, flattened on both sides, smooth, shining,
black ; the cover or shell of the seed is composed of two. la~
mina; the inner one hard, the outer one less so, and lea-
thery; between them are cells which contain the black cor-
rosive resinous juice which has long made them famous.
This juice is of a pale milk colour, till perfectly ripe
when it becomes black.
MALE FLOWERS on a separate tree, they are smaller
than the hermaphrodite,
Calyx, and Corol as in the hermaphrodite. Filaments
five, the length of the petals. | Anthers much larger than
_ in the hermaphrodite. Pistillum none, or small and abor-
~ tive, and in form of a semi-globular, hairy, anes.
body.
The wood of this tree is reckoned of no use, not wale
on account of its softness, but alsoon account of its con-
taining much acrid juice, which renders it dangerous to —
cut down and work uponit. The fleshy receptacle on
which the seed rests are roasted in the ashes, and eaten
by the natives ; the taste is exceedingly like that of roast-
ed apples. Before roasted they are astringent, and acrid ;
leaving a painful sensation on the tongue for some time.
The kernels are rarely eaten.
The green nuts well pounded intoa pulp make good.
lime,
The pure black, acrid juice of the cells is sanhveuatie
the natives externally to remove rheumatic pains, aches,
*
Semecarpus. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 85
and sprains. A little is well rubbed over the part affect.
ed, But in tender constitutions it often produces infla- —
mation and swelling, doing much more harm than good ;
but I think where it has mot this disagreeable effect,
which is generally the case, it is an efficacious remedy.
It is universally employed to mark, all sorts of cotton
cloth. . The colour is improved, prevented from run-
ning, and fixed by a mixture of quick lime and water,
The juice or resinous balsam, is not soluble in water,
and is only diffusable in spirits of wine, for it soon falls
to the bottom, unless the menstruum be previously alka~
lized ; the solution is then pretty complete, and of deep
black colour. It sinks in but soon unites _ perfectly
with expressed oils. Alkaline livixia act upon it with no
better success than plain water.
It is employed by the Telinga Physicians for the cure
of almost every sort of venereal complaint, and is com—
monly prepared. as follows :
Take of this black balsam, and epesied juice of
garlic, each one ounce. Expressed juice of fresh Tama-
rind-tree leaves ; cocoanut oil and sugar, of each two
ounces ; mix and boil them for a few. minutes, A table.
spoonful is given to the patient twice a day. I know
nothing of the efficacy of this composition.
The bark is mildly astringent, gives out in decoction
a deep colour, which dies brown of various shades.
From wounds made in the bark,a dirty looking, brown-
ish soft gum is procured, which dissolves alomiss in the
mouth without much taste. — ete ag pee git
2. S. Cassuvium, R.
Leaves alternate, lanceolar, entire and very smooth,
Nut resting ona depressed fleshy, broad turbinate recep-
_— |
' Cassuvium silvestre. Kumph. amb. 1. t.70. Age
- Anative of the Moluccas, from thence. introduced into
+
86 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA, Semecarpus.
the Botanic Garden at Calcutta in 1798, and.in August,’
1804, they blossomed for the first time, when they were
handsome, small trees, about twelve feet in height, with
many smooth ascending branches, and branchlets.
Leaves alternate, short-petioled, lanceolate, entire
and very smooth on both sides; length from ten to
eighteen inches, and from three to five broad. Petioles
from one to two inches long, round, and smooth. Stipules
none, Panicles terminal, thin, long-ovate, smooth. Bractes
minute, caducous. Flowers numerous, small, greenish-
yellow, and inodorous, Calyx saucer-shaped, five-tooth-
ed. Petals five, ovate, spreading. Nectary a yellow fleshy
ring round the base of the germ, which becomes the fleshy
receptacle of the seed. Filaments five, rather broad,
length of the germ, inserted round the base of the necta-
ry. Germ superior, roundish, one-celled, containing one
ovula attached to the top of the cell. Styles three, spread-
ing. Stigmas two-toothed. Nut resting on the large smooth,
yellow, fleshy, cup-shaped receptacle, obliquely-obverse,
reniform, one celled, one valved, considerably compress-
ed, longitudinally striated and wrinkled, colour a brown-
ish black, and ofa firm leathery consistence, composed
ofan exterior, and interior integument, with numerous
small cells between. Seed single, completely filling the
nut, covered with a single brown integument. Perisperm
none. Embryo inverse. Cotyledons two, conform to the —
seed. Plumula two-lobed. Radicle conical, superior,
that is, lodged between the most elevated part of the co-
tyledons, and at the greatest distance from the umbili-
cus, or base of the nut.
3. S. cuneifolia, R,
- Leaves wedge-shaped, vacate vaadiid villous under-
neath,
A native of the range of mountains which posiids 3
Hindoosthan on the north, from thence seeds were sent —
*
Bosea. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 87
to the Botanic Garden at Calcutta, where the tree grows
slowly ; the heat of Bengal being, I presume, too great for
this species.
OPILIA. R.
Calyx five-toothed. Corol five-petalled. Nectarial
scales alternate with the filaments. Style none. Berry
superior, one-seeded.
O. amentacea. Corom. pl. 2. N. 158.
Teling. Balee-koma.
A small tree, a native of the mountainous parts of the
Circars. :
Leaves .alternate, bifarious, short-petioled, ova or
oblong, entire, smooth, shining, sometimes very slightly
serrulate, about three inches long, and one and a half
broad. Stipules none, Aments axillary, small, erect,
before the flowers open, every where closely imbricated
with small, peltate, kidney-shaped, pointed, ciliate, cadu-
cous three-flowered scales, Flowers small, greenish-
white, tern. Calyx, perianth proper, very small, five-
toothed. Petals five, spreading, oblong. Nectary, five
short, thick, fleshy, clubbed bodies alternate with the
shattie Filaments five, spreading, shorter than the petals.
Anthers ovate. Germsuperior, oblong. Style none. Stigma
single. Berry size of a cherry, globular, juicy, one-seeded.
idles _BOSEA.
~ Calyx five-leaved. “ Corolnone. Berry superior, ‘one-
seeded,
1. B. trinervia. R.
Arboreous, Leaves oval, pointed, entire, three-nerved. |
Male flowers under the hermaphrodite ones.
_A large tree; a native of the Circar mountains, Bark
, sii smooth, and brown, Leaves alternate, bifarious,
88 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Hydrocotyle.
short-petioled, ovate, pointed, three-nerved, smooth, en-
tire; when young a little downy, about five inches long,
and two anda half broad. Stipules filiform, hairy, ca-
ducous. Racemes axillary, slender, erect, sometimes
compound, but generally simple. The hermaphrodite
flowers always above themale. —
HeRMAPHRODITE, Calyx or corol five-leaved; leaflets
spreading, oval. Filaments five, spreading, shorter than
the pistil. Anthers incumbent. Germ superior, ovate.
Styles two, erect. Stigmas simple. Berry ovate, size of
a cherry, ene-seeded,
MALE flowers on the same raceme, below the herma-
phrodite ones, Calyx and stamina as above. Pistil, not
the least rudiment of one.
H YDROCOTYLE. Schreb. gen. n. 457.
Umbel simple. Involucre from two to four-leaved. Pe-
tals entire, Sruit sompngneeds gibbous, emovpactinie
x ‘HL “pialita: Willd. 1. 1362.
Creeping in shady places. Leaves line potiaints 3 reni-
form, dentate. Umbellets from the joints, two or more to-
gether, short-peduncled, three or four-flowered. Involucre
two-four-leaved.
- Codagen. Rheed. mal, 10, t. 46,
Hind. Thul-kura. .
It is common in moist shady places over Indie med: ap-
pears with most luxuriance during the rains, when it blos-
soms aud ripens its seed,
2. H. rotundifolia. R.
Filiform, creeping. Leaves long-petioled, round, lobate,
crenate, smooth. Umbellets erect, from eight to ten flow-_
ered, Involucre of three, four or more minute leaflets.
A small creeping species, found in wet, cultivated .
Vakka, ~~ PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 89
spots in the Botanic Garden at Calcutta during the
rains,
VAHLIA. Schreb. gen. n. 452.
Calyx fvecleaved: Corol five-petalled. Capsule i in-
ferior, one-celled, many seeded.
1. V. oldenlandioides. R.
Annual, erect, ramous. Leaves linear, lanceolate. Pe-
duncles solitary, two-flowered,
Oldenlandia pentandra. Willd. 1, 676. Retz. obs. 4, n. 64,
A native of cultivated lands on the coast of Coroman-
del ; it appears only during the cold season.
Stem erect, annual, round, jointed, ramous, a little
downy, about a foot high. Leaves opposite, sessile, spread-
ing, linear, lanceolate, entire, downy; about an inch
long. Peduncles axillary, solitary, erect, rather shorter
than the leaves, each bearing two small, yellow flowers.
Petals nearly as large as the calyx. Capsule crowned
with the calyx, one-celled, opening at the apex. Re-
ceptacles two, affixed by. the apex. Seeds numerous.
I believe Konig called this plant Cyrilla Oldenlan-
dioides. °
ie v. viscosa. R. : 74
‘Annual, sub-erect, ramous, jeune: and clammy. Leaves
lanceolate. Peduncles two-fold, very short, one flower-
ed, rae
Oldenlandia digyna. Willd. 1. 674. Retz. obs. 4. n. 65,
A native of the same places with the former, and ap-
pears during the same season.
Stem uot so straight as that of the former, less branchy,
shorter, more downy, and a little glutinous, Leaves oppo-
‘Site, sessile, from lanceolate to linear; all are entire,
Pointed, and downy ; from half an inch to an inch long.
90 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Ligusticum,
Stipules none. Flowers paired, axillary, very short-
peduncled, small, yellow.
The rest as in the genus.
This is, I think Konig’s Cyrilla viscosa.
DAUCUS. Schreb. gen. n. 466.
Corollets sub-radiated, all hermaphrodite. Fruit his-
pid with hairs. :
_- D. Carota, Willd. 1. 1889.
Seeds hispid. Petioles nerved underneath.
Sans, _Grinjana or Gargara.* |
- Hind. and Beng. Gajur.
Persian. Zerduk.
Arab. Istufleen or Gazir,
Itis said to bea native of Persia. In India it is only
found in a cultivated state.
«
-FERRULA. Schreb. gen. n. 475.
~ Fruit oval, flat, compressed, with three strias on n each
side.
F. Asiafoelita, Willd. 1. 1413.
Leaves alternately sinuate, obtuse.
Beng. Hing. ‘
Pers. and Arab, Unjudan,
Native of Persia. It does not appear that this valuable
plant has ever been found in any part of Ls or to Sond
éast of that country.
LIGUSTICUM. Solirebs: gen. n. 478.
Umbelliferous, with both universal, and partial invo-
lucres. Fruit oblong, five-furrowed on both sides. Co-
— oun, all fertile, —_ es mpvolts and waiener
* 1 find no authority for these, Sangskrit ames —W. G,
Ligusticum. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 91
1. L. Ajowan. Kt. Fleming in Asiat. Res. 11. 170.
Annual, erect. Leaves supra-decompound, with filiform
leaflets. Ridges and furrows of ae seed distinct, and
scabrous,
Sans, Bruhmadurbha, Pacis, &e,
Hind. & Beng. Ajouan, Ajwan, or Jouan. -
This is one of the most useful and at the same time
grateful of the umbelliferous tribe. {tis much cultivat-
ed in Bengal, during the cold season. [I never sawit
- wild, ? ;
Root annual. Stem erect, the whole plant from one
to three feet’ high; branches, alternate, smooth, and
slightly striated. Leaves sparse ;*those nearest the base
of the plants supra-decompound; the superior, less so ;
all have smooth, filiform subdivisions, or leaflets. Um-
bels terminal, erect, compound, universal, of from six to
eight rays, on rather unequal peduncles, partial, of many —
rays, on unequal pedicels. Calyx ; involucres universal,
and partial, from five to eight, linear, unequal, shorter
than the umbels, and umbellets, permanent. Proper
perianth superior, most minute. Corol, universal uni-
form. Corollets pure white, all equal, hermaphrodite,
and fertile. Proper of five equal petals, furrowed on the
back, and keeled within, with involute apexes and broad
waved, rather reflected margins. Stamens as long as the
petals. Anthers reddish. Fruit didymous, or two seeds.
united, of a compressed, broad, ovate ees with. five
scabrous ridges on each side.
Ican scarcely imagine that this very famous Tadian
plant is unknown to our European Botanists ; ; at the
same time I cannot find any one of the whole natural
order hitherto described to which I can refer it unless it’
be Bunium aromaticum. 1 do not find that it was known
to Dr KGnig, nor did I ever see it but in Bengal. Sto
‘The seeds, like those of caraway, have an aromatic
smell, —e ed, ; they are mach ee
92 - PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Cuminetii,
both natives and Europeans, for culinary, and medicinal
uses; they are among the smallest of the umbelliferous
orders, and are to be met with in every market in India.
2. L. diffusum. R.
Annual, diffuse. Leaves decompound, and supra-de-
compound. Furrows of the seeds deep, and smooth.
Involucres, and involucles with membranous ciliate mar-
gins.
Beng. Junglee-ajouan.
It is found wild in the vicinity of Calcutta, during the
cold, and the beginning of the hot season ; it delights: in
shady moist places. +
Root ramous, Stems and branches Aten: Scie,
striated, dichotomous, from one to two feet long, slight-.’
ly hairy. Leaves alternate, long-petioled, decompound,
and supra-decompound, divisions variously formed, .
and jagged, a few small hairs over them and the pe-:
tioles. . Umbels leaf-opposed, and terminal, compound.
Universal and partial of from twelve to twenty-four rays,
on nearly equal peduncles, and pedicels. Calyx ; involu-.
cres universal and partial, of from six to eight, sub-mem--
branous, linear-lanceolate, ciliated, spreading, reflect-.
ed leaflets. . Perianth, corol, &c. as in L. ajowan. Fruit’
of a compressed, rounded shane, with five smooth ridges E
on each side.
The seed is used asa medicine for cattle,
CUMINUM. Schreb. gen. ne ». 483.
Fruit ovate, striate. Umbellets and Involucres four-
cleft.
C. Cyminum, Will. 1. 1440.
Hind. and Beng. Zeera or Jeera,
Sans, Jeera, Jeeruka.
Coriandrum. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA, 93
Arab. Kimoon.
A Native of Persia, &c. and the western parts of Asia.
PHELLANDRUM. Schreb. gen.n. 485.
Umbelliferous, no universal involucre; partial one,
many-leaved. Florets equal, all fertile. Fruit ovate,
smooth, crowned with the calyx, and styles.
P. stoloniferum. R.
Stoloniferous, erect. Inferior leaves bipinnate ; supe-
rior quinate, and ternate ; leaflets lanceolate, serrate.
Beng. Pan-turasee,
A native of Bengal, and found: flourishing in, and on
the margins of sweet water, about the beginning of the
‘hot season,
Roots running, fistulous, jointed, emitting fibres and
long creeping stolones from the joints. Stem erect, striat-
ed, fistulous, winding; from two to four feet high. Leaves,
the inferior ones composed of one or two lateral pairs of
ternate, and a terminal quinaté portion; the superior ones,
quinate and ternate. Leafletslanceolate, smooth, serrate,
Umbels leaf-opposed, long-peduncled, convex, many-ray-
ed. Umbellets convex, many-rayed with inyolucles of
many shortish, linear leaflets, Calyx ; perianth proper
of five, large, conspicuous toothlets. | Corol proper,
five-petalled, uniform, white, ovate, with long, inflect-
ed points. Fruit mboyaic, smooth, crowned as in the ge-
nus, .
_I do not find that the natives make any use of any part
of this plant; its taste, both seeds and leaves is some-
what aromatic, but not ‘palatable.
E CORIANDRUM. Schreb. gen. n. 488.
Corol radiated. Petals inflex, emarginate. Universal :
involucre one-leaved ; partial ones halved. - Fruit sphe-
94 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Anethum,
C. sativum. Willd. 1, 1448.
Sans. Dhunyuka.
Beng. Dhuaya.
N. Danga.
- Cultivated over India during the cold season.
SESELTI. Schreb. gen. n. 492.
Umbelliferous ; umbellets globular ; universal involucre
none, partial one subulate. Fruit ovate, striated,
S. bengalensis. R.
Erect. Leaves bipinnate, or more ; leaflets gashed. Um-.
bels leaf-opposed. Involucrets of several, subulate leaf- és
lets, :
Annual, It appears during the dry season upon the —
cool, moist, shady banks of ponds, &c.
Root annual. Stem erect, winding, piped, smooth, about
‘afoothigh, Leaves bipinnate, or more. Leaflets : smooth,
gashed, variously formed, Umbels leaf-opposed, short-
peduncled, rigid, naked, from six to twelve-rayed, umbel-
lets subglobular, short-pedicelled. Involucrets linear,
longer than the umbellets. Corollets all fertile, uniform,
Petals ovate, inflected. Fruit nearly globular, crowned.
ANETHUM. Schreb. gen. n. 496.
‘Umbelliferous, with no involucre nor involucel. Corol.
_ ets equal, all fertile, with entire involute cecil Fruit
somewhat ovate, striated, 2 Bi
1. A. Panmovi. R. |
Annual, erect, ramous. Leaves supra-decompound. Uin-
bel of ten or twelve unequally elevated sasbianes Fruit.
‘oblong, deeply-furrowed, but not winged. — 20 A RORE:
Anethum, _ PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 95.
Beng. Panmuhuree.
Sans. Mudhoorika.
Mayuri. See Asiat. Res. 11. 156.
Like Sowa this plant is cultivated in various parts of
Bengal during the cold season for the seed, which the
natives eat with their betle and also use in their curries,
Seed time the close of the rains, about the end of Octo-
ber. Harvest in March, when the plants perish.
Root white, nearly fusiform, and almost simple. Stem
erect, ramous, from the base to the top, the branches
also erect, round and smooth, with a uniform, pale, glau-
cous tinge, and not striated as in Dill, and Sowa, the
general height of the whole plant from two to four feet.
Leaves alternate, scattered, supra-decompound, divisions
round, tapering, smooth and filiform, but by no means
SO numerous as in A. Feniculum which this plant re-
sembles, Umbels terminal, ‘rather concave, but not
regular, the convex, from ten to thirty-flowered umbel-
lets, of which there are generally from ten to twenty,
standing on peduncles of very unequal lengths. Flowers
small, bright, deep yellow. Petals long, ovate, with
their apices rolled in. Stamens longer than the petals,
Germ oblong. Styles scarcely any, Seeds exactly as in
Anethum Fenculum and with the same taste,
"The seeds of this plant, for which it is cultivated, pos-
sess a pleasant, warmish, very sweet taste, and aromatic
smell so much like. sweet fennel that J should certainly
have thought them at Most nothing but varieties of the
Same species, if I had not had both growing before me
for several years in the Botanic Garden at Calcutta where
plants of A. Feniculum reared from Europe seed do not
blossom till the second year, during which period the
leaves are bifarious, infinitely larger and more divided
than in Panmuhuree, which is an annual plant of only
four or five months duration with the loaves at es times © :
Scattered; ee PRE AS
96 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Anethum.
From my Anethum Sowa, Panmori differs very conspicu-
ously in many respects, but the best mark is in the seeds,
In this they are longer, less flattened and without any
membranaceous rim, or border. In that, much flattened
with.a thin margin, like that of A. graveolens.
.
2. A. Sowa. R. ;
Annual. Leaves supra-decompound. Umbel of from
five to fifteen radii, equally elevated. Seeds flat, with a
membranous margin and three ribs on the back.
Sans. Mishreya.
Beng. Sowa, shuloopa, soolpa.
A native of Bengal, where it is cultivated for the seeds,
which are much used for culinary and medicinal purposes,
Time of culture the cold season.
Root annual, in fact of only a few months duration.
Stem winding, ramous, smooth, striated with deeper and
lighter green, and covered with a whitish bloom ; from two
to three feet high. Leaves alternate, petioled, decom- — :
pound, and supra-decompound, /eaflets filiform, as in Fen-
nel, Petioles, their lower half sheathing. Umbels termi-
nal, convex, without involucres or involucels. Calyx,
proper, scarcely any. Corol, universal, uniform. Corollets
yellow, all fertile and equal. Proper, petals ovate-oblong,
inflected. Stamens longer than the petals. Germ beneath,
obovate. Styles scarcely any. Fruit oval, compressed,
composed of two seeds each, with three ridges on its out-
side, and surrounded with a membranaceous margin. _
The seeds are to be met with in every market over
India, they are much used by the natives in their curries,
and also for medicinal uses.
3. A, trifoliatum. R, | et
Annual. Leaves ternate, Seeds reniform, slightly striat- a
ed. A native of the Circar vallies ; not onllirated’> a
Apium. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA, 97
APIUM. Schreb. gen. n. 499.
Involucre one or more leaved, Petals equal. Flow-
ers all fertile. Fruit small, gibbous, ribbed. Style de-
flexed.
Annual, glaucous, villous, superior leaflets filiform both
general and partial about six-leaved.
Beng. Chanoo, also Radlrooni-
Hind. Ujmood, Ujmud,
I have only met with this plantin its cultivated state
_ and itis often raised in our Gardens in India as a sub-
stitute for parsley, A.petroselinum. It is’cultivated over
many parts of Bengal during the cold season, for the seed
only, which the natives use in diet, and medicine ; the
leaves they make no use of. |
Root annual, white, penetrating deeply into the soil.
Stem erect, flexuous, glaucous, slightly villous. Branches
numerous, and like the stem ; height of the whole plant
about three feet. Leaves alternate, petioled, decompound
by ternary. Leaflets, of the lower leaves broad, variously
and deeply cut; of the superior ones narrower, ever to li-
near, and often simple. Umbel, universal, generally of
about six spreading rays; in luxuriant plants these are
sometimes proliferous ; partial, of from twelve to twenty.
_ Involucre and Involucels of about six villous subulate
leaflets. The first shorter than the rays; the latter of
nearly the same length. Flowers numerous, all fertile,
white. Perianth scarcely any. Petals ovate, with a long,
taper, inflected apex. Seed small, ovate, villous, gib-
bous, and three-ribbed on the back.
M
S8 PENTANDRIA TRIGYNIA, Rhus.
PENTANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
RHUS. Schreb. gen. n. 502,
Calyx five-parted. Corol five-petalled. Germ superi-
or, one-celled, one seeded, attachment, base and vertici.
Drupe one-seeded. Embryo inverse, without perisperm.
1. R. succedaneum. Willd. 1. 1497.
Arboreous. Leaflets five pair, entire, seen Ba ie
Petioles simple. Berry oblique.
Arbor vernicifera spuria, &c. Kempf. Amoen.794, t.'795,
A small tree, in blossom, was received from Dr. Berry at
Madras, into the Botanic Garden at Calcutta in April
1801, which came originally from China, It had not in
March 1809 attained a greater height than about ten feet,
so slowly does it grow, but it blossoms annually dur-
ing the hot season and produces an abundance of fruit.
Trunk short, with but few, ascending branches, cover=
ed with smooth ash-coloured bark. Leaves about the ends
of the branches, alternate, unequally pinnate, from six
to twelve inches long. Leaflets from four to six pair, op-
posite, obliquely broad-lanceolate, long, taper-pointed,
drooping, entire, perfectly smooth on both sides ; from
three to four inches long, and about one inch broad. Pe-
tioles round, and smooth. Panicles axillary or from the
base of the naked branchlets of the present year’s shoots,
‘Spreading, ovate, very. ramous. Flowers small, very nu-
merous, short-pedicelled, yellow. Bractes small, one-
flowered. Calyx, here it may be said to consist of five-
leaflets, Petals five, oblong, first spreading, but soon be-
coming reflected back over the calyx. Nectary a five-lob-
ed cup, as in the Rhamni, between the base of the germ,
and the insertion of the petal and stamens. Filaments
five, the length of the corol, erect, inserted, alternate with
Rhus. PENTANDRIA TRIGYNIA. 99
the petals. Anthers ovate-oblong. Germ superior, coni-
cal, one-celled, containing one ovula attached from its
apex to the bottom of the cell. Style short, Stigma three-
lobed. Drupe the size of a pea, obliquely-reniform,
2, R. Bucki-amela. R.
Arboreous. Leaves pinnate; leaflets five-pair, ovate,
serrate, villous; exterior half of the petiole winged. Pa-
nicle terminal. Berries orbicular, compressed, viscid.
Bucki-amela is the name under which it was sent from
Nepal. — :
October, 1800. There are now many of the youn trees
in the Botanic Garden, in full blossom. The seeds were
received from Nepal about two years ago. At present
they are from six to twelve feet high, with an erect, soft, -
woody stem, and a few simple, ascending branches. —
Note, in 1812, They scarcely ever grow larger. —
Leaves alternate, pinnate, from one to two feet long.
Leaflets from four to six pair, opposite, subsessile, ovate,
oblong, serrate, pointed ; of a thick, firm texture ; villous
on both sides, and whitish underneath; from four to
six inches long, and from two to three broad. Petioles
round, somewhat villous, the exterior joint or two often
winged. Panicles, a very large, expanding one termi-
nates the branches, and sinyle smaller onesspring from the
exterior axills. Flowers numerous, small, pale yellowish
green, ‘Calyx, corol, stamina and pistillum as in the ge-
nus ; the germ contains only a single ovula from the apex
of which the umbillical cord proceeds to the bottom of the ©
of the cell where its attachment is. Drupe the size of a pea,
. Orbicular, compressed, when ripe, greenish-white, with
a tinge of yellow near the apex and somewhat clammy.
Nut smooth, dark brown, much compressed.
The berries or little drupes are covered with a very
small portion of a pulpy envelope which is of a sharp, .
acid taste, and in Nepal, I am told, is much | steeme
M2
100 PENTANDRIA TRIGYNIA. Tamarix.
3. R. parviflorum. R.
Subarboreous ; all the tender parts very downy. Leaves
ternate ; leaflets sessile, obovate, anterior margins ser-
rate-crenate. Panicles terminal.
A small bushy tree, a native of Nepal from thence in-
troduced into the Botanic Garden at Calcutta where it.
blossoms during the rainy season.
SAMBUCUS. Schreb, gen. n. 505.
Calyx five-parted., Corol five-cleft. Berry three-seed-
ed. ,
S. Ebulus. Willd. 1. 1494.
Herbaceous. Leaflets from seven to nine, sessile, lan-
ceolate, finely serrate. Stipules quatern (four on each
side,) leafy, unequal. Cymes from three to six-parted,
A native of Rungpore in Bengal. It flowers during the
rainy season. Its taste is simple hefbaceous and has
nothing of the ungrateful smell of the Europe plant. It
may be a different species, though I cannot at — fix
on a different character.
TAMARIX., Schreb. gen. n. 510.
Calyx five-parted. Corol five-petalled. Germ superior,
one-celled, many seeded, attachment parietal. Capsule -
one-celled, three-valved. Seed comose. Eabiye centri-
fugal ; no perisperm.
1. T. indica. Kon. Mss.
Arboreous. Panicles terminal, racemed. Style single.
and short. Anthers double, and crowned.
T. Chinensis. Lour. Cochin Ch, 228.
T. Articulata, Vahl. Symb, 2. 48, t. 32. Willd, 1.1498.
Sans. Jhavuka.
Beng. Shou, Jhouca, Jhaoo.
Tamarix. PENTANDRIA TRIGYNIA. 101
This species grows to be a middling tree, is a native
of sandy islands in large rivers or on their sandy banks,
or in the vicinity of the sea, between Upara and Pan-
tacota, on the coast of Coromandel, It flowers during
the latter part of the rainy season.
Trunk often as thick as a man’s body, from six to
twelve feet high, generally crooked. Bark scabrous.
Branches numerous spreading in every direction ; their
bark greenish, with brown scabrous specks. Zeaves mi-
nute, sessile, pressing close to the branchlets ; on the ex-
tremities of the young shoots, imbricated ; on those more
advanced in size, more remote, occasioned by the increas-
ing size of the branchlets, Flowers small, white, exceeding-
ly numerous, collected on many terminal racemes forming
a very large, beautifully drooping panicle. Bractes leaf-
like, solitary, one-flowered. Filaments twice the length
of the petals. Anthers four-lobed, with a terminal point.
Style short, single, more than half way three-cleft ; divisi-
ons or stigmas recurved, feathery.
When it meets with a good soil, it has a very elegant
appearance, particularly when in flower.
2. T. dioeca, R.
Dioecous, arboreous. Leaves short, obliquely truncat-
ed. Panicles terminal. Male flowers pentandrous, Fe-
male with five abortive stamens.
Beng. Lal Thon,
Picpula. Asiat. Res. 4. p. 268.
A native of the islands in the Ganges and of its banks
above Sook-saugor, where it blossoms during the rains,
at which period, in some situations, little more than the:
tops of the plants are to be seen above water. In our
gardens it is in flower the greater part of the year and is
highly ornamental.
Trunk short, covered with dark-coloured, cracked bark,
Branches very numerous, spreading in every. 1
102 PENTANDRIA TRIGYNIA. Pharnaceum.
with their extremities drooping. Leaves tubular, ob-
liquely truncated, pointed, smooth ; in fact, they appear
more like joints of the bark than leaves. Spikes termi-
nal, simple, cylindric, often drooping, and so numerous
as to compose the most beautiful drooping panicles on
the extremities ef the branches and branchlets. Flowers
very numerous, sessile, small, rose-coloured, inodorous.
Bractes triangular, acute, one-flowered.
MALE Fiowers. Calyx five-leaved. Corol five-pe-
talled. Petals linear obloug, emarginate. Filaments five, —
longer than the petals. Anthers purple, two-lobed, with
a projecting gland between them. Pistillum nothing more
in all the flowers I examined, than a three-lobed gland in
the centre of the flower.
. Femate HerwapuHRopire FLowers on a separate
plant.
Calyx asin themale. Petals rather broader than in
the male. Filaments five, the length of the germ. An-
thers sagittate, glands without the appearance of pol-
len. Germ three-lobed. Styles three, longer than the
corol, Stigmas clavate, recurved, retuse. Capsules co-
nical, three-sided, one-celled, three-valved, hid in the
withered calyx, and corol, Seeds numerous, compressed,
seemingly imbricated,
PHARNACEUM. Schreb. gen. n. 517. ‘
Calyx five-leaved. Corol none. Capsule three-celled,
many seeded,
1. P. Mollugo, Wilid. 1, 1508. |
Annual, procumbent. Leaves verticelled, lanceolate ;
peduncles lateral, one-flowered. Sterile filaments alter-
nate with the stamina ; anther twin ; capsule subcylindric.
Seeds with a reflected ‘Maient,
Alcine erecta. Burm. Zeyl. 13. t.7.
«
Pharnaceum. PENTANDRIA TRIGYNIA, 103
Molluga spergularia sp. plant, 131, Burm, flor. Ind. 3.
tsi f.4,
Beng. Ghima Sag, or Shak. Shak means a pot herb.
Common over India, generally a weed in gardens during
the cold season.
2. P. pentagynum. R.
Annual, prostrate, dichotomous, hoary with stellate
down. Leaves opposite, round. Flowers axillary.
Beng. Doosera-sag.
It appears during the cold and the beginning of the hot
season, on dry land that has lately been, or is in cultiva-
tion.
Root perpendicular, seems fi ecual. Stem none, but nu-
merous, alternate, jointed, dichotomous branches, spread-
ing close on the ground, they are round, covered with
soft, stellate pubescence, and from one to two feet long.
Leaves opposite, petioled, obovate, or roundish, with
smaller leaves in their axills; all entire and, like the
branches, petioles, &c, hoary with stellate down. The flow-
ers stand on the upper side of the branches between the
insertions of the leaves, from two to six together, short-
peduncled. Calyx five-leaved, the outside covered with
stellate down, permanent. Corol none. Filaments gene-
rally five, though sometimes more, even as far as ten, short,
Siero round the base of the germ. Anthers two-lobed.
above, conical, five-sided, five-celled, five-valved
opening from the apex. Seeds numerous, reniform, orna-
mented with regular lines of elevated points, inserted by
a large white vesiculated umbilicus to the bottom of the
capsule which is continued in a seemingly Fete Ss
white filament reflected over the seed.
The tender shoots are used by the natives in their cur-
ries.
It has the habit and appearance of Chews: oides
or ot dictamnoides, but the number of stamens and at a
104 PENTANDRIA TRIGYNIA, Basella.
want of the nectary or corol forbid my considering it
as even a species of that genus. I have repeatedly exa-
mined the flowers of different plants at different periods
and places without ever being able to discover any thing
like a corol or nectary, so that I must consider this a
non-descript or Glinus lotoides itself, and that the former
descriptions thereof have been inaccurate.
*
BASELLA. Schreb. gen. n. 520.
Calyx seven-cleft, with the two opposite divisions
broader ; at last it produces a berry. Seed one.
B. alba. Willd. 1. 1514.
Perennial, twining. Leaves cordate, smooth, entire,
fleshy.
Batsalla hura, or Matto-batsalla, are its Telinga names
when cultivated ; and Alla-batsalla, when wild.
Poi, the ea and Hindoo name of the cultivated
variety and bun-poit when wild.
Gandola alba. Rumph. amb. 5, p. 417.
The natives of the Coromandel coast reckon five varie<
ties of this ; three of these are cultivated, and two wild ;
the wild ee are,
Ist. Yerra,or Poha-batsalla, the ‘Telinga name of the
red wild Batsalla.
Ructa bun-poi of the Bengalees.
Basella rubra. Willd. 1.1513. |
Gandola rubra. Rumph. amb. 5. 417. t. 154. f- 2. bad.
Is found wild in hedges, &c. twining round other plants
to a considerable extent, the stems, and branches smooth,
as thick as a quill, and deeply tinged red.
d. Alla-batsalla, above mentioned, grows with the |
last in hedges, and differs from ito in the colour of the
stems, and branches ; here they are always pale green,
Evolvulus. PENTANDRIA TRIGYNIA. » 105.
The cultivated sorts are ;
Ast. Yerra, or red garden Batsalla.
' It differs from the wild red in being more luxuriant ; it
is not much cultivated.
2nd. Mattoo, or white Garden Batsalla.
Poi, of the Hindoos and Bengalees.
Like the last, it differs from the wild white only in being
more luxuriant, according to the nature of the soil, and is
much cultivated. The abeve two are generally raised
from the seeds,
3d. Pedda, or large Batsalla of the Telingas.
B. lucida, and cordifolia. Willd. 1. 1514."
Poi-sag of the Hindoos and Bengalees.
Basella. Rheed. Mal. 7. t. 24.
This is much cultivated, and always from slips taken
from the old plants ; it grows to a great size running over
extensive, trellises, erected for the purpose, and gene-
rally about the houses of the natives, where its numer-
ous, large, succulent branchlets and leaves form a most
agreeable shade to protect them from the heat of the sun.
This variety is also more used as a pot herb by the na-
tives, than any of the other four, though all are reckoned
equally wholesome.
I think the whole may be reckoned varieties of one spe-
cies, and probably Basella Japanica Burm. ind, t. 39. f. 4.
is idittings more than from a stunted specimen of one joa
these varieties, —
EVOLVULUS. Schreb. gen. n. 524.
Sales five-leaved. Corol. companulate, plaited, Germ.
Capsules superior, two-celled cells, two-seeded.
LE. alsinoides. Willd. 1.1517. —_
- Perennial, diffuse, hairy. Leaves subsessile, oblong,
»
106 PENTANDRIA TRIGYNIA, Evolvulus.
hairy. Peduncles from one to three-flowered ; fruit droop-
ing.
2. E. hirsutus. Willd. 1. 1517.
Vistnu-clandi. Rheed. Mal. 11. t. 64.
Anagallis hirsuta minor. Burm, zeyl. t. 6.f. 1. and t. 9.
J. 1, seems also the same plant.
Is a native of the various parts of tages and in blos-
som most part of the year,
Root perennial. Slem scarcely any, but numerous, very
slender, cespitose, round, bifarious branches, which, while
young, are covered with long, soft, white hairs. Leaves
alternate, bifarious, subsessile, oblong, entire, hairy on
both sides. Peduncles axillary, solitary, longer than the
leaves, jointed near the middle, where two opposite,
lanceolate bractes are inserted ; from one to three-flow-.
ered, but one is the most common number ; while in blos-.
som erect, afterwards drooping. Calyx of five lanceolate,.
hairy leaflets. Corol rotate-campanulate, margin almost
entire, deep bright blue. Stamens crowning the mouth of.
the very short tube. Germovate. Styles two, but each.
three-fourths two-cleft.. Stigmas simple. Capsule, and.
seed as in Convolulus,
3. E, pilosus. R.
. Perennial, diffuse, hairy. Leaves sessile, linear-lanceo-
late. | Peduncles three-flowered, and amply bracted.
Style single, two-cleft.
A native of Hindoosthan. In the Botanic Garden at
Calcutta, it is in flower most part of the year.
Root perennial. Stem scarcely any, but several, some-
what ligneous branches spread ¢lose on the ground ; ten-
der parts clothed with soft, appressed hairs. Leaves al-
ternate, remote, sessile, linear-lanceolate, hairy, Pe-
duncles axillary, very short, hairy, three-flowered. Flow- s
ers nearly sessile on the common peduncle. _Corol short-
PREG Ne al RARER ETE ae eae ee
sok ae aa
2 RAN aie
Aralia, PENTANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. 107
campanulate, white ; margins crenate. Style single, two-
cleft.
A. E. angustifolius, R.
Diffuse, filiform, every part clothed with brown, serice-
ous pubescence. Leaves sessile, linear-lanceolate. Pe-
duncles longer than the leaves, from one to three-flower-
ed, Styles two, each two-cleft.
A native of the Moluccas, agreeing well with Brown’s
figure of Convolvulus herbaceous erectus, 152. t. 10. f. 2.
except that his plant is erect, and nearly smooth; whereas
this spreads on the ground, and is very villous. I there-
fore think it must be different.
; PENTANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.
ARALIA. Schreb. gen. n. 525,
Involucre to the umbellet. Calyx five-toothed. Corol
five-petalled. Germ five-celled ; cells one-seeded, at-
tachment superior. Berry inferior, five-seeded, Embryo
inverse and furnished with a perisperm.
1. A. digitata, R.
Subarboreous, unarmed. per digitate. Leaflets,
broad-lanceolate, entire. Panicles terminal.
Unjala. heed - Mal. 7. £. 28,
Hind. Dain.
A native of the Circarmountains and lately Sand by Dr.
- Buchanan about Lukshmeepoor. Flowering time the rainy
Season. Young trees are in the Botanic Garden at Cal-
cutta, where they grow luxuriantly, but always continue
bushy, somewhat scandent, and from the lower branches,
many roots continually descend into the ground or em-
brace other trees, The bark is smooth, and on the i
sh¢ cots of a bright deep green colour, ae
* Leaves round the ends of the young shoots « lig
N2
iM
108 PENTANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. Aralia,
Leaflets petiolated, generally five or six, and of different
sizes, oblong, pointed, entire, smooth on both sides, the
shortest about the length of the common petiole. Petioles
stem-clasping, round, smooth. Petiolets the largest
about an inch round, and smooth. Umbellets globular,
numerous, inserted alternately on many long, terminal,
leafless ramifications the whole forming a large open pa-
nicle. Flowers very numerous, small. Calyx ; involucre
of the globular umbellet, scarcely any. Perianth a five-
sided marginal elevation round the germ, Corol ; petals
five, inserted on the five marginal sides of the perianth.
Stamens five. Germ inferior, five-celled, with a single ovu-
ja in each attached to the top of the cell, &c. exactly asin
the ripe state. Berry round, size of a small pea, smooth, —
yellow, five-celled. Seed solitary, attached to the top
of the cell immediately under the remains of its stigma,
straight and sharp on the inner edge, convex and
broad in the interior. Integument single, white. Peris-
perm conform to the seed, entire, pure white, of a firm
and rather tough consistence. Embryo inverse, scarcely
half the length of the perisperm. Cotyledons two, linear,
Radicle cylindric, superior, immediately within the um-
bilicus.
In Hedera terebinthacea “which this species most
resembles, the style which is single, is as long as the fi-
lament, and ends in a single acute stigma; consequently
they cannot be the same, though in the Banksian herbari-
um 1 believe my plant is there marked H. terebinthi-
ana. |
2. A. umbraculifera. R.
Arboreous, unarmed. Leaves pinnate; leaflets numer-
ous; inflorescence terminal.
Papaja silvestris. Rumph. Amb. 1, p. 149. t. 53, f. 1.
- A native of the Molucca Islands, from thence introduc- _
od into the Botanic — at Calcutta in 1798 ; where :
ame ‘ e ¥
Linum. PENTANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. © 109
it blossoms in April, but has never ripened its fruit in
Bengal.
Trunk straight, perfectly simple, about twelve feet hig h,
and eighteen inches in circumference, towards the top
marked with the large cicatrices of the fallen leaves,
otherwise perfectly smooth, and ash-coleured. Leaves
round the top of the plant, below the inflorescence, une-
qually pinnate, drooping, about six feet long. Leaflets
about twenty pair, opposite, subsessile, drooping, ovate-
lanceolate, margins waved and slightly serrate, very
smooth on both sides, upper surface shining ; length
from four to eight inches, and from two to three broad,
Petioles smooth, sharp on the upper edge, jointed at the
insertion of the leaves, and then much swelled. Inflo-
rescence, I will call it an immense terminal pannicle is-
suing as in Corypha umbraculifera, from the apex
of the simple Papaya-like stem and composed of nu-
ous, primary, diverging, compound branches, of from
three to four feet in length, while the numerous di-
verging branchlets thereof are from six to nine inches
long, and support numerous alternate diverging pedun-
cles of small, globular heads, of from six to -
sessile, greenish, stellate flowers. Bractes minute. In-
volucres also very minute. Calyx superior, obscurely
five-toothed, Petals five, broad-lanceolate, spreading.
Filaments shorter than the petals, spreading. Anthers
ovate. Germ inferior, crowned within the insertion of
the petals and stamina, with a convex, grooved, coloured
gland ; from its centre rise the five styles, which are in
some degree coalesced, and shorter than the corol, Stig-
mas five, distinct, and simple.
LINUM., Schreb. gen. n. 528.
Calyx five-leaved. Corol five-petalled. Capsule su-
perior, from five to six-valved, from ten to twelve-cel
——" ae
110 PENTANDRIA PENTAGYNIA, Linum.
1. L. usisatissimum. Willd, 1. 1533.
Annual, ramous. Calyx and capsules mucronate. Pe-
tals crenate. Leaves alternate, lanceolate.
Sans. Utusee.
Hind. Tisi.
Beng. Mushina.
Much cultivated over the Northern waits of India for
the seed, from which the Hindoos extract the oil. They
make no use of any other part of the plant,
2. L. trigynum. R.
Shrubby. Leaves alternate, oval. Filaments united at
the base with alternate sterile bristles. Styles three. —
sules six-valved, twelve-celled.
_ Hind. Gool ashruf.
This beautiful plant I have only met with in the gar-
den of the curious about Calcutta, though it is indigenous
in Hindoosthan, and the eastern parts of Bengal. Flow-
ering time, the cold season. It grows readily from
bits of the root; consequently, is easily propagated ; it is
~~ jndeed, a troublesome, though beautiful weed.
a
_ Stem or rather branches numerous, sub-ereet, the whole
shrub about two or three feet high. Bark ash-coloured.
Leaves alternate, short-petioled, ovate-oblong, with a
bristle-like point, the larger are most minutely serrate
toward the apex ; both sides smooth, size very various.
Stipules minute, Flowers solitary, peduncled, large, of
a bright, deep, rich yellow colour, inodorous. Bractes
none, unless some small floral leaves which surround the
_ peduncles near the base may be so called. Calyx five-
leaved ; leaflets lanceolate, acute, smooth, erect, perma-
nent, Petals five, claws the length of the calyx, forming
_asitwereatube. Border flat, round, entire, inserted
below the bristles, into the ring formed round the germ by
the union of the base of the filaments, on the outside of
the neck of each petal are two small toothlets. Filaments _ é
Aegelatis, PENTANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. | lili
five, as long as the calyx, becoming broad towards the
base, and then united with five, small, intermediate bris-
tles placed betweenthem. Anthers sagittate. Germ su-
perior, globular, six-celled, with one ovula in each, attach-
ed to the top of the axis, Styles three, considerably long-
er than the stamens, Stigma headed, undivided. Cap-_
sule globular, smooth, size of a large pea, six-celled, six-
valved. Seeds solitary, reniform.
This plant. is highly ornamental, Miller’s two figures in
plate 268, are not unlike it in any respect ; yet I think
itis evident they cannot be the same; it seems more
nearly allied to Linum, for in all respects the characters
agree perfectly, except in the three styles and capsule. I
have therefore called it Linum trigynwih.
AEGELATIS. Brown.
Calyx cylindric sulcated, five-toothed. Petals five and
with the five filaments, united at the base. Germ supe-
rior, one-celled, one-seeded, attachment from the base of f
the cell to the apex of the ovula.. lacing, a ee
A. rotundifolia. R.
Leaves alternate, orbicular ; petioles long, sheathing
and winged.
A small ramous shrub found with Rhizophora, &c.
growing on the banks of the salt-water creeks which
intersect the lower part of the delta of the Ganges,
Flowering time December.
Stem scarcely any, but many pe smooth, di-
chotomous branches and branchlets. Leaves alternate,
petioled, orbicular, entire, glossy, most finely veined,
from two to three inches each way. Petioles as long as
the leaves, sheathing, broad-winged, smooth ; when they —
drop, annular, permanent marks are left in the branches. -
Racemes axillary and terminal, the latter dichotomous
112 PENTANDRIA PENTAGYNIA, Aldrovanda.
or even stbpanicled, round, and smooth. Flowers nu-
merous, pretty large, pale yellow, short-pedicelled.
Bractes three to each flower, oval, sheathing, clammy.
Calyx cylindric, sulcated, clammy, mouth five-toothed.
Corol, it may be called one-petalled, with filaments insert-
ed on the mouth of the tube ; or five-petalled, and those
inserted on the tube, formed by the base of the filaments,
lamina oblong, recurved over the mouth of the calyx. Fi-
laments five, shorter than the corol. Anthers linear-ob-
long. Germ superior, oblong, five-grooved, closely em-
braced by the tube, formed by the stamina and petals,
one-celled, containing a single ovula, pendulous at the
end of a long umbilical cord which rises from the bot-
‘tom of the cell. Styles five, rather longer than the Sta-
mina. Stigmas large.
ALDROVANDA. Schreb. gen. n. 529.
Calyx five-parted. Corol five-petalled. ‘Capsule su-
perior, five-valved, one-celled.. Seeds longitudinally af
~ fixed toctthé inside of the valves of the pericarp.
A. verticillata. R.
_ Twining. Leaves verticelled, wedge-shaped,
Beng. Malacca-jhanjee.
Found swimming on ponds of water over Bengal dur-
ing the cold and hot season. .
Thave never seen it in any other form than that of
detached pieces from one to three inches long, sometimes
ramous, sometimes simple. The stems are round and
smooth with verticells of six or eight leaves at every
quarter of an inch or less. ie
Leaves sessile, verticelled, wedge-shaped, oie ip
four or five bristly horns of nearly the same length; over —
the insertion of the middle pair is inserted a crescent-shap-_ =
ed, winged utricle, the body of which is inflated, and 4
a
Drosera, PENTANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. 113
serves to keep the plant suspended on the water. Pedun-
cles axillary, solitary, about the length of the leaves and
their horns, one-flowered. Calyx, corol, &c. as in the ge-
nus except that here the seeds are numerous.
DROSERA. Schreb. gen. n. 531.
Calyx five-cleft. Corol five-petalled. Capsule supe.
rior, one-celled opening into five valves at the top, Seeds
numerous,
D. Burmanni. Willd. 1. 544,
Scapes axillary. Leaves radical, cuneate, spatulate,
ciliate, pressing close on the ground in a circle. Stipules
petiolary, varicose, from three to six-cleft. :
Ros solis zeylanica, &c. Burm. zeyl. t, 94. f. 2.
Native of Coromandel, Ceylon, &c,
D. indica. Willd. 1. 1546.
Stems ramous, leaf-bearing. Eeuveés linear. ciliate.
Ros solis ramosa. Burm. zeyl. t. 94. f. 1.
Araka puda. Rheed. Mal. 10. t. 20. |
A native of Coromandel, &c. Flowering time the cold
_ season,
és o
CLASS VI.
-HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
URANIA., Schreb. gen. n. 539.
Calyx acommon spathe. Corol six-petalled. Germ 4
three-celled. Ovula numerous ; aifachment septal. Cap-
sule inferior, three-celled, hace caleot Seeds in two rows,
axilled, Embryo centripetal, and furnished with a peris-
perm,
U. speciosa. Willd. 2.p.7. _.
> Rayenalia madagascariensis, - Sonner. it. ind. 208. t
124-5 and 6.
In 1802 three plants of this elegant tree were brought
from. the Island of Mauritius by Capt. Tennant to the
Botanic Garden at Calcutta. They were planted in dif.
ferent soils, and situations... That which was in a very
moist place, and in a rich brownish black soil, throve
more Juxuriantly than the other two, though in a soil
equally rich but lighter coloured, much higher and drier;
the former flowered for the first time about the close of _
1806 and again in September, 1807, when the accompany- __
ing and following description was made. The seeds
of the first crop of flowers ripened in November, 1807.
Trunk of the tree now in flower, simple, and straight,
eighteen inches to the leaves, and thirty-six in circum-
ference, round, and marked with the circularimpressions =~
Urania. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 115
‘of the leaves that have fallen off. Leaves cauline, bifa-
‘rious, alternate approximating, petioled, erect when
they first appear, and in all directions from that to di-
-verging when about to decay, like the ribs of a semicir-
cular fan, linear, oblong, nearly truncate at both ends,
very smooth on beth sides, veins simple, diverging in a
waving line, length about six feet and the breadth from
two to three. Petioles about eight feet long, sheathing, a
deep groove runs along the upper edge, except for two or
three inches at the apex ; under side round, and smooth.
Spadix axillary, solitary, much shorter than the peti-
oles ; in our young trees many leaves intervene ; bifarious; —
branches simple. «Spathes, common, three or four, alter-
nate, embracing the stalks of the spadix, which are most-
ly hid in the groove of the next petiole below. Partial
spathes about twelve, cuneiform, from twelve to twenty-
four inches long, the inferior being about twice the length
of the uppermost, each enclosing about ten flowers in
each side, every one of these flowers is also embraced by
its own proper spathe. Flowers large, white, sessile, al-
ternate in two rows on the upper side-of- the branches of
the spadix, before expansion, imbricated in a horizontal
line ; when expanded, erect, inodorous; while in blossom -
the spathes are all completely filled with a super-abun-
dance of clear, gelatinous matter. Calyx no other than
the spathes already described. Corol six-petalled, three
inner and three outer, all nearly ensiform, straight,
and of a firm rigid texture, five of them are nearly equal ©
in size ; the sixth (one of the inner three) much small-—
er, ‘the other two of this series adhere lengthways _
by their margins, overlapping each other, which m:
have occasioned the corol to have been called -
petalled, but their distinct insertions, and separat
both above and below, readily point to very distir
petals, Stamina six, the length of the corol. Anthers_
’ linear, slightly recurvate, twice ‘as long as their thic!
ss 02 ie
Le ee
< Ws,
116 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Bromelia,
filament. Germ inferior, obliquely linear, three-celled
with two vertical rows of ovula in each cell attached
to the partition. Style rather longer than the sta-
mina, straight and very stiff. Stigma clavate, perforat-
ed, three-lobed, lobes bidentate, and acute. Capsule
inferior, linear, oblong, less convex on one side, and the
separation marked by two opposite, longitudinal, sharp
ridges; size of a small cucumber, smooth, dark brown,
ofa hard, tough fibrous texture, three-celled, three-valv-
ed, opening from the apex. Seeds many, reniform, in
two rows, attached to the inner edge of the partition, each
enveloped in its proper, beautiful azure-coloured axil (the
robe of Urania.) Perisperm conform to the seed, white,
friable. Embryo pointing immediately to the umbilicus —
of the seed, pure white ; varying its shape from that of a —
common flask to that of a retort.
BROMELIA. Schreb. gen. n, 540.
Calyx three-parted. Petals three, with a nectarial —
scale at the base ofeach, Berry superior, three-celled.
1. B. ananas. Willd. 2. 7.
Leaves ciliate with spinous points. Spike tufted,
Kapa-tsjakka. Rheed. Mal.11.¢.1.and2, _
Beng. Ananas. ) ag
Ido not know that it has been found indigenous in ‘any. a
part of India. Its not being a native of India is supported
by the various vernacular names, evidently derived from
ananas, as well as by their being no Sanscrit name for so _
remarkable « a plant, A thing which could scarcely have _
happe med if it had been a native of the East Indies. The
general flowering time in India is about the beginning of _
the hot season. sit
There is a very beautiful striped-leaved variety of this _
species found at Malacca, is
eet
‘Burmannia. © HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 117
BURMANNIA. Schreb. gen. n. 542.
Calyx gibbous, mouth six-toothed ; the alternate one
very small, (or they may be called petals.) Corol
none. Stamina in pairs. Capsule inferior, three-celled,
Seeds numerous,
1. B. disticha, Willd. 2. 16.
Leaves sword-shaped. Spike double.
Burmannia spica gemina, Burm. zeyl. p. 50. t. 20.f. 1.
It is a native of Ceylon.
Root of numerous capillary fibres, annual. Leaves radi-
_ cal, sword-shaped. Scape erect, from twelve to twenty
inches high, round, pointed, with a sword-shaped sheath
at each joint. Spikes double, spreading in opposite di.
rections. Bractes lanceolate, one-flowered. Flowers e-
rect, subsessile on the upper side of the spikes, pale blue.
Calyx gibbous, one-leaved ; mouth six-parted, divisions
alternate, larger permanent, and keeled on the back,
Corol none, unless the three smaller divisions of the calyx
be so called. Filaments none. Anthers three, joined
to the sides of three large, ox-head-shaped glands, affix-
ed to the calyx just below the smaller divisions thereof.
Germ ii erior, three-sided, three-winged, the wings a
continuat.on of those of the calyx. Style erect. Stigmas
three, large, emarginate. Capsule three-winged, three=
cornered, three-celled, three-valved. Seeds numerous, __
2. B. triflora. R.
Flowers about three in a terminal head. Leaves ensi- —
form. Found by Mr. W. Roxburgh on Prince of Wales’
Island. Root annual, consisting of a few small fibres,
Leaves, few round the base, those of the scape ensiform, _
smooth. Scape filiform, erect, generally simple, invested _
in a few remote leaflike scales ; height about six inches. _
Flowers from two to four, terininil; short-pedicelled, al
—:
118 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Tradescantia. —
and beautiful. Bractes ensiform, one at the base of each
pedicell. Calyx superior, subcylindric, amply three-
winged, mouth six-toothed, the three alternate, (Corol
of Linnzeus,) very small, and ensiform. Filaments short —
in the mouth of the calyx, Anthers three-pair, Germ —
inferior, Style rather shorter than the calyx. Stigma —
three-cleft. Segments emarginate, adhering to the stami-
na. Capsule three-celled, Seeds numerous, minute,
attached to the inner angle of the cells.
TRADESCANTIA. Schreb. gen. n. 543.
Calyx three-leaved, or three-parted. Filaments Lead
ed, or naked. Germ three-celled. Cells few-seeded; at«
tachment inferior. Capsule superior, three-celled, threes _
valved. Seeds few. Emoéryo inthe back of the ample
perisperm, centrifugal. jig
1. T. axillaris. Willd. 2. 20. Ka
Annual, creeping. Flowers axillary. Calyx atten -
ed. _Corol one-petalled, Filaments bearded, and club« —
bed. ame nil: eh
Nir puila. Rheed. Mal. 10. p.2.¢.13, ..
Hind. Baga nella.
-‘Teling. Gola gandee. a0
Annual, a native of moist pasture ground, pears ik
of rice fields, &c, appearing and flowering during the —
wet and cold season. at
Root fibrous, Stem, there is in young plants an erect A
one, but in old ones it is depressed, and appears like one
of the many long creeping branches that issue fromits —
base, all are round, smooth, jointed and often coloured.
Leaves alternate, sheathing, lanceolate, spreading, striat-
ed; mouths of the sheaths ciliate, Flowers axillary two or _
three, but in succession, so that there is never more than
one expanded at a time, they are pretty large ; colons: Oe.
Tradescantia, HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 119
deep, beautiful, blue purple. Calyx membranaceous,
three-parted. Corol one-petalled, funnel-formed ; tube
cylindric, twice as long as the calyx. Segments three, cor-
‘date. - Filaments six, the length of the corol, and inserted
into its tube near the base; toward the apex Swelled
into an oblong pellucid body, and a little below sur-
rounded with beautiful, jointed hairs. | Anthers incum-
‘bent. Germ superior, three-sided. Style the length of
the stamens, and near the apex swelled like the flarsents.
Cattle are very fond of this plant.
2. T. tuberosa. . Corom. pl. 2. n, 100.
Perennial, creeping ; radical leaves ensiform, cauline,
lanceolate, and downy. Spikes crested. Corol one pe-
talled. Filaments bearded and clubbed.
A native of moist vallies.
Root tuberous, perennial. Stems ‘giver: creeping,, ‘a
round, jointed, from six to thirty inches long; there
is a tuft of three or four, liliaceous, sword-shaped leaves,
issuing immediately from the heads of the tuberous
roots or rather Se i nei ee
whence the roots and procumbent stems issue. Leaves.
of the stems linear-lanceolate, sheathing, striated, under.
side tinged with purple and downy. Spikes terminal, or ,
_ from the interior axills, one or two together ; peduncled, ,
beautiful, imbricated as in F. cristata, with two rows of,
falcate, ciliate bractes._ Flowers one in the axill of each
bracte, small, blue purple, — Corol one-petalled, &c. asin ~
the last described. Stamens and pistil as in T. axillaris.
3.T. paniculata. R.
Annual, partly erect. Leaves lanceolate. Panicles ier-»
minal. Corols three-petalled. Filaments naked,
‘Teling. Kanda amadikada. |
A native of moist vallies. i bis
Root i Stems creeping, isuitle their 2
120 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Tradescantia.
tremities erect, jointed, smooth. Leaves lanceolate,
sheathing. Mouth of the sheaths woolly. Panicles ter-
minal, globular, many-flowered, hairy. Flowers small,
blue. Calyx three-leaved, hairy. Corol three-petalled,
the superior two, large, and ovate, the third lanceolate,
Filaments simple, inserted round the germ, as longa as the
petals, without hairs or swelling, i
4, T. sabrtciite Corom. pl. 2. N. 108.
Creeping. Leaves lanceolate-cordate, stem-clasping —
and sheathing. Spikes secured, imbricated with two
rows of bractes. Corols one-petalled, funnel-shaped.
Veetla caitu. Rheed. Mal. 7. t. 58.
Common on wet ground over most parts of India during ;
the latter part of the wet season. a
Root annual. Stems or branches creeping, jointed, round, —
pretty smooth, a small woolly ridge runs from joint to”
joint, being a continuation of the fissure of the base of —
the leaf next above ; length from one to two feet, Leaves —
= stem-clasping, sheathing, lanceolate-cordate, entire, ”
"womewiat fleshy, beautifully striated ; margins woolly, —
otherwise smooth, from two to three inches long, and
about one broad. Spikes terminal, solitary, sessile, re-
curved over the base of the last leaf, which may be eall-
ed a common spathe, secund, imbricated with two pairs —
of lunulate, sessile bractes, each row generally consisting
of from six to sixteen pair. Flowers sessile, one to
each bracte, opening in succession, pale blue. Calyx —
three- parted, ciliate on the back and margins. Corol one- _
petalled, funnel-shaped; border of three equal divisions. —
Filaments inserted round the base of the germ, spirally —
twisted, and hairy, Style spirally twisted, naked. Stigma 4
pitcher-shaped. Seeds two in each cell, pitted on the back. —
Note. The corol being of one petal eaceienr the idea -
of its being T. cristata,
There is a variety with dark Glas. flowers.
~
Pontederia. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. BE
PONTEDERIA. Schreb. gen. n. 545.
Calyx, spathe common. Corol six-petalled or parted.
Stamina and style ascending. Capsule superior, three-
celled, three-valved, *
_1.P. vaginalis. Willd. 2. 23. Corom-plh-n~L0———
Leaves cordate, acute, from: five to seven-nerved ; ra--
cemes peduncled, after the flowers decay, recurved.
Carimgala. Rheed. Mal, 11 t. 44.
Sans. Neelotpala. |
Beng. Nouka-
Teling. Nirocancha.
A native of the borders of sweet water lakes or marshy
places. It flowers. during the rains,
Root perennial, creeping. Leaves radical, narrow-cor-
date, pointed, entire, smooth, glossy ; ; from two to four ©
inches long, and from one/to.two broad, _ Petioles sub-
erect, tapering, fistulous, smooth, from six to twelve
inches long; those that bear a raceme are swelled a lit-
tle about the middle, and there open like a spathe length-
ways near the base, those that do not bear flowers are
enlarged into a sheath, which embraces the exterior
_ leaves. Raceme short-peduncled, after flowering time,
drooping, from six to twelve flowered. Pedicels about
three ausTise of an inch long. Flowers blue and pretty.
aes other than the common spathe of the raceme.
a Petah a six, the three exterior are the smallest, and oblong,
the three interior obovate. Filaments ascending, in-
‘Serted round the base of the germ, the lowermost one is
generally broad, and two-cleft, its lower division bears a
blue anther, the other nothing ; the rest are yellow.. Germ
og superior. | Style single. ae gladular. |
2 P. hastata, Willd. 2.21. Corom. pl. 2. NU.
: Leaves triangular, or hastate, pointed, na
: seerr sessile, erect. ‘*
ae oe ee
122 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Pontederia,
Teling. Neroo-Tamara.
A native of marshy places, or shallow standing sweet
water. It flowers during the rainy and cold season.
Root perennial, thick, spongy, creeping when long, a
little flexuose with many fibres issuing from every part.
Leaves radical; those that bear the flowers a little more
‘elevated; but differing in no other respect from the rest;
broad-sagittate, or triangular, very entire, pointed, very
smooth and glossy, from six to seven inches long,
and from five to six inches broad, posterior angles gene-
rally obtuse. Petioles the flower-bearing longest and
grooved a little, swelled near the apex, and there on the
fore part, split like a sheath for the passage of the ra-
ceme ; the other petioles are increased near the base into
a large sheath, which embraces those within ; they are ta-
pering, sometimes spotted with small purple dots, from
eighteen to twenty-four inches long, and not grooved like
the flower-bearing petioles, or scapes. Racemes subsessile,
erect, while they are in flower, while young, globular, but
lengthening as the flowers expand. Spaihes ovate. Flowers
numerous, pedicelled, closely surrounding every part of
the raceme ; those nearest the apex begin to expand first,
and continue in succession down; they are large, and of
a beautiful bright blue, violet colour. Pedicels round,
smooth, about an inchlong. Petals six, withering, the
three interior largest, and obovate; the three exterior ob- _
long. Filaments six, short, the lower rather longer, and
as in the last bifid or broad and undivided with a double
anther. Anthers linear, erect, the lowermost one is
much larger and blue, the rest are yellow. Germ superior,
ovate, with three cells, each containing numerous ovula
attached to a vertical thickened line, or a receptacle on
ach side of the partition. Style single, ascending, rather
‘onger than the stamens, Stigma downy. _
Pontederia. WHEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 123
3. P. Plantaginea. R.
Diffuse. Leaves narrow, cordate. Racemes pédundied.
three-flowered,
Plantaginis stellate folie. Pluck. t. 2215. f. 4. agrees
much better with this, than with P. vaginalis.
A native of marshy, or watery places“over Banga —
It flowers during the rains. Stems annual, and very tri-
fling, but spreading on the ground for a few inches so
that the radical fibres issue through the sheathes of the
leaves and strike into the earth. Leaves petioled, nar-
row-cordate, entire, taper, obtuse-pointed, smooth ; lobes
- semicircular; nerves about five, and faintly visible on the
under-side only ; the largest of the leaves is about two
inches long and one broad. Petioles from three to four in-
ches long, round, variously curved, with an opening about
the middle on the inside for the raceme ; from the mouth
of the stem-clasping base, a very large tapering ligule, or
bracte rises. Racemes peduncled, from two to four-flow-
ered, and erect till they decay, then recurved. Flowers
large for the size of the plant, short-pedicelled, bright,
deep blue. Calyx the spathe of the raceme, inserted
near its base. Corol one-petalled, to the base six-cleft ;
divisions lanceolate, the interior three narrower. Fila-
ments five smaller, and one large, with a hornlet as in
P. vaginalis and hastata. Anthers on the small filaments,
small and roundish; on the large, sagittate, oblong. Germ
oval, three-celled, each: containing numerous ovula at-
tached to septal receptacles. not far removed from the
axis. Style shorter than the stamina. Capsule oblong,
three-celled, three-valved. Seeds numerous, round.
4. P. dilatata. Syme’s embasy to Ava.
Leaves cordate-sagittate. Umbel peduncled, prt
flowers numerous, long-pedicelled.
Hind, Cacheree. pitas 2
A Native of page &c. It flowers during the rainy
a
P2
124 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Pancratium.
5. P. sagittata. R.
Leaves sagittate ; umbel sessile ; flowers long-pedicel-
led, -
A Native of low wet places near Chittagong.
PANCRATIUM. Schreb. gen. n. 551.
Corol superior, infundibuliform, crowned with a cam- :
panulate, staminiferous nectary.
1. P. zeylanicum. Willd. 2. 41,
Leaves linear-lanceolate. Spathe one-flowered, Sex:
menis of the corol longer than the tube, Stamens incur-
ved. Nectary twelve-toothed. Lilium Indicum, Rumph.
Amb.6 t. 70 f. 2. anda tolerably good figure, but Cat-
tuli Pola, Rheed Mal. 11 t. 40 mustcertainly be excluded.
A native of the Molucca Islands and of Ceylon, from
both places the roots have been received into this Gard-
en, where they blossom about the beginning of the rains.
Root a round, smooth, truncated bulb, about an inch
and a half in diameter. Leaves radical, bifarious as far a
as ten or twelve from the ae bulb ; slightly recurved, 2
linear-lanceolate, pointed, smooth, from six to twelvein- __
ches long. Scape axillary, shorter than the leaves, a lit- _ .
tle compressed, smooth, supporting a single, large, pure — 2
white, faintly fragrant flower, which expands about sun- — o
set, and fades next morning. Spathes membranaceous. —
length of the tube of the corol. Corol superior; tube ~
cylindric ; segments of the border linear-reyolute, longer ie
than thetube. Nectary or crown of the corol spreading
wide i in the shape ofa shallow bowl. The twelve divi-
_ sions of its border acute, Filaments scarcely so long as
the segments of the border of the corol, incurved. i
ri
2. P. longiflorum. B, H. ; nae
Leaves narrow lanceolate. Spathe one-flowered. Seg- 4
ments of the corol _linear-lanceolate, half the length. of
Pancratium. -HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 125
the tube. Stamens incurved, scarcely longer than the
divisions of thegibbous campanulate-twelve-toothed nec-
tary. '
_ A native of the Moluccas, from whence the roots
were brought to the Botanic Garden at Calcutta in-—~
1798. Itisin blossom about the beginning of the rains.
Leaves radical, narrow-lanceolate, deep green, and
smooth on both sides ; length about twelve ffiches, and
Jess than one in breadth.
Scapes much shorter than the leaves, and even short-
er than the tube of the corol, compressed, one flowered.
Flowers large, pure white, fragrant. Corol ; tube pale
green, cylindric, a little furrowed, about six inches long.
Filaments incurved, and very little longer than the divisi-
ons of the nectary. Anthers large.
3. P. biflorum. R. :
Leaves linear-cuneate. Spathe from three'to four-leav-
ed, two or three flowered. Coro! with a long, slender, three-
sided tube and linear segments of the same length. Sinu-
ses of the nectary erose. Filaments length of the nectary,
A native of India, but scarce. Flowering time in the
Botanic Garden at Calcutta, the rainy season,
Leaves froin four to eight, bifarious, erect, flat, linearly
wedge-shaped, rather obtuse, smooth on both sides, slight-
ly reticulated with transverse green veins ; length about
twelve inches, by one broad. Scape shorter than the
leaves, erect, smooth, a little compressed, supporting two
or three, large, pure white, faintly fragrant flowers.
Spathe three or fuur-leaved, two-flowered ; leaflets of va-
rious sizes and linear. Corol ; tube pale whitish green,
three-sided, slender, from three to four inches long, divi-
sions of the border linear, first expanding, then recurved,
about as long as the tube.. Nectary broad funnel-shaped,
Scarcely one third the length of the lacinize of the corol, — ie s
ee between the filaments erose. Filaments cape oe
: two or three. bulbs seeds.
126 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Crinum. —
long as the nectary, spreading. Anthers first yellow, ;
afterwards brown. Style longer than the stamens. Stig- :
ma three-lobed.
A. P. triflorum. R.
Spathes three-flowered. Leaves linear acute ; Segments —
of the corol shorter than the tube ; fissures of the nectary :
alternately deeper, in which the incurvate stamens are 4
inserted.
Beng. Sada-kanoor.
An elegant species, with large fragrant flowers. a
Since writing the above, I have seen in the 2nd. Vol. —
of the Linnean Society’s Transactions, Mr. Salisbury’s des-
cription of P. verecundum, which he thinks is P. maritimum —
of Linneus, and from his acurate figures and description, —
find that my plant differs from his in the following ree
pects. 2
Ist. Here the leaves are more numerous, acute-point- 3
ed and not bifarious. a
2nd. Here there are only from two to four flowers in the
fascicle as also the ten divisions of the mouth of the nec- —
tary, are longer, waved, much more pointed than in his,
and the filaments are at Jeast two or three times longer 2
than those divisions, whereas in his they are about the —
same length ; so that I conceive this must be another s
species. -
CRINUM. Schreb. gen. n. 553.
Calyx ; Involucre spathaceous. Corol infundibuliform, e
six-parted, Filaments inserted on the mouth of the tube-—
Germ inferior three-celled ; ovula few ; attachment lateral.
Berry inferior, somewhat fleshy, evalyular, containing Z
Crinum. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 127
Sec. Ist. FLowrERs REGULAR.
1. C. amoenum. R.
Bulbs spherical. Leaves linearly tapering, smooth,
margined, length of the inflorescence ; umbels from fourte———_
six-flowered, regular, sessile,
An elegant small species ; a native of Silhet where it
‘is called Gocinda by the natives. It flowers in April
and May, as well as now and then during the rains.
Bulbs small, and nearly round. Stemless. Leaves from
six to twelve from each bulb, sparse, linear, toward the
apex tapering, straight, more or less channelled, particu-
larly toward the base ; margins slightly scabrous ; from
one to two feet long and about an inch and a half broad.
Scape from the axills of the old leaves, solitary, about a
foot long, round, and smooth. Umbels from four to six-
flowered with some filamentaceous bodies mixed amongst
them. Spathe two leaved. Flowers large, white, sessile,
Tube of the corol from three to four inches long, three-
comered ; border of six equal, regularly disposed, linear-
iekbpcias: recurved segments, which are about as long as
the tube ; apices acute, and alternately uncinate. Fila-
ments nearly as long as the border of the corol, ascend-
ing,red. Anthers linear. Germ inferior, sessile, oblong,
polished, seemingly three-celled ; ovula many, attached
to the two margins of the three-receptacles, which are
substantially attached to the walls of the ovarium and
Only meet in the centre; for on drying a transverse sec-
tion, they separate spontaneously from the margins to the
Centre, and again each of the three has a fissure from the
inner angle toward the insertion. Style above the tube,
incurved, coloured like the filaments, and rather longer
| than they. Stigma three-lobed. :
2. C. asiaticum. Willd. 2. 45. : a
Root an oblong bulb with a fusiform crown. : Stemies. sf: =
—
_ subsessile, fragrant during the night. Corol ; tube cyl
«
128 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Crinum.
Leaves sparse, rigidly linear, chanelled, ebtuse, jointed ;
margins smooth. Umbels from ten to twelve flowered ;
flowers subsessile. Style as long as the stamens.
Beng. Sookh-dursun.
Belutta pola taly. Reed. Mal. Vol. 11.€. 38. ;
This plant, which I now consider to be Crinum asia- %
ticum of Linneus, may have been the only asiatic. species
known to him when he wrote his Flora Zeylanica, grows
on the moist muddy or swampy banks of rivers and is in
blossom the greater part of the year, and is no doubt
Rumph. second species of Radixtoxicaria. Herb, Am. 6. p.
156. which like ours delights in swampy banks of creeks,
&c. where mud abounds. :
_ Root bulbous, with a terminal, stoloniferous, fusi form
portion issuing from the crown of the bulb, descending
deep into the mud or earth; from the last mentioned pot
tion issue the ramons fibrous roots. Stem none. Leaves —
radical, equally disposed on every side, linear, concave,
(so much so that asection forms nearly a perfect sewicit-
cle,) no keel ; margins smooths ; length from one to three
feet, and Cs broadest little more than three-fourths of
aninch. Scapes generally shorter than the longer leay
a little compressed. smooth, often coloured. Umbels with
from six to sixteen flowers. Spathe two leaved, with f
liform bractes amongst the flowers. Flowers lates ite,
dric, from four to six. inches long, coloured, or “pale-greem,
according to exposure, smooth. Divisions of the bord
linear-lanceolate equally disposed; margins waved alittle,
ayecurved process at the apex of each. Filaments &
qually disposed, ascending, upper half coloured. Anthers-
linear, incumbent. Germ beneath’ Style as long as the
stamina, declined. Stigma simple. Berry membranace
ous, subglobose, containing in one cell, one or two rugose,
bulb-like seeds and although the flowers are sul sub:
the — are — a
pa
Crinum, HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 12
Note. I suspect that two or more, very distinct spe-
cies have hitherto been included under one specific name ;—
which I have now assigned to the above described, by
far the smallest of the two, and no doubt Van Rheede’s
Beluta pola tali. The other, Rumphius’s first species
of Radix Toxicaria, which is the one he has figured, and
now called by me Crinum Toxicarium, was, | believe, con-
sidered by Konig to be C. latifolium of Linn. and was for-
merly described and figured by me as such.
3. C. ensifolium. R.
Bulb ovate. Leaves sparse, straight, énsiform:”
A native of Pegu from thence introduced by Dr. W.
‘Carey into the Botanic Garden at Calcutta but has not yet
blossomed there. In habit it most resembles Asiaticum
but differs from that species in the shape of tbe bulb.
The leaves also differ, for here they are less channelled,
taper more toward the apex whichis much shorter ; other
differences will, no doubt, be found when the flowers ap. -
pear.
4. C. brevifolium. R.
Bulb stemless. Leaves rigid, straight, lanceolate, broad,
obtuse-pointed, waved, margins smooth. Umbels from
ten to twelve flowered ; flowers regular, short-pedicelled.
Segments of the border equalling the trigonal tube.
This elegant, rather small, very well marked species,
has been introduced from. the Mauritius into the Botanic
Garden at Calcutta where it blossoms during the hot and
Yainy season.
Leaves six or eight from each bulb, sparse, straight,
Spreading a little, lanceolar, broad, obtuse, pointed, mar-
gins smooth, from twelve to eighteen inches long, and.
two and a half or three inches broad. Scapes from
the axills of the old withered leaves, much compress- .
ed, about twelve inches high, Involucre two-leaved,
from ten to twelve flowered. Flowers large, whites and
: ie Q
oo ae
130 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Crinum,
faintly fragrant, short-pedicelled. Tube slender, about
three inches long, trigonal. Segments of the border six,
linear, recurved, length of the tube. Filaments equal,
and equally disposed, shorter than the segments of the
border. Anthers linear, incumbent. Germ, style, and
stigma as in the other species.
5. C. longifolium. R. :
Bulb spherical, stemless.. Leaves linear, long, droop-
ing, channelled, maryins slightly scabrous. Umbel from
ten to twelve flowered ; flowers subsessile,
__A native of the interior parts of Bengal where it was
found in single plants among grass, and on low inundated.
ground, by Dr. Carey, and by him introduced into the
Botanic Garden at Calcutta, where it flowers and ripens
its seed during the rainy season, It comes nearest C.
asiaticum, but differs muchin appearance, and in the size —
and shape of the bulb, This being a much better looking
plant, the bulbous root has not the long spindle-shaped
crown of that species, which penetrates deep into the mud
on the borders of creeks, where that plant is fase: “aed
found,
Root many strong, fleshy Sbies! from the crown of :
round, tunicated bulb, which penetrate deep into the
soil. Leaves many, equally disposed in all sides, de-'
clinate, tapering regularly from the base to a fine point; —
general length from two to three feet, including their —
withered apices, concave, but no keel, margins cartilagte
nous, and hispid, striated, breadth about two inches at
the base. Scapes axillary, length various ; in low inun-
dated places, sufficiently long to raise the flowers above
the water ; in the Botanic Garden, on dry ground, always
much shorter than the leaves, variously bent, a little
compressed, smooth. Umbel, with from eight ‘to twelve
sessile, large white, fragrant flowers, intermixed with
filiform bractes. Spathetwo-leaved. Calyx none. Corol
Crinum. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. | 131
and tube subcylindric, inside rugose, about four inches
long. Segments of the border linear-lanceolate, rather
shorter than the tube. Filaments ascending, coloured,
nearly as long as the segments of the corol. Anthers
incumbent, brown. Germ oblong, three-celled, each con-
taining many (from eight to sixteen) ovula attached, or ra-
ther immersed in the margin of their vertically oblong pa-
rietal receptacles. Style as long as the stamina, above
the tube coloured. Stigma small, three-lobed. Pericar-
pium ( Berry) subrotund, from one to two inches in dia-
meter according to the number of seeds, swelled out —
where the seeds are lodged, crumbling away, or other-
_ wise decaying. Seeds from one to eight or ten, shape and
size varying according to the number.
6. C. lorifolium. R. , :
Bulb cylindrically-ovate. Leaves very long, thong-
shaped, margins scarcely scabrous. Umbels with about
twenty pedicelled regular flowers.
A native of Pegu, from thence introduced by the Rev.
F. Carey, into the Botanic Garden at Calcutta» where it
flowers about the close ofthe rains. It has immenselylong,
weak, recumbentleaves, the breadth of which at the base,
the broadest part, is rather under two inches, and the
length five feet. The bulbs thrive well, and produce ’
abundance of suckers, by which it is very readily multi-
plied. : ! iyity Fone ee!
7. C. Sumatranum. R. 5
“Stemless. Leaves \inear-lanceolate, straight, stiff, chat.
nelled, margins hispid. . Umbel from ten to sige fescss de ;
ered, flowers subsessile, regular.
- A native of the interior parts of Sumatra, from thence -
Dr. Charles Campbell sent the plants to the Botanic Gar- _
den at Calcutta in 1801, where they thrive well reset
Som at different. periods ofthe year, tA
Q2
132 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Crinum, —
Root perennial, ovate, with many thick, fleshy, fibres,
descending from its crown. Stem none, at least scarcely
any thing that can be so called has yet appeared after
ten years culture, Leaves radical, straight, rigid, linear-
lanceolate, rather obtusely pointed, concave on the upper
surface ; smooth on both sides, with their margins whit- _
ish, callous and hispid, held between the light and the’
eye, beautifully striated with double lines, and tessellated
with transverse green veins, from three to six feet long,
and from three to six inches broad. Scapes axillary, so- —
litary, much shorter than the leaves, smooth, a little’
compressed. Umbel from ten to twenty-flowered. In-
volucre two-leaved, with filamentaceous fibres mixed
amongst the pedicells. Flowers large, white, pedicelled. _ e
Corol ; tube cylindric, about four inches long, divisions of
the border linear, as long as the tube, having their —
apices alternately hooked. Filaments ascending, colour-
ed, shorter than the segments of the corol, Anthers li-
near, incumbent. Germ inferior, subsessile, scarcely
thicker than the tube ofthe corol, three-celled, in the in-
ner angle of each isa fleshy succulent receptacle in which
one, two, or three seeds are found immersed. Style a
shorter than the stamina. Fruit the size of a man’s fist 3
cells uncertain, the partitions being obliterated, but the :
whole contains one, two, or three large, bulbiform seeds,
covered with a tender, somewhat fleshy envelope, which
does not open in any regular form, but soon decays.
*.
8. C. canaliculatum. R.
Stemless. Leaves linearly tapering, nie aveapetiaes
_ twice the length of the inflorescence. Umbels, from
thirty to fifty-flowered ; flowers pedicelled, regular, Seg-
ments of the border linear, channelled; obtuse, longer —
than the tube. Leaves from eight to fourteen, sparse, li
near, tapering near the apex channelled, margins quite
smooth ; from three to five feet long, and {rom three to four-
Crinum, HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. ~_ 338"
inches broad. Scapes from the exterior axills, solitary,
about two feet long, surface smooth, inside flattened, about
as thick as a man’s thumb. Umbels composed of about
forty middling-sized, pure white, long-pedicelled, sweetly
fragrant flowers. Tube of the corol sub-semicylindric,
two and a half inches long ; border of six linear chan-
nelled, obtuse, alternately uncinate, recurved segments,
which are larger than the tube. Filaments scarcely more
than half the length of the segments of the border of the
corol, ascending towards the point, coloured. Anthers li-
near. Germ elevated on pretty long, thick pedicells, and
as in the other species, only apparently three-celled, the
receptacles being in fact parietal, and only meeting in the
centre ; ovula several, in two vertical rows, attached to the
double margin of the receptacle. Sty/e above the mouth
of the tube, three-cornered, and about as long as the fila-
ments. Stigma of minute lobes.
9. C. superbum, R,
Caulescent. Leaves lanceolate, smooth, margined. Um-
bel of from twenty to thirty, pedicelled flowers ; tube of
the corol equalling the regular border.
A native of the interior forests of Sumatra from thence
‘sent by Dr. Charles Campbell to the Botanic Garden at
Calcutta where it thrives luxuriantly, and blossoms at
various periods through the year. This is the largest and
by far the most beautiful species of Crinum I have yet
met with, and if the fragrance of its numerous large flow- _
ers is taken into the account, it is probably the most de- ©
sirable of all the liliaceous tribe. .
Root of many fleshy, ramous fibres from the rounded ‘
base of the stem, for there is scarcely any appearance of
abulb, Stem short, in six or seven year-old plants from
twelve to eighteen inches high, as thick as aman’sleg, or
more, invested with the withered sheathes of the leaves, oe
from its base and lower part shoots spring, in such abun-
ne eanil”
a
134 ~~. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Crinum,
dance as to render it readily multiplied. Leaves sparse,
sheathing, lanceolate, straight and smooth, margins also
smooth ; points blunt, deeply concave on the upper sur-_
face ; held between theeye and the light they are beau-
tifully striated with numerous, simple, straight, longitudi-
nal lines, and between these, tessellated with transverse, —
green veins; from three to six feet long, and from three to.
six inches broad about the middle, which is the broadest’
part. Scape from the stem immediately below the leaves
about three or four feet long, much compressed, particu- _
larly on the inside, and about as thick asa man’s ~
thumb. Umbel from twenty to thirty-flowered. Involu-
cre of two large, long, cordate, reflexed, coloured exterior — 2g
leaves ; with numerous filaments mixed among the flow-
ers. Flowers very large, pedicelled, rose-coloured, de-
lightfully fragrant ; tube obscurely three-sided, about five
or six inches long, deeply. coloured ; segments of the bor-
der equally disposed, linear-lanceolate,revolute,as long as,
or longer than the tube, deep rose colour on the outside, _
pale pink within, apices alternately uncinate. Germ in- .
ferior, oblong; three-celled, with a few ovula in each, at-
tached to a fleshy receptacle, which appear to originate ;
in the centre, from the axis, but their real insertion is in-
to the walls of the Germ. Style declinate, the length of
the deeply coloured, equally incurved, slender filaments.
Stigma small, perforated, and obscurely three-lobed.
The ripe seed vessel has not yet been seta, they :
have continued abortive in Bengal. at
9. C. toxicarium, R. ee
Caulescent. Leaves sparse, lanceolar. Flowers pedi-
celled, numerous, even as far as sixty ina hemispheri¢ —
umbel, Capsules with one or more bulbiform seeds.
- Crinum asiaticum. Bot. Meg! N. shoal 2 has the im
leaf of this species. bere’
Radix toxicaria. Rumph. Amb. 6. var. 1st. p. 15868:
é
Crinum. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. “235__
Beng. Bura-kanoor.
Cing. Tolaho.’
I have only found it in gardens; where it is indigenous
I cannot say, in Ceylon I believe. | Flowering time the
wet season, though more or less the whole year.
Stem short, but distinct, and stout. Leaves linear-lan-
ceolar, very smooth ; margins most entire ; under side ele-
gantly striated length-ways with deeper and lighter
green; from three to four feet long, and from five to se-
ven inches broad. Scapes axillary, shorter than the
leaves, smooth, a little compressed, as thick as a man’s
thumb. Flowers numerous, often fifty, growing in a he-
mispherical umbel, white, almost inodorous. Spathe
two-valved, with filiform bractes mixed among the
flowers. Stigma small, entire, three-sided. Berries round-
ish, the size of alarge pigeon’s egg, smooth, crowned with
the lower part of the remaining tube of the corol, seldom
more than one-celled, without any natural opening, and
containing one or more large, bulb-like, rugose, firm
fleshy seeds ; though in the germ there are the rudiments
of three cells with many seeds in each,
_ Its immense large, beautiful, smooth, deep green
leaves, make it conspicuous and desirable in the Flow-
er Garden.
This plant has hitherto been blended with Crinum asi-
aticum, though no two species of liliaceous plants, of the
Same genus, canbe more strongly marked, not only by
the size, shape of the leaves, and number, &c. of the flow-
ers in the umbel, but still more strongly by Toxicaria,
being caulescent; and the other most perfectly desti-
tute of every appearance ofa stem. It ought to be com-
vored with Willdenow’s Crinum bracteatum. |
10. C. nervosum. Willd. 2. 47.
Se ae area: poet 2 Spathes many
136 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Crinum.
Cepa sylvestris. Rumph. Amb. 6. p. 160. t. 70. f. 1.
Pancratium amboinense. Willd. 2, 45:
Introduced from Amboyna into the Company’s Botanic
Garden at Calcutta, where it blossoms in May and June, | :
but rarely ripens its seeds. :
Root bulbous, perennial. Leaves radical, petioled, re-
niform-cordate, many-nerved, entire, smooth on both
sides ; length and breadth nearly the same, andin healthy
luxuriant plants about ten or twelve inches each way.
Petioles smooth, deeply channelled. Scape erect. Spathes
three, many (from thirty to fifty) flowered. Flowers
pedicelled, large, pure white, and fragrant. Bractes
chaffy, intermixed amongst the pedicells of the flowers.
Corol infundibuliform. Tube slender, straight ; divisi-
ons of the border shorter than the tube, alternately lan-
ceolate and cuneiform, Filaments inserted by broad, lo-
hate, sometimes united, fleshy bases, into the mouth of
the tube of the corol, rather shorter than its divisions.
Anthers incumbent. Germ.beneath, three-celled, with
two seeds in each, attached to the inner angle of the cell. :
Style rather longer than the stamens. Stigma simple,
acute. _ Berry asin the other species but smaller, and
with rarely more than one bulbiform seed,
Sect. J. Flowers declinate.
7 U. augustum, R. : ad
Bulb columnar, mostly above ground. Leaves sparse,
lanceolate, channelled, smooth-margined. Scapes lateral,
the length of the leaves ; umbels of from twenty to thirty,
pedicelled, declinate flowers. ;
From the Mauritius this magnificent plant has been
introduced into the Botanic Garden at Calcutta, where it
blossoms at various times throughout the year, but with
the greatest luxuriance during the rains; the scapes are
as thick asa child’s wrist, above three feet long, and of
a dark, reddish purple colour, the umbels have then about —
Crinum. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 137
_ thirty sweetly fragrant, rosy flowers, on pedicells from
one to two inches long; and coloured like the scape;
tube of the corol from four to five inches long, colour a
lighter purple; segments of the border lanceolar, six inches
long’; filaments and style purpie, declinate, with the in-
cumbent anthers yellow. This is the only species
known to me with any thing like a stem, and declinate
flowers, nor can I reconcile it with any one cf the many
species of Crinum or Amaryllis hitherto described in any
book that I have met with. |
12. C, latifolium. Sp. pl. 419.
Bulb spherical, stemless. Spathes many, from ten to
twenty-flowered. Flowers sessile, declinate, with an ob.
liquely campanulate border, Leaves lanceolate, margins
scabrous. _ 3
_Amaryllis latifolia, Willd. 2. 57.
Sjovanna-pola-tali. Rheed. Mal. 11. t. 39.
Amaryllis ornata. Bot, Mag. N. 923, agrees so well
with this as to induce me to think they are the same, or
only varieties of one species.
A native of Bengal where it begins to blossom with
the first showers in April, and continues to do so during
the early part of the rainy season. s
I long considered this most stately plant, a variety of
C. Zeylanicum, but on taking up some of the bulbs of
both sorts to send to England, I observed a greater
difference in their appearance, than can be traced in
the parts above ground, though even their disagree-
ments are sufficiently conspicuous to justify the separa-
tion. The following description will be found more com-
parative than usual with me, on account of their resem-
blance and no doubt both belong to Crinum, at least to
_ the same genus, with our East India Crina. I do not a
therefore think L, Heritier, and after him Wil
2 3
138 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Crinum,
have rendered Botany any service by changing the place
of C. Zeylanicum and latifolium.
Root a spherical, tunicated bulb, often two feet in cir-
cumference and rather more flattened at the base, than —
on the opposite end. In C. Zeylanicum it is ovate, never
solarge and abounds more in cobweb-like fibres. Leaves
numerous, radical, disposed equally on all sides, lanceo-
late, waved, smooth, tapering slowly from within a few
inches of the base to rather a broad and obtuse point;
margins scabrous, with minute, cartilaginous denticuli,
length from one to three feet, and from three to five in-
ches broad ; in Zeylanicum, they are much narrower, the
rib much more prominent, the length as much as three feet,
the margins much more waved, and perfectly smooth; this —
mark alone is sufficient to distinguish the two plants.
Scapes from the axills of the decayed leaves, somewhat
compressed, as thick as a man’s thumb and from twelye
to twenty-four inches long ; in Zeylanicum it is longer, and
coloured. Umbels with from ten to twenty flowers ; in Zey-
lanicum rarely so many ; spathes (in both) two, ofan ovate,
conic form, with many soft filaments mixed amongst the
flowers. Flowers sessile, large, tube green ; border very
~ palerose, almost white, faintly fragrant, particularly when
they first expand soon after sunset. In Zeylanicum they
arescarcely so large, and the colours aremuch more bright,
almost like Amaryllis vittata. Corol ; tube declinate, cy- r
lindric,obscurely three-sided, about four inches long. Bor-
der campanulate, horizontal ; segments lanceolar, with ra= —
ther soft, subulate points; length between three and —
four inches. Filaments six, shorter than the segments of
the border of the corol, inserted on the mouth of the tube,
declinate, with apices sharp, and always erect. Anthers —
falcate, incumbent and tremulous, pale yellowish grey. —
In Zeylanicum they are brown. Germ inferior, oblong,
three-celled, with several ovula in each, attached in two —
vertical rows, to the two lobes of the thick fleshy recep-
Crinum. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 139
>
tatles, which are substantially united to the wall of the
germ, and only seemingly so to each other in the centre.
C. Zeylanicum and our other Indian Crinums have exact-
ly the same germ, and all produce large bulbous seeds,
Style filiform, declinate, projecting beyond the stamina.
Stigma small, three-toothed. Pericarpium ; berry, as in
the plants quoted in the last paragraph, a soft some-
* what fleshy perishable envelope which covers one, two,
or three, rarely more large, fleshy, bulbiform seeds; no ~
trace of either partitions or stutures to be found.
13. C. zeylanicum. sp. pl. 321. Syst. veg. Murr. 318, &c.
Bulbs ovate, stemless, Spathes many, from ten to twelve
flowered. Flowers sessile, declinate with a long recurved
tube, and oblique, campanulate border. Leaves linear-
lanceolate, keeled, much waved, drooping ; margins
smooth, ,
Beng. Sookh durshun.
Tulipa Javanica. Rump. Amb. 5. t. 105.
Amaryllis lineata. Lamarck Encycl. 1. 128.
A. zeylanica. Willd. 2. 56.
A. ornata. Bot. Mag. 1171.
Grows wild on low, rich, uncultivated ground, and ge-
nerally on the banks of rivers and water courses, Flow-
"ers first in May, and continues doing so during the rainy
season. ones
Spathes two-leaved with linear membranaceous brac- ~
tes amongst the flowers. Corol ; tube very long, recurv-
ed. Berries aud seeds exactly as in the other species.
Note. When the plant is suffered to remain some years
in the same place, it multiplies so much, as to throw the
bulbs nearly even with the surface of the earth, and then —
they appear to have stems, which are formed by the con- -
centric sheathes of the leaves, as in the more pees cau-
lescent species. Date asi! ps
Crinum giganteum, Andrew's Bot. Rep. 169, has . ip. ce
R2
140 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Amaryliis,
been introduced from the Mauritius, into the Botanic Gar- |
den at Calcutta, where it grows luxuriantly, and blossoms ~
with the other species, in May, and during the rains. It
has almost the exact flowers of my C. latifolium, with |
nearly the leaves of this species, only rather longer, and
narrower, margins more waved as in Amaryllis spectabilis,
N. 390. of the same work, curled, and scabrous ; in Zeyla-
nicum they are smooth.
14. C. moluccanum. R.
Bulbs spherical; stemless, Spathes from four to six- —
flowered; flowers sessile, declinate ; tube recurved,
equalling the lanceolar segments of the border, Leaves
linear-lanceolate, waved, reclinate ; margins scabrous, —
This most elegant, rather small species, was introduc-
ed from Amboyna, into the Botanic Garden at Calcutta
in 1798, where it blossoms during the rainy season, ge-
nerally in July and August, |
AMARYLLIS. Schreb. gen. n. 554. 2 Zs
Corol hexapetala, irregular. Filaments from Fre
mouth of the tube, declinate, upeanalt in proportion, or
direction. :
1. A. radiata. Willd. 2. 60. eee ;
Spathe two-parted, many-flowered. Flowers pedicel-—
led ; tube short ; divisions of the border unilateral, linear,
waved, revolute. Stamina and style ascending, longer
than the corol. pe
Chin. Yuk-lan. es
, A native of China, blossoming during the rainy season .
in the Botanic Garden at Calcutta.
2. A. aurea, Willd. 2. 57. Bot. Mag. 409, |
Spathe from six to eight flowered ; flowers short-pedi-
Allium. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 141
_ celled, declinate ; segments of the border linear, revolute,
and waved. Leaves linear.
A native of China ; from thence introduced into the
Botanic Garden at Calcutta, where it blossoms about the
close of the rainy season,
ALLIUM. Schreb. gen. n. 557.
Spathe many-flowered. Umbels collected. Corol six-
petalled, expanding. Capsules superior, three-celled.
1. tuberosum, R.
Root tuberous. Scape naked, nearly round, having
only a ridge on one side. Leaves linear, flat. Umbels fas-
tigiate ; capsule-bearing, :
Beng. Bunga-gundeena.
This plant I find cultivated about Calcutta by the Hin-
doos, yet [cannot well reconcile it with any species hi-
‘therto described. It grows in large tufts, like A. schoeno-
prasum, or Cives.
Root tuberous, perennial, with numerous long, white,
fleshy fibres. Leaves radical, united for an inch or two, by
means of their sheathes, into something like a short stem,
above thesheathes they are linear, somewhat twisted,a lit-
tle concave on the upper side, and convex underneath,
smooth, about halfthe length of the scapes. Scapes naked,
rising amongst the leaves, suberect, round, with a pretty
sharp ridge on one side, tapering from the base. Umbel
fastigiate, crowded. Spathe single, membranaceous, wi-
thering. Petals oblong, acute. Stamens equal, simple,
shorter than the petals.
The Hindoos use it as an article of diet as leeks are
used in Europe, and other countries.
9 Perens: Willd. 2. GA.
poe poate bie Umbel Se Stamens three-point ee
142 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. ° Allium.
Beng. Gundeena.
Pers. Gundana.
Arab. Koomass,
3. A. sativum, Willd. 2. 68. —
Stem flat-leaved. Umbel bulbiferous. Bulb compound.
Stamens three-pointed. .
Sans. Lusoona, Mahoushwdha, &c.
Beng. Lusoon, but generally pronounced Rusoon.
Pers. Seer.
4. A. cepa. Willd. 2. 80.
Scape naked, gibbous near the base, longer than the
colummar leaves.
Arab. Besel, or Bassul.
5. A. ascalonicum: Willd. 2. 75. te
Biennial. Scape naked, round, a little swelled below,
and longer than the sub-columnar leaves. Umbels round, ig
many-flowered, Stamens alternately swelled at the base.
Petals equal, expanding, shorter than the stamens, = ,_—|
Beng. Peeaj.
Sans. Pulandoo, Fe
This very useful onion, is much cultivated in India
during the latter part of the rains, and the cool, dry —
months of October, November, December, January, an
February, by planting the smaller bulbs, and offsets, or
by the seed. The dry roots are universally sold in every —
market over India, and form a very considerable partof
the diet of the natives. The general price in Calcuttais _ : :
about two shillings the hundred weight.
Root biennial, or more, consisting ofa fascicle of seve- .
ralovate oblong bulbs, generally (as found in the markets,)
about as large as the first joint of the middle finger, Leaves —
somewhat bifarious, fistulous, more than semicylindrical,
tapering, pointed, compressed toward the apex, smooth’
7
Curculigo. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 143.
and shorter than the scapes. Scapes rising from the cen-
tre of the short stem formed by the united sheathes of
the leaves, naked, round, smooth, slightly swelled towards
the base and from thence tapering to the umbel, from
one to two feet long. Sheathes shorter than the umbel,
irregularly bursting into two or three subovate segments.
Umbels globular, as much as two bundred-flowered. Flow-
ers like those of the common onion, (Cepa.) Petals
equal, expanding, shorter than the stamens, white, with
agreen keel. Filaments erect, alternately dilated at the
base. Anthers ovate, green.
GLORIOSA. Schreb. gen. n. 561.
Calyx none. — Corol six-petalled reflex. Germ supe-
rior, three-celled. Cells many-seeded, attachment cen-
tral. Style oblique. Capsule three-celled, three-valved.
Seeds several. Embryo double, furnished with a peris-
perm.
1. G. superba. Willd. 2. 95.
Root bulbous, biennial. Siem herbaceous, Leaves lan-
ceolate, ending in a tendril,
Mendoni. Rheed. Mal. 7. t. 57,
Hind. Cariari. . Kar hCard
Beng. Ulat-chandal. Eesha langula,
_ Native of forests of India ; it appears during the rainy —
season in Bengal, and is one of the most ornamental plants —
any country can boast of; the root is said to be a violent
Poison,
CURCULIGO. Gort.
Calyx none. Corol superior, pedicelled or sessile ;_
border six-parted. Germ three-celled, Cells many-seeded ; ws
attachment central. Capsule veined, one.three-celled:
144 _ ‘'HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. - Curculigo. —
Seeds few. Embryo cylindrical, radicle centripetal ; peris-
perm arople.
1.C. orchioides, Geert. Sem. 1. 68. Willd. 2. 105. Corom.
pli. n. 18.
Polygamous. Leaves linear-lanceolar, plaited ; apices
viviparous. Corol long-pedicelled. 4
Nela pana kelangu. Rheed. Mal. 12. t. 59. good. Or- —
-chis amboinica major. Rumph, Amb. 6. t.54,f.1.
- ‘Teling. Nanla, Tadee. 3
A native of shady, uncultivated places about Samul- 7
cota, though by no means common ; in my garden ite
flowers all the year round. ee
Root perennial, tuberous, with many fleshy, vermicu- i
lar, fibres spreading in all directions. Stem none, Leaves —
numerous, radical, petioled, narrow-lanceolar, nerved, .
slender, when young there are a very few soft white hairs
on them ; from six to eighteen inches long, and from half
an inch to an inch broad, their apices are viviparous,
whenever they rest on the ground for any length of time.
Petiols channelled, below sheathing, so as to embrace
those within. Racemes solitary, axillary, two-ranked,
with their apices just appearing above the earth. Pedun- —
cles compressed, clavate, about an inch long. Bractes
one-flowered, below remote, above nearer, spathiform
pointed, decreasing in length towards the top, so thatthe
‘ apices of the whole are nearly horizontal, (corymbiform).
Flowers pretty large, yellow, the one or two lowermost —
are HERMAPHRODITE, above, all are male, ge :
HerMaruropits. Calyx none. Corol one- petal 2
the border elevated above the soil on a long, slender, vil-
lous imperforated pedicel ; segments of the border six, lan-
ceolate, spreading, hairy on the outside. Filaments six,
very short, inserted on the base of the segments of the bor-
der of the corol. Anthers linear, erect. Germ inferior, ses-_
sile, lanceolate, three-celled, with several ovula in each,
Curculige. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 145
attached to the axis. Style very short. Stigma large,
tapering, apex more or less three-cleft. Capsule, when
a germ, it shows three-cells, with the rudiments of six or
eight seeds in each, bit when the seeds are ripe, the num-
ber is only from one to four in the whole, and they seem
as if in a transparent, fleshy, one-celled capsule, separat-
ed by a spongy substance. Seeds from one to four, shin-
ing black, beaked. Male peduncle, corol, and stamens
as in the hermaphrodite ; no germ, style, or stigma.
Noite. Itisa plant of no great beauty, nor are its flow-
ers fragrant ; variety alone must sprommend it to a place
in the Flower Garden,
2. C. recurvata. R.
Leaves lanceolar, plaited. Raceme globular, recurved.
Corol sessile, rotate. ene bacciform, round, many-
seeded.
It is a native of the eastern frontier of Seacai Siva
thence received into the Botanic Garden at Calcutta,where
it blossoms, and ripens its seed the whole year round.
. Root perennial, consisting of many fleshy fibres proceed-
ing from a tuberous, stoloniferous body. Stem none. Leaves
Yadical, petioled, lanceolar, recurved, plaited, entire,
Smooth on both sides, from one to three feet long, and
from two to six inches broad. Petioles deeply channelled,
®ne-third, or one-fourth the length of the leaves. Scapes
axillary, about as long as the petioles, compressed,
Nillous, apex recurved... Racemes solitary, strobiliform
drooping. Bractes spathiform, solitary, singly one-flower-
ed, villous, tapering, about as long as the pedicells and
flowers taken together. Flowers hermaphrodite, yellow,
€xpanding three quarters of aninch, Calyx none. Corol.
Superior, sessile, rotate, six-parted. Segments lanceolate,
Spreading, villous on the outside, smooth and yellow,
on the inner persistent, Filament short, inserted on the
146 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Curculigo.
short tube of the corol. Anthers linear, erect, adhering |
to each other as in the syngenesious tribe. Germ obo-
vate, hairy, three-celled, with many ovula in each, at-
tached to the axis. Style longer than thestamens. Stigma
dilated, subtrilobate. Capsule berried, inferior, ovate,
the size of a large pea, soft, and clothed with hairs, not
opening, three-celled with several seeds in each, arranged
in two or three vertical rows, and attached to the axis,
Seeds round, the size of a small grain of black pepper, and
like it black, and wrinkled. Inéeguments two; exterior |
hard, thick, red, and brittle; inner, a brown membranace-
ous crust. Perisperm contorm to the seed, cartilaginous,
pale blue. Embryo simple, cylindric, straight, penetrat-
ing from the umbilicus more than half through the peris-
perm, (centripetal.) _.
3. C. sumatrana, R. :
Leaves broad-lanceolar, plaited. Spike half hid in the
earth. Corol pedicelled. Stigma three-lobed.
Involucrum, Rumph. Amb. 6. 114. €. 53.
A native of the mountains of Sumatra, and from thence —
sent by Dr. Campbell to this ‘Garden in 1800, ‘where .
blossoms in March and April.
- Root stoloniferous, perennial. Stem none. Leaves radi-
cal, few, petioled, lanceolar, recurved, plaited, above
smooth, somewhat woody underneath, entire, about
nine inches long, and about three broad. Petioles deep- oo
ly channelled, from three to four inches long, smooth.
Spikes strobiliform, mostly hid in the earth, the points of
the bractes, and flowers only are visible. Bracies ovate-
lanceolate, hairy, one-flowered, shorter than the pedicels
of the corols. Flowers yellow, the lower hermaphrodite,
while those that occupy the crown of the spike, and of
course expand last, are generally male. Calyx none —
Corol flat, elevated above the germ, on anerect, hairy —
columnar pedicel; segments six, lanceolate, united at the
Scilla. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 147
base, withering. Filaments six, short, inserted on the unit-
ed segments of the corol, §Anthers erect. Germ flask-
shaped, villous, three-celled, with many ovula in each, at-
tached to the axis. Style crooked, shorter than the petals,
Stigma enlarged with three small lobes.
=
SCILLA. Schreb. gen. n. 567.
Calyx none. Corol six-petalled, spreading, deciduous.
Filaments filiform.
1. S. indica. R.
Bulb tunicated. Leaves narrow and taney from the
base. Racemes simple, longer than the leaves. Flowers
remote, solitary, long-pedicelled, drooping.
_ A native of the sandy shores of various parts of India.
Flowering time the month of March and April.
Root a round, white, perennial, tunicated bulb, about
the size of a large apple.. Leaves numerous, radical, sub-
bifarious, ensiform, nearly flat, smooth on both sides,
from six to eighteen inches long. When in blossom the
plant is perfectly destitute of leaves. Scape erect, round,
smooth, naked; including the raceme from two to three
feet long. Raceme very long, erect. Flowers remote,
long-pedicelled, drooping.
The taste of the root is fully as nauseons, and bitter as
that of Scilla maritima, and may be possessed of the
Same qualities.
_ 2. S. coromandeliana, R. |
Leaves linear, rather acute, deeply channelled. Ra-
cemes erect, longer than the leaves, bearing from four to
eight, remote, long-pedicelled, drooping flowers. Inner
Petals straight, and bearded at top,
A native of the sand hills of the Coast of Coromandel.
Ih the Botanic Garden at Calcutta, it blessopne 3 in ‘May,
5s ths
148 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Asphodelus,
at which period the plant is perfectly destitute of leaves,
nothing but the straight very slender scape, and raceme’
is to be seen.
Root a round, tunicated, erential; greenish-white
bulb, of about an inch and a half in diameter. In tasteit is:
exceedingly nauseous, and bitter, and is in India some-
times used as a substitute for the oflicinal squill. Scilla
maritima. Leaves linear, rather acute, smooth, deeply
channeled ; generally six or eight inches long, and less
than half an inch broad, even when spread flat, Scape
straight, erect, naked, smooth, and slender ; whole height,
raceme included, from twelve to eighteen inches; and not
thicker than a crow quill. Flowers from four to eight, re-
mote, long-pedicelled, drooping, colour a mixture of dull
green, and still duller white, with a slight purple tinge.
Bractes small, caducous. Petal oblong, and nearly of
the same size, the inner tliree with bearded apices. Fi-
laments six, equal, inserted on the base of the petals,
clavate. Germ ovate-oblong. Style a three-sided, in-
verted cone, with a triangular opening at top, for the stig-
ma,
ASPHODELUS. Schreb. gen. n. 569,
Corol six-parted. Nectary six-valves covering ie ge
nitals.
4
1.A. clavatus. R. a
Annual. Stem naked, ramous, Leaves erect, stexieiah ae
cylindric, fistulous. Filaments clavate above their nec-
tarial ciliate base,
A native of the interior parts of Bengal, where it ap-
pears to blossom, and ripen its seed during the cold sea-
son,
It seems, from the descriptions and aiueted in my pos-
session of A, Jistulosus to be very nearly allied to it, Io
Anthericum. | HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. De
this the leaves are perfectly straight, and upright, taper-
ing to along fine point, and as completely fistulous as
in the Onion. The filaments are nearly of equal lengths,
and as much contracted inimediately above their ex-
panded ciliate base, and swell much toward the apex.
The petals are white, witha brown line along the centre,
ANTHERICUM. Schreb. gen. n. 570.
Calyx none. Corol beneath, six-petalled, expanding.
Capsule ovate.
1. A. uniflorum. R.
Bulb ovate. Scape simple, straight, one-flowered.
Leaves linear, channelled ; stamina smooth. Style scarcely
any. Stigma three-cleft.
A native of Rohilkhund, from thence introduced into
the Botanic Garden at Calcutta, by Mr. A, Gott, where
it blossoms during the cold season.
Bulb ovate, from its base spring many fleshy fibres,
some of which support a pendulous oval tuber. Leaves
two, from the crowh of the bulb, and generally two, remote
from each other, on the lower half of the scape; all are
linear, channelled, equalling in height the scape itself,
Scape erect, round, smooth, about a foot high, supporting
on its apex one, large, pure white flower, Petals broad-«
lanceolate, spreading. Filaments short, broad, and smooth.
Anthers linear, erect. Germ oblong, obtusely three-sided.
Style scarcely any. Stigma three-cleft ; lobes recurved.
2. A. tuberosum.
Root tuberous. Ane radical, waved. Scape ending
in an oblong panicle. All the stamens subulate.
Sans. Chitra, also Vrishna,
Teling, Kushellee.
A native of the moist vallies up amongst the Circar =
mountains, - Flowering time the = Season. —
_ 150 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Asparagus..
Root perennial, consisting of many, fleshy, round
fibres ending in small, oblong tubers. Zeaves radical, ma-
ny, ensiform, margins. waved, smooth, from one to two
feet long ; and from twoto four inches broad., Scapes
round, smooth, naked, from one to three feet long. Pani=
cles oblong, erect. Flowers numerous, sub-erect, pure
white, about the size and appearance of the snow-drop.
Filaments equal, simple, short, ascending. Anthers lineat,,
erect. Style ascending, projecting rather beyond the an-
thers. Stigmalobed. Capsule three-sided.
I have had many of the plants in my garden for seves
ral years ; they are very beautiful when in blossom, and
have a long succession of flowers.
ASPARAGUS. Schreb. gen. n. 573.
Calyx none. Corol beneath, six-petalled. Germ supe-—
rior, three-celled ; cells few-seeded ; attachment interior:
Berry three-celled, one or two-seeded. Embryo ser-
pentine, transverse, on the exterior side of an ample pe-—
risperm, opposite to the umbilicus.
41. A. officinalis. Willd. 2. 150. a
Stems herbaceous, columnar, erect. Leaves bristly-
Stipules in pairs.
Pers. and Hind, Nak-doun,
Beng. Hilyoon.
Arab, Hulyoon.
Found as in Europe, in a cultivated state only.
2. A. acerosus, R.- 2
Herbaceous, erect. Thorns solitary, recurved. Leaves
three-fold, three-sided, acute, polished, permanent. Ra-
cemes lateral.
A native of the interior parts of Bengal. _ Flowering ia
Asparagus. .HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 151
time the close of the rains, and the beginning of the cold
season ; seed ripe in December.
Root perennial, composed of many, fusiform, succulent:
tubers. Stems erect, flexuous, round. Branches numer-
ous, alternate, expanding, when old round, while young
angular. Bark smooth, and green on the young parts;
on the old, a little ferruginous. Thorns solitary, under
the branches ; branchlets and leaves, recurved, strong,and
sharp. Leaves three-fold, acerose, three-sided, polished,
acute. Stipules solitary; between the three leaves, branch,
orbranchlet and thorn triangular, scariose, permanent. Ra-
cemes lateral, generally solitary, simple, and short. Flow-
ers pure white, delightfully fragrant. Petals equal, at first
expanding, afterwards recurvate. Filaments five, in-
curved, inserted on the petals considerably above their
insertion, and shorter than them. Germ three-lobed. Style
short, Stigma three-cleft, with lobes recurved. Berry
nearly round, about the size of a pea, rarely more than
one of the lobes of the germ comes to maturity, and in that
Case it is enlarged a little on one side, with the two abor-
tive lobes, smooth, when ripe red, one-celled. Seed sin-
gle, spherical, attached to the axis, which is now on one
side by the abortion of two of the lobes of the germ, In-
tegument, a single lucid, somewhat dotted, black crust,
adhering firmly to the perisperm. Perisperm conform
to the seed, horny, greenish-white. Embryo slender, e-
qually thick on every part, white, arched in a large semi-
circle round the circumference of the seed most remote
from the umbilicus,
A charming shrub, and easily distinguished by its ace-
rose three-fold, three-sided, polished, acute, permanent
leaves,
_ 8. A. racemosus, Ed. sp. Willd. 2, 152. yin. oe
—— scandent. Thorns solitary, recurved: as wv
152 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Asparagus,
fascicled, incurved, channelled on the back. Racemes :%
thorn-axillary over the ligneous branchlets.
Sans. Suta-moolee.
Hind. Sada-bori.
Beng. Sut-mooli.
A native of various parts of India. Flowering time
the cold season, when it perfumes the air to a consider.
able distance with the delightful fragrance ofits flowers ;
seeds ripe in March.
Root consisting of many, fusiform, smooth, perennial
tubers. Stems scandent, slender, woody smooth ; young
shoots striated. Thorns solitary, recurved, short, strong
and sharp. Leaves fascicled, filiform, incurved, three-
sided. Racemes generally simple,often crowded together ;
in the axills of the thorns, over the slender woody
branchlets. Bractes cordate, and scariose, several
¥
about the base of the raceme, they are one-flowered.
Pedicelis diverging, jointed at the middle, one-flower-
ed. Flowers very numerous, small, pure white. Petals
oblong, reflexed. Filaments incurved, rather shorter.
than the petals. Anthers purple. Germ superior, three-
lobed, thrée-celled, each containing about four ovula, at-
tached to the axis. Style short. Stigma three-cleft.
Berry three-lobed, two are generally small, and abortive; _ :
when ripe red, and covered with a small portion of pulp.
Seeds solitary, black. Embryo transverse, and curved in —
a serpentine manner in the back of an ample, hard perise
perm, nearly opposite to the umbilicus. i
4. A. curillus. Buch.
_ Herbaceous, leaning. Thorns solitary, recurved.
Leaves tern, three-sided, acute, incurved. Racemes la-
teral, few-flowered. Flowers long-pedicelled. Petals
cuneiform, expanding.
A native of Nepal, from whence Dr, Buchanan sent
seeds thereof to the Botanic Garden at Calcutta, where it
Asparagus. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 153
about two years, the plants blossomed in July for the
first time, and continue so to do, and to ripen their seeds
in January.
Root perennial. Stems weak, diffuse, leaning much,
er scandent in a favorable soil and supported ; flexuose,
round and smooth, very ramous. Branches expanding,
angular, Thorns solitary, recurved, acute, Leaves tern,
three-sided, incurvate, acute, smooth, tapering toward
both sides. Racemes lateral, and generally one on each
side of a small branchlet, short, bearing a few, remote,
long-pedicelled, small white flowers. Pedicels jointed,
swelled, and bracted at the middle. Bractes tapering,
_membranaceous, two at the base of each pedicel, and
one at or near the middle. Filaments inserted on the pe-
tals above the base, incurved. Germ turbinate. Style,
short. Stigma of three, recurved lobes, Berry, size of a
pea, three-lobed, when ripe red,
5. A. adscendens. R.
. Herbaceous, erect. Thorns solitary, straight. Leaves
fascicled, cylindric, straight. Racemes lateral, simple or
compound. Berries pendulous. i
This very elegant species, is a native of Rohilkhund ;
from thence Mr. A. Gott sent seeds to the Botanic Gar-
den at Calcutta in 1804; and in November 1807, the
Plants began to blossom, and ripened their seeds in Fe-
bruary.
Root perennial. Stems round, and slender, yet in ge-
neral nearly straight and erect. Bark smooth, ash-co-
loured. Branches round, diverging, with their extremi-
ties ascending. Thorns solitary, straight, slender, and
acute. Leaves numerous, fascicled, cylindric, filiform,
Smooth, permanent. Racemes lateral, at the insertions of
the branches and branchlets, solitary, or one on each
Side, the former, often compound. Flowers small, pure
white, supported on diverging, slender, jointed pedicels.
154 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Flagellaria. —
Petals six, distinct at the base, oblong, first expanding, I
afterwards reflexed. Germ turbinate, three-lobed, three: _
celled, with about six seeds in each, in two vertical rows. |
Style three-grooved. Stigma three-cleft. Berry pendulous, —
size of a pea, three-lobed ;andas I have constantly remark- 4
ed that two of the lobes are abortive, its shape is oblique- |
ly obovate, smooth, when ripe red, and succulent. Seed —
‘single, round, attached to the axis, which is now much ~
to one side, by the abortion of two of the lobes of the |
-germ. Integument single, lucid, black. Perisperm con- —
form to the seed, pure white, cartilaginous, ss ser-
pentine, lateral. s
FLAGELLARIA. Schreb. gen. n. 614. a
- Calyx three-leaved. Corol three-petalled. Germ su- —
perior, three-celled. Cells one-seeded, attachment sa-
perior, Berry superior, one-seeded. Embryo in * a
base of the petisperm, 2
F. ected Willd. 2. 263.
Teling. Poindee-pootee. in
Beng. Bun-chunda. 4
Hind. Harcharrul.
Panambu-valli. Rheed. Mal. 7. t. 53.
Sirioides. Rumph. Amb. 5. t. 29. f. 1. i
A long, straggling, scandent, perennial plant; a na-
tive of forests. Flowers during the beginning of the rains
in June, ghee
Calyx three-leaved ; leaflets unequal, one or two be-
ing broader, and emarginate. Petals three, oblong, al-
ternate with the leaflets of the calyx, and of nearly the
same size. Anthers linear, cleft at each end. Germ st-
perior, three-celled, one oyula in each, attached to the
top of the axis, Styles three, shorter than the stamens:
Stigma simple. Berry globular, size of a large pea,
-
Dracena. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 155
smooth, red, pulpy, generally one-seeded, though there
is always the rudiments. of three. e
DRACZENA. Shreb. gen. n. 574.
Calyx none. Corol six-parted, erect. Filaments some-
what thicker in the middle. Germ superior, three-celled,
cells one-seeded ; attachment interior. Berry three-lobed,
with one seed in each (generally one or two of the lobes
abortive.) Embryo near the base of the perisperm en the
outside.
1. D. angustifolia. R.
Shrubby. Leaves stem-clasping, linear, acute, droop-
ing, waved, smooth. Panicle terminal, flowers fasci-
cled. en ;
Terminalis angustifolia. Rumph. Amb. 4. ¢,35
A native of Amboyna, and from thence introduced in- —
to the Botanic Garden at Calcutta in 1798, Flowering
time in Bengal, the hot season; seed ripe in September
and October.
Root ramous. Stem erect, as thick as a stout walking
cane ; ramous, marked with the oblique cicatrices of the
- fallen leaves ; whole height, when in blossom, eight or
ten feet. Leaves crowded about the top of the plant,
stem-clasping, linear, acute, drooping ; margins waved,
entire, smooth on both sides; from Secs to eighteen _
inches long, and under two in breadth. Panicles termi-
nal” ovate, composed of many somewhat ascending,
compound branches. Flowers numerous, fascicled, pe-
dicelled, greenish white. Bractes small, from one to four-
flowered. Calyx none. Corol one-petalled, permanent,
~ Subcylindric, half six-parted, divisions linear, on the day
of expansion revolute, Filaments six, rather shorter than.
the corol, inserted on the middle of the base of its s divi-
—Sions. Anthers incumbent. Germ superior, | three.
T2
156 HEXANDRIA MONOUYNIA, Dracena.
Style length of the corol. Stigma three-lobed. Berry
from one to three-lofted, pulpy, deep. orange colour,
each lobe the size of a marrow-fat pea, containing ~
one, large, round, horny seed.
2. D. ferrea. Willd. 2. p. 157.
Perennial, caulescent, erect. Leaves petioled, lanceo- —
late, cuspidate, ferruginous- Petioles stem-clasping, and
channelled. Panicle terminal. = oe
Terminalis rubra. Rumph. Amb. 4. p. 80. t. 34, f. 2.
A native of China. In Bengal it blossoms from De-
cember until March, but never produces seed. _
Stem erect, often as thick as a man’s wrist, with few,
erect, perennial, round branches marked with the cica-.
trices of the fallen leaves, height of the plantsin Bengal,
when eight or ten years old, from six to ten feet. Leaves
sub-bifarious, petioled, lanceolate, cuspidate, entire,
smocth on both sides ; while young a lively pink, chang-
ing to a deep ferruginous colour, particularly on the up-
per surface ; from one to two feet long. Petioles stem-
clasping, deeply channelled, from three to six inches
long. Panicle terminal, composed of several, generally
simple, diverging racemes. Bractes three-fold, triangu-
lar, acute. Flowers numerous, short-pedicelled, diverg-
ing, pale purple. Calyx none. Corol one-petalled. Tube
short, and somewhat gibbous. Border of six, oblong,
spreading segments ; the exterior three deeper coloured.
Filaments rather shorter than the segments of the corol,
and inserted on their base, at the mouth of the tube.
Germ three-celled, in each many ovula in two vertical
rows, attached to the axis. Style as long as the sta-
mens. Stigma three-cleft, |
Note. In Bengal this has not ripened its fruit.
3. D. terminalis. Willd. 2, 157.
Perennial, caulescent, erect. Leaves lanceolate.
Terminalis alba, Rumph, Amb, 4, p. 80. t, 34. f.3.
2
Dracena, HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 157
A native of the Moluccas, Flowers about the beginning
of the hot season in the Botanic Garden at Calcutta.
4. D. spicata. R.
Caulescent. Leaves lanceolate, drooping. Spikes ter-
minal, bractes:-many-flowered. Corol cylindric, at last
becoming twisted. Stigma three-lobed.
A native of Chittagong, and from thence introduced
into this Garden by Dr. Buchanan, where it blossoms in
April. |
Root fibrous. Stem erect, toward the top succulent,
perennial, marked with the cicatrices of the fallen leaves,
as in the other Dracaena. Leaves crowded about the
extremity of the plant, sheathing, lanceolate, drooping,
entire, pointed; smooth on both sides ; from six to
twelve inches long, and two or three broad. Spi.
terminal, bent a little to one side ; humerous pointed, |
curved bractes surround the base, and a few shorter, ap-
pressed ones from thence to the flower-bearing position.
Flowers numerous, sessile, collected in small fascicles,
each fascicle having a small, cordate, pointed bracte
immediately under it, Calyx none. Corol one-petalled,
cylindric, divided half way down into three exterior, and
three interior slender, linear, equal, straight segments ;
colour pale greenish yellow, as they advance in age the
tube becomes twisted. Filaments inserted on the base of —
the segments of the corol, and of their length, Stigma
. three-lobed. Berry with from one to three, distinct,
round, and smooth lobes ; while immature, a deep olive
green, when ripe, deep reddish orange ; each lobe contain-
ing a single, large, round, smooth, white, horny seed.
5. D. maculata. R.
Caulescent, shrubby, weak. Leaves oblong, ‘| broad- 3
oe » spotted, Panicles, terminal, lax ; ; flowers 50>
tary,
158 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Dracena,
A slender, leaning, shrubby species, from three to
four feet in height, a native of Sumatra, from thence in-
troduced, by the late Dr. C. Campbell into the Botanic
Garden at Calcutta, where it flowers during the hot
months of March and April. The variegation of the co-
lour of the leaves makes it interesting and ornamental.
Stems tending to be erect, but from their weak texture, —
’ Jeaning much to one side. Branches few, and like the
stems ; general height of five year old plants, from three
to four feet. Leaves alternate, approximate, sheathing,
from lanceolar to oblong, entire, smooth, strongly mark-
ed with circular spots of a deeper, or lighter yellow;
from four to eight inches long, and from one to three
broad. Panicles (in stunted plants racemes) terminal;
thin, smooth, variously bent. Flowers scattered, pedi-
celled, pretty large, pale greenish yellow. Bractes soli-
tary, ensiform, one, rarely two-flowered. Corol ; tube
gibbous ; border six-parted ; segments linear, length of
the tube. Filaments six, inserted on the base of the seg-
ments of the border of the corol and of their length. An-
thers incumbent. Germ superior, obovate, three-celled,
with one ovulain each, attached to the axis below its
middle. Style length of the corol. Stigma composed of
three, roundish, beautiful granulated lobes.
6. D, cernua. Willd. 2, 157:
‘Subarboreous. Leaves crowded, sessile, varie Jae
ceolar, fine-pointed. Panicles terminal, drooping; bran-
ches few, divaricate. Flowers solitary. ; ‘
Found by Colonel Hardwicke on the Island of Mau- .
ritius, in flower in August and September.
oe
7.D.umbraculifera, Willd. 2. 156.
Subarboreous. Leaves cuneiform-lanceolar (that is, ta-
per most toward the base,) acute. Panicles terminal,
sessile, short, with the ramifications and flowers diverg-
ing- : 2
Dracena. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 159
Found by Colonel Hardwicke at the Mauritius; in
flower in July and August.
8. D. terniflora. R.
Shrubby, erect. Leaves lanceolar, petioled. Raceme
terminal, often panicled ; flowers tern, pedicelled.
Bunamtol, the vernacular name in Silhet, where it is
indigenous amongst the hills which bound that province
to the north ; there it grows to the height of about eight
feet, flowering in February. The seeds take nearly one
year to ripen, aids
Stems slender, nearly erect. Branches few and weak.
Leaves about the extremities of the branches, alternate,
approximate, petioled, lanceolar, acuminate, perfectly
smooth on both sides, and ofa fine texture, slightly
marked with many, very fine, scarcely conspicuous, pa-
_ rallel veins, from six to twelve inches long, and, the petiole
included, two or three broad. Petioles from one to
three inches long, stem-clasping, &c. as in the genus.
Racemes terminal, solitary, rising, curved, often more
or less compound, sometimes panicled, nearly as long
asthe leaves, every part smooth. Flowers always
in threes, pedicelled, delicately slender, colour pale green-
ish-white. Pedicels slender, jointed near the middle, the
part below the joint more permanent, and longer than
the bractes. | Bractes an exterior, three-flowered, ovate
one, and a smaller within it, to each pedicel ; all de-
licately thin, membranaceous and white. Calyx none,
_ Corol funnel-shaped ; segments of the border six, linear,
longer than the tube, withering, and becoming spiral.
Filaments six, from the mouth of the tube, length of the
Segments. Anthers incumbent. Germ superior, oyal,
three-lobed, three-celled, with one ovula in each, at-
tached to the lower end of the axis. Style longer than
the corol. Stigma three-lobed. Berries rarely more than
One of the three lobes of the germ comes to matt urity :
Pee
160 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Sanseviera.
when it is about the size, and appearance ofa fine red
cherry. Seed solitary, conform to the berry, perisperm
conform to the seed, horny, as in the palms. Embryo sim-
ple, lodged in the base of the perisperm on the outside.
9. D. atropurpurea. R.
Shrubby, erect. Leaves lanceolar, acuminate, (highly
coloured.) Panicles terminal ; branches few, long, simple,
and diverging ; flowers solitary.
Lall Bun-amtol, the vernacular name in Silhet, where
it is found wild in the forests, growing to be a tall, scan-
tily branched, caulescent species, with dark purple leaves
and inflorescence of from six to eight feet in height ; flow-
ering in March and April, and the berries ripening the
January following.
Leaves about the ends of the branchlets, short-petioled,
lanceolar, acuminate, polished, striated lengthways with
innumerable, fine, parallel veins, colour an enchanting,
rather dark ferruginous purple ; from six to eight inches.
long, by one to two broad. _Panicles terminal, solitary,
composed of a few, long, diverging branches toward the
base, length of the leaves, colour purple, and particular-
ly dark when young. Flowers solitary, on jointed pedi-
cels ; the part below the joint permanent, and shorter
thin the bractes. Bractes two to each pedicel ; one ex-
terior and larger than the other, inserted on the base of
the pedicel laterally, and smaller. Corol, stamina, pistil-
lum, and berries, as in the genus.
SANSEVIERA. Thunb. prod.
Calyx none. Corol six-parted, with the stamina insert-
ed on their base. Germ superior, three-celled. Cells one~_
seeded ; attachment interior, Berries from one. to three,
united, one-seeded, #
Le
‘Sanseviera. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 161
S. zeylanica. Willd. 2. 159. Corom. pl. 2. N. 184.
Stemless. Leaves linear, fleshy, concave, cuspidate,
Racemes as long as the leaves ; flowers fascicled. Ber-
ries drooping, their lobes globular, and slightly united.
Sung. Moorva, See Asiatick Researches 4. 271.
Beng. Moorba, Murahara, Murgalie.
-Aletris hyacinthoides zeylanica. Linn.
We may call it in English Bow-string —
Teling. Ishama-coda nar.
Aloe zeylanica pumila, of Plukenet. t. 256. Fig. 5. is no
doubt this plant as is also Katu-kapel of Rheed Mala-
baricus, vol. 11. page 83. table 42, so that I conclude the
plant in the King’s garden at Kew “ Aletris acaulis foliis
lanceolatis carnosis, floribus geminatis” to be the Guineen- .
sis, the fruit of which has lately been so well described,
and figured by Geertner, as to enable me with the more
certainty to say that our Indian plant is perfectly dis-
tinct. It grows very commonly under bushes, in thin
jungle (forests,) in almost every soil. Flowering time
the cold and the beginning of the hot season, that is,
from the beginning of January till May.
Root perennial, stoloniferous, Stolones as thick as the
little finger,running under the ground, inserted in sheath-
ing scales. Stem none. Leaves radical, from four to eight,
the exterior ones shortest, spreading most, and considera-
_ bly broader, the interior ones nearly erect, from one to four
feet long, semi-cylindric, grooved on the upper side, each
ending in a round, tapering, sharp point, they are all co-
loured. with deeper and lighter green, and somewhat
Striated, but otherwise are smooth. Scapes issuing
from the centre of the leaves, from one to two feet long,
including the raceme, or flower bearing part, erect,
found, smooth, about as thick asa small ratan, between
the raceme and the base there are at regular distances,
four or five pointed, alternate sheaths, Racemes erect,
about as long as, or longer 7 the scape below the flow-
162 -HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.” Sanseviera,
ers, striated, smooth. Flowers middle-sized, greenish
white, erect, collected in fascicles of from four to six, on
little, regularly distant, tuberosities of the rachis. Bractes
small, membranaceous. Pedicles clubbed, short, ascend-
ing, one-flowered. Calyx none. Corol one-petalled,
not in the least wrinkled, funnel-shaped, half six-cleft ;
divisions nearly linear. Filaments length of the divisions
of the corol, and inserted into the base. Anthers linear-
oblong incumbent, half two-cleft. © Germ three-lobed,
three-celled, each containing a single ovula, attached to
the axis. Style length of the stamens. Stigma three-
sided, clubbed, entire. ‘ Berries one, two or three, slight-
ly united ; when single, globular, fleshy, orange-coloured,
smooth, the size of a pea, one-seeded. Seed globular.
Embryo simple, lodged near the base of the perisperm on’
the outside.
OBSERVATIONS.
In: a good soil, when the plants are regularly and mo-
derately watered, the leaves grow to be from three to four
feet long, and contain a number of fine, remarkably
strong, white fibres, which run their whole length. The
natives make their best bow strings of these fibres.
To separate them from the pulpy parts, they lay a single
fleshy leaf, on a smooth bit of board, on one end of whic
(leaf,) they place one of their great toes, and with a thin
bit of hard stick held between the two hands, they serape
the leaf from them, and very quickly remove every part.
of the pulp, It can also be removed by steeping the
leaves in water, till the pulpy parts rot, &c. as is practis-
ed with flax, and hemp in Europe, but with me this dis
coloured the fibres much,
_ About eighty pounds of the fresh weitiiis vuaaet’@ one
pound of the clean ie fibres: saci ‘were pliers seta at
Pesce
Sanseviera. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 163
once from a small bed of the plants which I planted a-
bout twelve months before in my own garden. The bed
was scarcely three yards square, and the leaves upon an
average less than two feet long, owing to my having ga-
thered them before they were at their full size. Full grown
leaves of three or three and a half feet long yielded in the
proportion of one pound of the clean fibres (flax,) for
every forty pounds of fresh leaves, for eight pounds of
such leaves, yielded me three ounces of clean fibre; hence I
conclude that this plant might be cultivated to advantage.
For even according to the first mentioned rate, of one
pound of the fibres, from a bed of three square yards of the
plants, one acre would yield one thousand six hundred
and thirteen pounds of the clean flax at a gathering, two
of which may be reckoned on yearly, in a good soil, and
a favorable season after the, plants are of a proper age,
mine being only as yet about twelve months old, which [
imagine is too short a time for them to have acquired
sufficient size, and strength, to yield the best and largest
proportion of fibre.
_ There are certainly a great variety of uses to which
these fibres may be applied better than any other sub-
Stance yet known. Iam inclined to think that the fine
line, called China grass, which is employed for sts
lines , fiddle strings, &c. is made of these fibres. |
It grows readily from the slips, which issue in great a a-
bundance from the roots, requires little or no care, and as
they are perennial, would not require renewing often, if
at all ; indeed the bed in my garden requires thinning,
‘Some years ago, 1 remember to have seen a bed or
two of these plants in Dr, Russell’s garden at Vizagapa-
tam, which grew most luxuriantly, more so than mine
has done ; which gives reason to think that a rich sandy
soil may suit this plant better than our stiffer soil about
Samulcota, Should it ever become an_ object. of cul-
| of
= expensive and more expeditions methe
U2
164 -HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Dianella;
clearing the fibres from the pulpy parts of the leaves,than
that of the natives above mentioned, must be contrived 5
_ for as they now do it, that alone would involve a greaiey
_ ‘than every other charge.
DIANELLA. Lamarck.
Calyx none. Corol six-petalled, the three inner re- * |
fracted. Filaments with glandular apices, Anthers per-
forated at top. Germ superior, three-celled ; cells few-
seeded ; attachment subsuperior. Berry shonetaliadl
Seeds few (from one to two, in each cell.) Embryo in the Be
apex of an ample perisperm,
D. nemorosa. Lamarck, Encyclop. 2. 273.
Perennial. Leaves cauline, bifarious, ensiform.
Draceena ensifolia. Willd. 2. 158. )
Gladiolus odoratus Indicus, Rumph. Amb. 5, t. 37.
In 1800 the roots were sent from Sumatra, where I am.
told it is indigenous, to the Botanic Garden at Calcutta,
by Dr. Campbell, where the plants thrive well, and con-
tinue in blossom and seed most part of the year.
Root fibrous. Stems perennial, several from the same
root, erect, or nearly so, smooth, jointed at the insertion
of the leaves, somewhat compressed. In our plants
the naked part of the largest is only as thick asa ratan,
and two or three inches high, and the height of the
whole, about three feet. Leaves cauline, bifari
alternate, sheathing, spreading, or a little recurved,
sword-shaped, keeled on the back, smooth on both sides;
edges most minutely serrulate. Sheathes compressed,
embracing the stem edge-ways, as in the Iridee, ScapeS
from the centre of the leaves, round, smooth, with two
or three very short leaves at nearly equal distances.
Panicles terminal, with ramifications ending in small
Teta, HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 165
umbellets of pedicelled, pale, whitish green, small, ino-
dorous, naked flowers. Involucres cordate, spathiform,
Calyx none. Petals six, ovate-oblong, exterior three
broader, expanding ; inner three refracted, or rigidly
bent back. Filaments six, inserted between the petals and
germ, broad, and rather short, with their apices incurved,
each augmented at the apex with a large yellow gland.
Anthers issuing from the forementioned glands, erect, ta
pering, with two small. round perforations on the top,
for the pollen to escape. Germ superior, nearly round.
Style straight, about as long as the stamens. © Stigma
small, somewhat three-dentate. Berry three-celled,
succulent, size of a large marrow fat pea, smooth, and
when ripe, very dark purple. Seeds from one to three
in each cell, smooth, black, ovate pointed.
I was long inclined to think this a species of Draceena,
but the corol, and stamens differ so widely from any
other Indian species of that genus I have yet met with,
that I thought it would be better to adopt Lamarck’s
name,
TET A. (R.)
_ Calyx none. Corol six-petalled, spreading. Nectary
turbinate ; petal-bearing. Anthers sessile, in the mouth
of the nectary. Berries from one to three, annem dee
T. viridiflora, R. (*.)
Found by Dr. Buchanan at Chittagong, oe on the
eastern border of the Delta of the Ganges, and introduc-
ed by that gentleman into the Botanic Garden at Cal-
cutta, where it blossoms in the months of March and
April; the seeds ripen in July and August.
Root perennial ; from the crown or united bases of the
leaves issue many, long fleshy fibres. Stem none. Leaves
-" Probably it may belong to Jussien’s natural order 2
166 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA- Polyanthes,
radical, petioled, erect, lanceolate, plaited, entire,
smooth on both sides, about one foot long. | Scapes so-
litary, rising from the centre of the leaves, and about
the same length ; lower half destitute of flowers and with .
here and there a long, curved, pointed scale. Flowers nu-
merous, collected in fascicles over the upper half of the
raceme, short-pedicelled, small, deep green, inodorous»
Bractes one, two, or three, to each fascicle of flowers 3
ovate, pointed, concave. Petals six, nearly equal,
cordate, expanding ina double series, inserted on the
outside of the nectary. | Nectary.one-petalled, turbi-
nate, quickly contracting into a small, hexangonal mouth
through which the stigma, and part of the anthers are
seen. Filaments scarcely any. Anthers six, sessile, dis-
tinctly two-lobed, inserted round the inside of the mouth
of the nectary. . Germ superior, ovate, somewhat three-
lobed, three-celled, with two ovula in each, attached to
the lower part of the axis, Style short. Stigma large,
three-sided, rather within the mouth of the nectary. Ber-
ries from one to three come to maturity, obovate, smooth,
succulent, dark-bluish-olive colour, the size of a pea.
Seeds solitary.
The plant is elegant in its foliage, even when destitute
of flowers, but much more so when in blossom. ‘The ve-
ry uncommon deep green colour of the flowers, makes | it
particularly interesting. :
POLYANTHES. Schreb. gen. n. 576.
Calyx none, Corol funnel-shaped, recurved, equal.
Filaments inserted into the mouth of the tube, Germ in the
bottom of the corol,
P. tuberosa. Willd. 2.164. —
Leaves linear, shorter than the scape,
Agave. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 167
Amica nocturna. Rumph, Amb. 5. p, 285, t. 98.
Hind. Gool shubbo.
Beng. Rujunee-gundha,
In Gardens only, where both the saad and double
varieties blossom all the year, but chiefly during the .
rains.
ALOE. Schreb. gen. n. 581.
Calyx none. Corol erect, with the mouth expanded ;
bottom nectar-bearing. Filaments inserted on the recep-
tacle.
oye perfoliata, Willd. 2. 185,
Leaves ensiform, dentate, erect. Flowers racemed, re-
flected, cylindric.
Kadenaku, vel catevala. Rheed. Mal. 11. t, 3..
Taruni. Asiatick Researches. 4, 272.
Sans. Ghrita-koomaree.
Beng. Ghrita-koomaree.
Hind, Gheekoomar. The gum Elwa.
Itis common in gardens throughout India.
AGAVE. Schreb. gen. n. 582.
_ Calyx none. Corol erect, superior. Filaments longer ;
than the corol, erect. |
ih Cantula. R. 3 !
| Stemless. Leaves oleate Scape ramous. Tube
of the corol contracted at the middle, Stamina much
longer than the corol, Style about the same length.
Aloe Americana. Rumph. Amb. 5. t. 94.
Sans. Kantula, which induces me to think it indigenous.
Bilatee-ananas, (i. e. Europe*Pine apple) is the Hindoo
name upich seems to imply that this plantis not an ve
168 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Hemerocallis. —
of India. Be that as it may, it is now common every —
where, In Bengal the plants blossom in May and June, — a
when from ten to fifteen years old, and are then from
twenty to thirty feet high. 7 a,
HEMEROCALLIS. Schreb. gen. n. 58
Calyx none. Corol aie page tube cylindric. «Sta. —
mina declinate.
1. H. fulva. Willd. 2. 197.
Leaves bifarious, linear, acute, keeled, smooth, Scape —
twice the length of the leaves. Stamina ascending, the — :
length of the revolute divisions of the corol.
It is only, as far as I know, found in our gardens; it
may not therefore be a native of India, though known to _
the native gardeners by the Hindoo name Gool nurgus —
(Narcissus ). It was introduced by Dr. W. Carey into the
Botanic Garden at Calcutta from Dinagpoor, where ifnot
indigenous, it may have been carried thither from China, _
its native country through Bootan, ;
2. H. cordata, Thunb.
Leaves round-ovate-cordate, many-nerved, acuminate;
petioles deeply channelled, with winged margins.
From China this elegant plant has been introduced by
Mr. W. Kerr, into the Botanic Garden at Calcutta;
where it thrives luxuriantly, and blossoms during the
latter part of the rains. The leaves are about eight in-—
ches long by six broad ; the petioles rather longer than _
the leaves. The racemes about two feet high, bearing
about twenty, alternate, large, six inches long, pure
white, fragrant flowers, which expends about sun set, -
droop i in the morning,
. wae
Tacca, HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 169
ACORUS. Schreb. gen. n. 586.
Spadix cylindric, covered with florets. Corol six-pe-
talled, naked. Style none. Capsule three-celled,
A. calamus, Willd. 2. 199.
The point of the scape very long and leafy.
Vaembu, Rheed. Mal. 11. t. 48.
Sans. Vucha.
Beng. Buch, or shwet-buch. Gora-buch.
Sweet flag, or Calamus aromaticus. Mat. Med.
Iti is common in gardens throughout India,
TACCA. Schreb. gen. n. 588.
B i sinkipntteds staminiferous. Corol none. Stinthin
eailted: Germ inferior, one-celled ; ovula numerous, at- —
‘tached to three equidistant parietal receptacles. Berry
“one-celled. Seeds many. Embryo subcentrifugal ; and
‘furnished with a perisperm.
~ 1. 'T. aspera. R.
Leaves oblong, entire ; petioles and scapes scabrous. ~
_ Found by Mr. J. R. indigenous in the yallies amongst
the hill behind Chittagong; from thence it was intro-
. duced into the Botanic Garden at Calcutta where it blos-
-Soms during the hot and rainy season, and the seeds ri-
‘pen three or four months after. ©
Root an oblong, curved tuber, of a middling size, with
Wiry fibres fromits sides ; inward colour pale yellow ; pe-
rennial. Stem none, or very trifling. Leaves radical, peti-
‘Oled recurvate, oblong, entire, acuminate, smooth, strong-
ly marked with parallel veins, and somewhat bullate ; ee
from. sight to sixteen tg long, and fron a. = ight : 6
170 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA,. Tacca.
broad. Petioles shorter than the leaves, sheathing atthe
base, and above that having a groove down the inside, the
whole considerably rough,with small visible sharp points.
Scapes axillary, solitary, about as long as the petioles,
and rough like them, cylindric, direction from erect to di-
verging, and often variously bent, Involucre four-leaved,
besides many filiform filaments,which are mixed amongst
the pedicels. Exterior two leaves of the involucre |
stem-clasping, reflexed, broad ovate-lanceolate, finely —
acuminate, many-nerved, two or three inches long, and one
and ahalf broad. The interior pair much longer, broad-
petioled, ascending in the form of a vault over the flowers, z
oval-ventricose, many-nerved, smooth and coloured; —
length, petioles included, about five inches, and three
broad. Flowers from four to eight, long-pedicelled, large,
at first nearly erect, but on the second day of expansion
drooping, colour, a mixture of greenish purple and yellow;
about the same number of very long, filiform, smooth —
pendulous bodies are found interspersed among the pedi-
cels.. Calyx superior, one-leaved; base bowl-shaped;
border consisting of six large coloured segments ; exterior
three, rather narrow, more pointed, and less deeply co-
loured ; inner three, oblong, obtuse, or emarginate, soon —
after expansion becoming completely reflex. Corolno
other than the segments of the border of the calyx, which
very much resembles one. Filaments (petals of Forster )
six, inserted about the middle of the tube of the calyx,
resembling little conic vaults. Anthers on the inside
of the exterior wall of the vaults. Germ inferior, clavate,
six-ribbed, one-celled, containing numerous ovula, at- —
tached to three bifid, parietal receptacles. Style short.
Stigma three-lobed; lobes large, coloured, emarginate ©
on the exterior edge. Berry oblong, fleshy, an inch and
ahalf long, and one broad, six sharp-ribbed, crowned
with three semilunar marks, the remains of part of the
calyx, one-celled, Seeds numerous, attached to three
Tacca. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 171
divided parietal receptacles, reniform, ribbed. Integu-
ment single, tough, dark brown.
2. T. levis. R.
Leaves oblong, entire ; petioles and scapes smooth.
Moti? munda, the vernacular name in Silhet, where it
is indigenous, and from whence it was introduced into
the Botanic Garden at Calcutta, where it blossoms dut-
ing the hot, and rainy season.
Root a subcylindric, perennial tuberous body furnishing
numerous dark brown fibres, which penetrate the soil in
every direction. Stem none. Leaves radical, petioled,
oblong, acuminate, entire, smooth on both sides; general
length about twelve inches, and the breadth five or six.
Petioles about as long as the leaves, base sheathing,
above the sheathing part cylindric, and slightly grooved
on the inside, every part perfectly smooth. Scapes axil-
lary, solitary, shorter than the petioles, round, smooth, of
adark green purple colour; direction more or less re-
curved. Involucre four-leaved ; leaflets equal, and equally
disposed crosswise in opposite pairs, sessile, ovate, finely
acuminate, smooth, many-nerved, about two inches long,
and one broad. Flowers from six to twelve in the umbel,
intermixed with many long, filiform filaments, pretty
long pedicelled, large, of a dark greenish grey violet co-
lour. Calyx one-leaved ; tube or base bowl-shaped, and per-
Manent ; border six-parted ; three exterior segments ra-.
ther longer, narrower, and more pointed than the inner
three, which are broader, all deciduous. Filaments six,
inserted into the tube of the calyx near its base, vaulted,
with the linear, two-lobed Anthers attached to the innér
Side of the vault. Germ inferior, clavate, turbinate, three-
sided, six-keeled, one-celled, and containing numerous
ovula, attached to three bifid parietal receptacles. Style
short. _ Stigma of three rather recurved double Johes,, al-
late with the stamina.
$2
172 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Tacca.
3. T. pinnatifida. Willd. 2. 200. Forst. gen. N. 35.
Leaves pinnatifid. Involucre many-leaved.
Tacca littorea. Rumph. Amb, vol. 5. t. 114, table 112 of
the same, though quoted for a variety of this by Forster,
is an Arum figured and described by me under the
name A. campanulatum.
Lekin of the inhabitants of the town of Malacca.
-Tacca pinnatifolia. Gert. sem, 1. p. 43, t..14. f. 2.
A native of the Moluccas, and Malay countries, and
from the latter introduced by Dr. Harris, of Madras
into the Company’s Botanic Garden at Calcutta in 1800,
where it blossoms in June and Juiy, Seeds ripenin Oc-
tober, ;
Root tuberous, perennial, often as large asa chila’s 8;
head, round, and pretty smooth ; with but few slender
fibres from its surface, intensely bitter when raw, but
yielding a great quantity of beautifully white starch, of
which the best flour for confectionary, puddings, &c. is
made. Leaves radical, petioled, three-parted; divisions —
bi-tri-partite and ultimately pinnatifid, with waved mar-.
gins, smooth on both sides, length and breath almost
equal, and often two orthree feet each way. Petioles.
columnar, slightly grooved, from one to three feet long.
Scapes radical, round, tapering, smooth, naked, near-
ly twice the length of the petioles, slightly grooved,
and striped with darker and paler green. Umbel simple,
composed of from ten to forty long-pedicelled, drooping,
greenish flowers, intermixed with about as many long;
slender, smooth, simple, drooping filaments or bractes.—
Tnvolucre from six to twelve leaved ; leaflets lanceolate,
recuryate, beautifully marked with pale purple veins.
Calyx superior, one-leaved, globose, fleshy, permanent,
six-parted ; segments obtuse, incurved, alternately broad-_
er, green, with the margins somewhat purple. Corol
none, as I consider what Forster so calls to be the sta-
mina. Filaments six, short, with broad, coloured wats; |
=
Canarina. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 173
gins, inserted on the segments of the calyx; apices
white, vaulted inwards over the stigma. Anthers linear,
two-lobed, attached to the middle of the vault, with their
apices outwards. Germ beneath, turbinate,) six-sided,
crowned with three large, hairy, convex, purple glands,
one-celled. Seeds many, attached to three equidistant, pa-
rietal receptacles. Style short, rising from the centre of
the three purple glands, and evidently composed of
three united into one. Stigma broad, peltate, composed
of three, two-lobed divisions. Pericarp ; berry nearly
round, size of a pigeon’s egg, crowned with the withered
calyx, and marked with six, protuberant, equidistant,
vertical ribs, smooth, when ripe yellow, one-celled.
Receptacles asin the germ. Seeds numerous, attached
to the three parietal receptacles, as in the germ, oval,
or ovate, longitudinally furrowed, light brown, each en-
veloped in a small portion of colourless, succulent pulp,
which may be termed a complete aril. Integuments two,
exterior spongy ; interior a thin, reticulate, white mem-
brane. Perisperm conform to the seed, rather succulent
while fresh. Embryo minute, and lodged in the end of
the perisperm next to the (umbilicus,) subcentrifagal.
CANARINA. Schreb. gen. n. 603.
Calyx six-leaved. Corol companulate. Stigmas ie
Capsule inferior, es con igre peor eee
¢. moluccana. R. |
Erect, smooth, Leaves opposite, short-petioled, ovate |
oblong, serrate, smooth. Flowers terminal, and axillary.
Calyx subpinnatifid.
A native of the Moluccas. The specimens seen are re her-.
baceous, The number six prevails throughout the flow-.
*
ae aft;
174 _HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Corypha.
CORYPHA. Schreb. gen. n. 1694,
_ Spathes many Spadix (terminal) supra-decompound.
Preianth three-toothed. Corol three-petalled. Germ su-
perior, three-celled ; cells one-seeded ; attachment inferior.
Berries from one to three, conjoined, globose, one-seeded.
Embryo in, or near the apex of the perisperm, Geertner
says he found it in the base of the perisperm it in unbracu-
lifera. . .
1. C. Talliera. R.
Leaves subrotund, palmata:pinnati#d) plaided: ; seg-
ments forty pair, margins of the channel of the petioles
armed. Juflorescence pyramidal, the length of the trunk
of the tree.
Sans. Tali.
Beng. Tara, Tallier. Tareet. ,
_ This elegant, stately Palm, is a native of Bengal,
though scarce in the vicinity of Calcutta. Flowering
' time the beginning of the hot season. The seeds ripen
about nine, or ten months afterwards.
Trunk perfectly straight, about thirty feet high, and as
near as the eye can judge equally thick throughout, of a
dark brown colour, and somewhat rough with the marks
left by the impression of the fallen leaves. Leaves pal-
mate-pinnatifid, plaited, subrotund. Leaflets or divisions
of the frond united rather more than half way, numer-
ous, generally about eighty, or forty pairs, linear-lan-
_ ceolate, pointed until broken by the wind, or otherwise,
polished on both sides, with a strong somewhat four-sided
rib running their whole length; generally about six feet
long, greatest breadth about four inches. The thread which
forms part of the Linnean specific character of corypha
umbraculifera, is sometimes present, sometimes wanting,
at best such perishable marks deserve no notice, Petioles
from five to ten feet long, remarkably strong, upper side
Corypha. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 175
deeply channelled, the sharp margins armed with nu-
merous, short, strong, dark-coloured polished, com-
pressed spines. Spathes just as numerous as the prima-
ry and secondary ramifications in the spadix, all
smooth, and obtuse. Spadix supra-decompound, issuing
in the month of February from the apex of the tree,
and centre of the leaves, forming an immense, diffuse,
ovate panicle, of about twenty or more feet in height,
so that the height of the whole tree, form the ground to
the top of the spadix is now about fifty feet. Primary
branches alternate, round, spreading nearly horizontal,
with their apices ascending. Secondary ramifications
alternate, bifarious, compressed, drooping, recurved,
soon dividing into numerous, variously curved, smaller,
subcylindric, branchlets, covered with innumerable, small
white, odorous, subsessile flowers. Calyx; perianth
inferior, minute, obscurely three-toothed. Petals three,
oblong, concave, fleshy, smooth, expanding, many times
larger than the perianth. Nonectary. Filaments six, —
nearly of the length of the petals, at the base broad, and
in some measure united. © Anthers ovate. Germ above,
three-lobed, three-celled with the embryo of a distinct seed
in each, attached to the bottom of its cell. Style shorter
than the stamina. Stigma simple. Berries from one to
three conjoined, though one is the most common, and
then the rudiments of the other two are present, they are
Singly quite round, about the size of a crab-apple, when
Tipe, wrinkled, and of a dark olive, or greenish yellow
Colour. The pulp is but in small proportion, and yellow
When the fruitis ripe. Seed solitary, round, attached to
the base of the berry, of a white colour, and horny sub-
Stance, with a small vacuum in the centre. Embryo
lodged i in the apex, which circumstance alone, is sufficient
to distinguish it from Gertner’s Crypha umbraculifera,
» The leaves of this tree are employed by the native : ee
‘© write on with their pointed steel bodkins, and so to
176 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Corypha,
tie the rafters of their houses, for they are said to be
strong and durable. Ido not find that the wood is ap-
plied to any useful purpose.
2. C. elata. R.
__. Leaves lunate-cordate, palmate-pinnatifid, plaited; seg-
ments from forty to fifty pair; stipes armed. Inflores-
cence globular, one-fourth the length of the trunk of the
tree, ’
Beng. Bujoor, or Bujur-batool.
This stately palmis a native of Bengal, where it flow-
ers in March and April ; the seeds require about twelve
months to ripen. .
Trunk straight, but often varying in thickness. I hitve
two trees, which were pretty well ascertained to be about
thirty years ‘old when in flower ; one was seventy feet to
the base of the inflorescence, the other about sixty ; cir-
cumference near the root eight feet, and about the middle
of the trees five and a half or six ; their whole length
strongly marked with rough, dark coloured, spiral ridges,
and furrows, which plainly point out the spiral arrange-
ment of the leaves. The ligneous fibres, as in the order,
-are on the outside, forming a tube for the soft spongy
substance within, of a dark chocolate colour, tough and
hard, but by no means equal, in either quantity or qua-
lity, to the very serviceable wood of Borassus pape:
formis.
Leaves (fronds,) round the top of the teal; ieeaseilt-
ately under the base of the inflorescence, numerous,
_palmate pinnatifid, plaited from eight to ten feet each
“-way ; segments generally from forty to fifty pair, united
about half their length, ensiform, apices rather obtuse and
bifid, texture hard, smooth on both sides. When the tree
begins to blossom, the leaves wither and soon fall off,
leaving the fructiferous part naked. -Petioles (stipes)
from six to twelve feet long, concave above, with the—
Corypha. HEXADRIA MONOGYNIA. 177
thin, hard, black margins thereof cut into mumerous, very
short, curved spines, Spathes numerous, there being one
at each joint of the various ramifications of the spadix,
all smooth and when recent, of a pale yellowish green.
Inflorescence, (spadix) terminal; it may be called an
immense, more than supra-déecompound, round pani-
cle ; in this species it is of a much smaller span than
the leaves, and only about one fourth or one fifth part of
the whole height ofthe tree ; the various and innumerable
ramifications are always alternate, smooth and of a pale
yellow colour. Flowers small, sessile, collected in little
bundles over the ultimate divisions of the panicle, pale
yellow, small, rather offensive. Calyx small, three-tooth-
ed. Petals three, oblong, reflexed, shorter than the sta-
mina. Filaments six, broad at the base, and there uni-
ted, toward the apex, slender and incurved. Anthers
ovate. ‘Germ superior, round-ovate, three-lobed, three.
celled, with one ovulain each, attached to the bottom
_ ofits cell. Style short, three-grooved. Stigma three-lob-
ed. Berry globular, the size of a musket ball, olive-co-
loured, smooth when fresh, but it soon becomes dry and
wrinkled, one-celled ; the two abortive lobes of the germ
are always to be found at the base, Seed solitary, sub-
globular. Integuments, apparently two, but they are firm-
ly united, and of a friable texture ; the exterior one pale
yellowish brown, and veined ; the interior one brown, and
adhering firmly to the perisperm. Perisperm conform to
the seed, of a hard, horny texture, and pale gray colour,
Embryo simple, short, cylindric, lodged near the apex of
the perisperm.
3. C. umbraculifera. Willd. 2. 201. Gert. sem. 1.18 t. 7.
Leaves sublunate, palmate-pinnatifid, plaited. Seg-
ments from forty to fifty pair; petioles armed. Injflores-
Cence pyramidal, equalling the trunk of the tree, if ie;
~ Sryo in the base of the need. Geert.) ies
178 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Corypha.
Codda-pana. Rheed Mal, 3. t. 1-12.
Talipat. Knox. hist. of Ceylon.
Cing. Tala, or Talagas.
Tam. Conda-pani. —
This is an intermediate species, (with regard to size,)
between Taliera and Elata. From Ceylon it has been
introduced about nine years into the Botanic Garden at
Calcutta. The seeds were fully as large as those of Ta-
liera, consequently much larger than in Elata, This
alone is a sufficient mark in a tree of this nature to dis
tinguish it from lata; infortunately I did not exa-
mine the situation of the embryo, we must therefore take —
it for granted that Geertner was correct in placing it in the
base of the seeds ; our young trees, are only now, when
nine years old, beginning to exhibit the first appearance
of a trunk.
In the same Garden are plants of Taliera, of the same
age ; their appearance at this period is so very different as
to announce their being distinct species,
*
4. C. Utan. Lamarck. Encyclop. 2. 131.
Leaves semicircular, palmate, pinnatifid, plaited + sege
ments from twenty-five to thirty pair ; petioles very long,
and much armed.
Lontarus silvestris. Rumph. Amb. 1. 56 t. 11,
A native of the Moluccas. One young tree of this
species is in the Botanic garden at Calcutta; it was
brought from Amboyna ; though now about twelve years
old, it only begins to form the appearance of a trunk,
which, at present promises to be longer than in wnbra- —
culifera. The stipes or petioles are much longer than
in any of the other species, and the leaves expand little
more than half a circle, as in Rumph’s figure, and have
only about half the number of segmeuts the others have.
Licuala. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 179
LICUALA. Schreb. gen. n. 1691.
Calyx three-toothed. Corol three cleft. Germ supe-
perior, three-lobed, three-celled. Cells one-seeded; attach-
ment inferior. Style single. Stamina simple. Drupe one-
celled, one-seeded. Embryo a little above the base on
the: inside.
1. L. peltata. R.
Fronds. palmate, orbicular, peltate. Stipes armed.
Drupe turbinate ; no nectary.
This small palm is a native of the woody mountainous
parts near Chittagong, which separate that province from.
the Burma dominions ; it was brought from thence to the
Botanic Garden at Calcutta by Mr, William Roxburgh,
where it blossoms in November and ripens its seed in
May. "
. Trunk, in our young oot short, and ‘apuniy. em-
braced by the base of the petioles, and a web of coarse,
light brown fibres, down to the ground; in that state
it is about as thick asa man’s thigh. eaves (fronds,)
alternate, long-petioled, orbicular, peltate, smooth, di-
Vided to the base into from twenty to twenty-five
wedge-shaped, dentate-truncate, plaited portions; the
superior two, or more, are much broader and longer,
being composed of from ten to fifteen ribs, while the la-
teral, and inferior ones are composed of from three to
five only ; the apices of these ribs taper off conically, and
have their points bifid, the breadth or length of the
_ Whole leaf, for they are nearly the same size, from three
to four feet. _Petioles or stipes spreading, three or
four feet long, nearly triangular, having the two lateral
edges armed with numerous, dreadful, strong, variously
curved, smooth, dark brown, sharp spines, of different.
Sizes ; toward the base channelled, stem-clasping, and. |
finaly tied over each other, and round the trunk, Ag
. W2 :
180 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA, | Licuala,
web of strong, coarse, light brown fibres, which issue from
the margins, and begin where the spines end. Spadices
axillary, solitary, rising several feet above the leaves,
their whole length being from ten to fifteen feet, of one
uniform thickness, which is that of a man’s fore-finger;
from the upper part, at the distance of about a foot from
each other, issue pendulous, cylindric spikes of about a
foot and a half long beyond the spathe; these are whol-
ly covered by numerous, sessile, diverging, pretty large,
greenish white, inodorous flowers. Spathes seven or eight, a
tubular,embracing the whole of the spadix; from the mouths
of the last four or five, the pendulous spikes issue; all
the tender parts are covered with a large portion of fe-
ruginous dust. Calyx inferior, one-leaved, campanulate;
mouth obscurely three-toothed ; outside sericeous, per-
manent. Corol one-petalled, outside sericeous, perma-
nent. Tube campanulate, the length of the calyx. Borders
three-cleft ; divisions expanding and tapering to rather
obtuse points. No nectarium. Filaments six, short, broad
at the base, and inserted round the inside of the mouth —
of the tube of the corol. Anthers sagittate. Germs three,
forming a short, turbinate, truncate body, like a single
germ, but perfectly distinct, except the base of the style,
which is about as long as the stamina, and rises equally
from the three, and keeps them together. Stigma simple-
Drupe obovate, the size of a field bean ; a little to the in-
side of the vertex a three-cornered, three-toothed tubercle
marks where the style joins this fertile lobe ef the germ to
the two abortive ones ; when ripe orange-red, and smooth,
one celled. Pulp in considerable quantity, orange-colour-
ed. Nut conform to the drupe, much pointed below ; above
are three slight elevations running “from a point under
the tubercle of the drupe, hard, dark brown, one-celled-
Seed single, conform to the nut. Integuments a single,
very thin, brown membrane. Perisperm conform to the —
seed, horny, from the back a ferruginous spongy body
Berberis, HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 181
penetrates to, or beyond the centre, and there enlarging, it
occupies a considerable space. Embryo lodged in a co-
nic pit, a little above the base on the inside.
2. L. spinosa. Willd. 2. p. 201.
Leaves digitate-palmate. Spadix shorter than the arm-
ed petioles. .
Licuala arbor. Rumph. Amb. 1. t. 9.
Corypha licuala, frondibus palmatis’ foliolis linearibus
nervosis apice premorsis. Petiolis basi spinosis, spadice
erecto stricto. Lamarck, Encyclop. 2.131.
ACHRAS. Schreb, gen. n. 593.
Calyx six-leaved. Corel six-cleft, with scales on the
inside. Germ superior, from eight to ten celled ; cells one-
Seeded ; attachment interior. Berry from eight to ten cel-
led. Seed solitary. Embryo erect, and furnished with a
perisperm.
_ A. Sapota. Willd, 2. 224.
Flowers solitary. Leaves lanceolar, lucid.
“A native of China, from thence introduced into the
Botanic Garden at Calcutta, where growing in the same
place with the West India tree they are not to be distin-
guished fromit. The China trees have not yet blossom-
ed, but those from the West Indies flower in the hot Sea-
son, and the fruit ripens in the rains.
BERBERIS Shreb. gen. n. 595.
Calyx six or more, leaved, — Corol six-petalled ; at the
are two glands. Germ superior, one-celled two or
More-seeded ; attachment sub-inferior: Berry from two to
thre-seeded. aa erect and furnished witls a hese a
ema eo wn 3
ey
bi
182 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Berberis,
1. B. asiatica. R.
_Shrubby- Leaves obovate-oblong, hard, mpinonastontiil
ed. Spines triple. Racemes axillary. Pedicels, and flowers
erect. Nectarial glands subcylindric. Germs from five
to six-seeded.
Berberis ilicifolia. Asiat. Researches. 6. p. 357.
A native of the mountainous countries north of Hindoo-
sthan, where it was first observed by Captain Hardwicke,
on his journy to Shreenagur, and afterwards found by Dr.
Buchanan in Napal, from whence the latter sent seed
to the Botanic Garden at Calcutta in 1802; in April 1808.
the plants therefrom blossomed for the first time. In ap~
pearance it resembles the common Berbery bush of Eu-
rope.
Stems several from the same root, bending much to ene
side. Branches slender, after the first year spreading
and drooping ; young shoots angular, and furrowed. Bark
of the old ligneous parts of a light ash colour, and yellow
within ; and sois the wood ; the height of our shrubs now
when seven years old, is from four to eight feet. Spines
three, rarely five-fold from one base, straight, strong, and
sharp. Leaves in fascicles in the axills of the spines, sub-
sessile, obovate, and oblong ; margins spinous, with cir-
cular sinuses between, texture hard, smooth on both sides,
but reticulate with veins; from one to two inches long.
Stipules small, subulate, petiolary, having some small
scales intermixed with the insertions of the leaves. Ra-
cemes solitary, from the centre of the fascicles of Jeaves,
many-flowered. Pedicels often as long as the racemes,
straight, one-flowered ; sometimes there is no raceme, and
then several, long-pedicelled flowers occupy its place.
Flowers rather large, pure yellow. Bractes at the base’
of the pedicels triple, one-flowered, ovate, acute. Calyx
about nine-leaved, imbricate. Leaflets unequal, yellow,
smooth. The exterior three minute, and may be called
bractes; the next three larger; the iner three still larg-
- Berberis. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 183
er, and nearly as long as the petals. Petals six, in two
series, round-obovate ; exterior margins a little notched
and curled in over the anthers. Nectarial glands subcy-
lindric. Filaments shorter than the petals, and opposite
to them, thick at top. Anthers a polleniferous, oblong,
operculated pit on each side near the apex. Germ oblong,
one-celled, on the inside is a ridge; four, five, or six seeds
_ are attached to its base. Style scarcely any. Stigma
large, peltate, with a pit in the centre, Berries ovate,
rather larger than the common berbery of Europe,
smooth, with red, succulent, acid pulp; colour a dark
purple, with a bloom over it, like that of the common
plum, one-celled. Seeds two or three, attached as in the
germ, oblong, somewhat rugose. Integuments two ; the ex-
tertor one thick, spongy, and brown; the inner one mem-
branaceous. Perisperm conform to the seed, yellow. Cha-
laza large and conspicuous on its apex.- Embryo nearly
as long as the perisperm, straw-coloured, erect. Cotyled-
' os oblong. Radicle subcylindric, inferior.
2. B. angustifolia. R.
Shrubby. Racemes simple; pedicels one-flowered. Spines
Single. Leaves lanceolar. Germ two-seeded.
Found by Francis Picrard, Esq. on the mountains north
of Rohilkhund, and Hurdwar.
Spines oftener single than triple, straight, diverging.
Leaves fascicled in the axills of the spines, sessile, lanceo-—
lar, rather rounded at the apex, with a minute spinous
Point, some of them have a small spinous toothlet on one
or both margins, but are otherwise entire, tapering most
toward the base ; smooth, veined, texture hard, the length
from one to two inches, and generally less than half an inch
‘breadth, Racemes axillary, the length of the leaves, so-
litary. Flowers solitary, long-pedicelled, small. Bractes
oblong, concave, acute, solitary at the base of each pedi-—
Cel, and sometimes one or twosmaller ones near the top.Jn _
184 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Loranthus.
B. asiatica, they are triple at the base of the pedicels. Ca-
lyx nine-leaved ; leaflets in three series ; the exterior three
minute ; the inner three nearly as long as the petals. Pe-
tals six-obovate, entire. Nectarial glands oblong, Fila-
ments inserted into the base of the petals. Anthersa long
operculated pit in each side of the filaments, just under
the apex. Germ oblong, one-celled, containing two seeds,
attached to the bottom of the cell. Style short. Stigma
peltate, glandular.
3. B. pinnata. R.
Leaves unequally pinnate; leaflets grossly spinous,
dentate. Racemes terminal, .
Candingne young more, is the vernacular name in the
Munipoor Country, where it is indigenous. It flowers in
November.
Thunbere’s figure of his Ilex Japonica is so very like
this plant, as to induce me to think they may be the same. —
NANDINA. Schreb. gen. n. 596..
Calyx many-leaved, imbricated. Curol nixohotallal
Berry one-celled, two seeded. Embryo inverse, and far-
nished with a perisperm.
N. domestica. Willd. 2, 230. Thunb. ge 147, Gert.
sem, 2. 69, Bot. Mag. 1109.
Said to be a native of Japan ; it was et be from
Canton in China into the Botanic Garden at Calcutta by
Mr, William Kerr.
LORANTHUS. Schreb. gen. n. 600.
Calyx uncertain. Corol generally one-petalled wad of-
ten irregular, Germ interior, one-celled, one-seeded ; at-
tachment superior, Berry one-seeded. ES eres
and —_e with a perisperm.
Loranthus, HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 185.
1 L., bicolor Corem, pl. 2. N. 139.
Leaves, opposite, oblong, smooth, Racemes axiliene
Corols irregular, five-cleft. Stamens tive. Berries oblong.
Beng. Bura-manda.
Vanda.is the Sanscrit name. Sir William Jones
thought this the general term for all Parasitic plants, ,
Compare with Loranthus longiflorus, and also with
falcatus, Willd...
Teling. Yellinga:wodinaka (wodinaka means parasi-
tical.)
Itis always found growing upon the branches. af vari-
ous kinds of trees, and is, very ramous., It flowers during ,
the greatest part of the year, and is highly ornamental. _.
_ Trunk scarcely any. Branches numerous, ascending,
woody, bark grey. , Leaves nearly opposite, sessile, or
very short-petioled, from oval to linear-lanceolate, waved,
entire, reclined ; .veins scarcely any ; from three to five
inches long, and from one to one and a half broad. Ra-
cemes axillary, single, simple, sub-erect, many-flowered,
Flowers in size and appearance muchlike those of the ho- |
ney suckle, Bractes a small, concave, cordate one, press-
es on the base of the germs on one side. Calyx there is no
other perianth of the fruit, than the above mentioned
bracte ; that of the flower, cup-shaped, entire, permanent. '
Corol one-petalled, Tube long, a little curved, swell-)
ing from the bottom to within a third of the mouth, it then
Contracts a little; border five-parted, the upper fissure —
much the deepest ; segments linear, reflexed towards one
Side. Filaments five, from the base of the segments of the.
corol, short, .Anthers linear. Germ superior, naked. Style
the length of the corol, Stigma clubbed. Berry inferior,
Crowned with the remaining calyx, oblong, smooth, pul-
PY, One-celled, Seed single. iy
-This.is a handsome looking parasite, bearing a great.
Shes, of. EY, naaniila ponent its ide pds alan oni
“bg 5 “Ft TKS (Apk2s $35
' 186 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Loranthus,
very well; all that part of the branch of the tree above
where it grows, becomes sickly, and soon perishes.
This species differs from Gertner’s Lonicera zeylanica,
in being without the calyx of the fruit, and having only
five parts in the corol, &c. but in the raceme they agree.
' Nor can I reconcile it to be L. falcatus of the supplemen-
tum, nor L. loniceroides of Linnzeus, for here the inflores-
cence bears no resemblance to an involucred umbel. Nei-
ther can it be L. pentandra, as there the leaves are alter-
nate, with petioles nearly as long as the racemes, in
short I cannot well reconcile it to any of the hitherto des-
cribed species. It unites the two bapa of Loranthus
and Lonicera.
In Bengal I have found it with leaves from five to six
inches long, and from four to five broad,
2. L. scurrula. Willd. 2. 232. Corom, pl. 2: N. 140,
Leaves opposite, ovate, underneath downy. Flowers
axillary, fascicled. Corol sreegmiars® four-cleft. Stamens
four. Berries turbinate.
The natives have no other name for this than Wodi=
“It is a parasiatical shrub, but smaller considerably
than the last, and much scarcer ; it grows upon branches
of trees in the same manner, and flowers aywing the nay
season. Me
_ Leaves opposite, petioled, cordate, scolloped, sincatah
with soft white down underneath ; about two inches long,
and one anda half broad. Peduncles numerous, collected
in the axills, one or more flowered. Flowers considerably ©
smaller than in the last, a rusty grey colour, and coyer-
ed with grey, farinaceous dust, Bractes one, pressing on ’
the germ, as in the last species. Calyx of the fruit no other.
than the bracte of the flower, as in the former. Corol one-
petalled. Tube swelled towards the base. Border four+
parted ; upper fissure deepest ; divisions linear, reflexed-
Loranthus. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 187
Stamens four; the pistillum as in the last. Berry top-
shaped, one-seeded,
3. L. globosus. R.
Leaves opposite, oblong, smooth. Spikes axillary. Co-
rols regular, six-cleft. Berries round-oval.
Kanneli itti-kanni. Rheed. Mal. 10. t. 5.
Beng. Chota-manda.
A ramous, shrubby parasite, like the two species al-
ready described; it is common on trees all over Bengal
and flowers all the year.
Leaves generally opposite, though sometimes alternate,
and also three-fold, short-petioled, oblong, smooth, en-
tire, of a thick leathery texture, almost veinless ; from
two to three inches long. Racemes, (or rather spikes,)
axillary, or between the leaves, or from the old axills ;
generally solitary, though sometimes there are two, or
even three together, much shorter than the leaves. Flow-
ers opposite, from three to six pair in the spike, sessile,
small, of a greenish-orange colour. Bractes no other than
the perianth “of the fruit. Calyx ; perianth of the fruit
inferior, two-leaved, the under and exterior cordate ; the
inner two-toothed ; that of the flower is no other than the
circular margin of the pit, which receives the flawer. Co-
rolone-petalled ; tube gibbous, six-sided. - Border. six-
parted ; divisions alike, and cut equally deep, reflected.
Filaments six, erect, inserted into the base of the diyisi-
ns of the corol, Germ ovate. Style length of the sta-
mens, Stigma large, glandular, naveled. Berry inferior,
round, oval, the size of a pea, smooth ; when ripe the pulp
is yellow, clammy, and elastic, which makes it adhere
sa the branches of trees where it terminates, resting on
permanent calyciform bractes and crowned witha -
) ring where the corol stood, round the permanent base of
the Style, one-celled, Seed solitary, conform to the berry.
tegument single, white, _ and clammy, nark
= HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Loranthus,
with twelve whitish striz. Perisperm conform to the seed,
six-grooved, green. Embryo central, inverse, straight,
pale green, nearly as long as the perisperm. Cotyledons
two, linear-oblong. Plumula minute. Radicle subcylin-
_ dric, the length of the cotyledons, superior. Birds are
fond of the berries.
4. L. ferruginosus. R.
- Young shoots, as well as the under. ‘sities of the oval
épness long, slender, tetrandrous, regular ; flowers, fruit,
and pedicels, all clothed with much ferrmginous, penene
cence.
Found by Mr. William Betta growing. on wiiecai in
Aheiforesia of Pulo Pinang. Heal: re eay
pos aq . ae #a%
Be ‘E involucratus. R.
Leaves opposite, ovate-cordaté, smooth: \ Umbellets
axillary ; involucres four-leaved, pets ae tite a, j flowers
regular, Pe a
of Chittagong, Silhet, &e, where j it t blossomis the greater
part of the year. » je Bae
Branches’ while young clothed with smooth, shining,
dark brown bark. Leaves opposite, short-petioled, ovate,
and ovate-cordate, sides often unequal, as in most of
the plants of this genus, entire, smooth’on both! ‘sides’
from three to four inches long. Umbellets axillary,
crowded, subsessile, much shorter than the leaves. In--
volucres four-leaved, four-flowered ; leaflets ovateIanceo-
late, smooth, entire. Flowers sebanet pretty large, e-
qualling the involucre. Calyx superior, short, five-tooth-"
ed, villous. Corol ; tube widening toward the ‘mouth,
villous. Border regular, five-parted. Segments linear,
revolute. Filaments equalling the segments of. the corol,
and inserted on them below their middle. Anthers oval.
Germ oval, sericeous. Style rather longer oe the coral.
“Stigma two-lobed, —_
Loranthus. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 189
~ 6. L. ampullaceus. R.
Leaves opposite, oblong, polished. Racemes axillary,
simple. Flowers calycled, regular, hexandrous ; tube of
the coro] gibbous. Berries long-oval.
Found on trees in the forests of Silhet, but seeming to
prefer the mango trees to all others. Flowering time the ©
dry season, probably the whole year round.
Stem as in our other Indian parasites, the size and
shape very uncertain, but numerous from two to four-
cleft ; smooth branches and branchlets spread in all di-
rections. Leaves opposite, short petioled, oblong, entire,
smooth, from three to four inches long, and generally less
than two in breadth. Racemes axillary, solitary, or in
pairs, much shorter than the leaves. Flowers ‘opposite,
short-pedicelled, pretty large, ofa greenish yellow colour,
Bracies oval, one at the base of each pedicel, and two
pressing the base of the germ, like an inferior bilabiate ca-
lyx. Calyx supérior, entire, rotate. Corol regular ; tube
sibbous ; border six-cleft ; divisions revolute, somewhat
Spatulate. Filaments six, from the mouth of the tube
of the corol, the length of its segments. Anthers ovate.
Germ inferior, one-celled, .containing one ovula attach-
ed to the top of the cell. | Style longer than the corol.
Stigma large. Berry inferior, long-oval, smooth, yellow,
the size of a currant, one-celled- Pulp pale yellow, and
very clammy. Seed solitary, ovate. Integuments two; the
exterior one marked with six longitudinal fibres; the in-
ner one membranaceous. Perisperm conform to the seed,
Six-grooved, green. Embryo cylindric, inverse. Cotyle-
dons short, semicylindric. Radicle cylindric, with a turbi-
nate apex, rising above the perisperm, inverse.
7. L. clavatus. R.
Leaves opposite, broad-lanceolate. Flowers axillary,
few together, tetrandrous. Corols irregular, four-cleft ;
clavate. . oA has
190 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Bambusa,
A delicate, shrubby parasite, found in the Silhet dis<
trict, growing on Averrhoa Carambola.
8. L. pentapetalus. R.
Leaves opposite, from lanceolate, to ovate-cordate,
and obliquely alternate, smooth. Racemes axillary.
Flowers pentandrous. Petals five, with an enlarged
three-sided base.
A large, very ramous, shrubby plant, found growing on
various trees in the forests of Silhet. Flowers red, ap-
pearing about the beginning of the rains in June,
Branches and branchlets columnar, and quite smooth.
Leaves opposite, petioled, from lanceolate to ovate-cor-
date, obliquely alternate, from the middle to the apex, en-
tire, smooth; from three to four inches long, and about two
broad. Racemes axillary, solitary, or paired, straight, sim-
ple, often as long as the leaves, smooth. Flowers very nu-
merous, short-pedicelled, smooth, scattered, red. Bractes,
an obliquely-ovate one embraces the base of the germ on
the outside. Calyx superior, rather small, sub-entire,-
smooth. Petals five, the base of each swelled out into a
fleshy three-sided body, giving to the bottom of the corol,a
globular form, and meeting in the centre, leaving only a
small aperture for the style; above tongue-shaped, and
recurved. Filaments five, inserted in the petals. Anthers
ovate. Germ oblong, one-celled, containing one ovula,
pendulous from the top of the cell. Style four-sided, joint-
ed, or appearing so, near the middle. Stigma a little en-—
larged. Berries oblong, smooth, of a greenish dade one-
seeded, &c. as in the eae ar “
BAMBUSA. Schreb.gen.n-60].
Calyx calycled, from two to three-valved, many-
flowered. Corol, glume two-valved. Style bifid. Seed.
one. | ‘3 aac Fle ee 3
Bambusa, HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 191
1. B. arundinacea. Corom. pl. 1. N. 79.
Spikes half verticelled; calyces about four-flowered, half
of which are male ; nectaries three-leaved.
Arundo bambos Linn. sp. pl. 120.
Ily, Rheed. Mal. 1. t, 16.
Beng. Bans.
Teling. Mulkas, Vedroo.
Tam. Mungil, vel Munkil.
It delights in a rich, moist soil, such as the banks of
rivulets, lakes, &c. among the mountains.
Stems, I fear to call them culms, numerous, from ten
to a hundred from the same root, for eighteen or twen-—
ty feet straight, then bending gently to one side, pip-
ed, jointed, undivided, but with innumerable, very ra-
mous, alternate, winding, bifarious, spreading branches.
Thorns double, or triple, alternate, on the joints of the .
branches and branchlets ; when double, a branchlet oc-.
cupies the centre ; when triple the largest thorn stands
there ; they are remarkably strong, sharp, and somewhat
Tecurved ; sometimes they are wanting, particularly in
tich moist soils. Leaves sheathing, bifarious short-petioled,
linear-lanceolate, the upper side and margins backwardly
hispid, broad at the base, fine-pointed, from two to six
inches long, and half or three quarters of an inch broad ;
on the rich moist soil on the banks of the Ganges they
are from two to four inches broad, and about a foot long. —
Sheaths somewhat downy with a few short, bent filaments
on each side of the mouth.
Inflorescence. When in flower the tree is Sinai a
titute of leaves, and as the extremity of every ramifica-
tion is covered with flowers, the whole tree seems one
entire, immense panicle, composed of innumerable, some- ~
what verticelled spikes, each verticil is composed of se-—
veral, distichous, oblong, pointed, sessile, rigid paren 2
Such as those of ELEuSINE, Poa, &c. ge
Common calyx, calycled, from two to sixllowered,
192 ‘HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Bambusa.
from two to three-valved, valvelets equal, oblong, con-
cave, smooth, and of a firm texture ; scales round the
base small, oval, number uncertain ; they are also often
common to several minute, sterile spikelets.
HERMAPHRODITE flowers one, two, or three below the
male. Calyx no other than that above described. Corol
two-valved, the exterior valvelet rather the shortest, ob-
long, pointed, smooth, cartilaginous ; the inner valvelet
oblong, margins inflected, concave behind, -and fringed
with hairs round the elevated margins: of thei posterior
concavity. Nectary three obovate scales embracing the
insertions of the stamens, and germ. Filaments six, in-
serted in the base of the germ. | Anthers linear, incum-
bent. Germ oval. Style single. Stigma two-cleft;—
divisions plumoge. . Seed, firmly closed in the corol, ex-
geodinghy like oats and about,the same size. | Agee
meget FLoweERs from one abi three above ths hesnill
phrodite. Pistil none. ene. ioe
It would be calla isin and unnecessary to mention she .
various purposes to which this most useful plant is. =
they are already known to-most people.
‘The Tamul Doctors say the root is diluent; tliat the’
bark cures eruptions ; the Camphire, or salt ¢( Tabaséer)o
cures all sorts of paralytic complaints, flatulencies, and
poisons, The leaves are esteemed the best Emmenagogue }
the Chinese are said to possess the same idea. The neti )
-is_used for food as rice...
-Tabasheer Vedroo Paloo, that: is en of beating of
the Telingas ; and Mungle Upoo, salt of bamboo, of the
Tamuls, the substance so well described by Dr. Patrick
Russell, in the 80th vol, of the Philosophical Transactions
of London, ie: fount: in the; asian: psa a
‘ ¢ me 8, =
borsweli-2i4 6 owt medi boloy!so yanks sale
Bambusa, HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 193
2. B. stricta. Corom. pl. 1, N. 80.
Spikes with dense globular verticels. rial from
two to three-flowered, all hermaphrodite ; no nectary; —
exterior glumes of the corols daggered.
Teling. Sadanapa vedroo.
- This is clearly a distinct species ; it grows in a drier
situation, is not near so large, has a much smaller ca-_
vity, and is very straight; its great strength, solidity, and
straightness renders it much fitter for a variety of uses,
than the common sort; the natives make staffs to their
spears, &c. of it.
_ Stems fewer, straighter, and smaller, than in the com-
_ mon sort, otherwise they are the same. Thorns oftener
wanting. Inflorescence the same as in the former. Verticels
sessile, globular, very dense, entirely surrounding the
branchlets, Spikelets of the yerticel, crowded, distichous,
&c, as in the last, Calyx as in the last, except that the
scales are longer, and common to two or three spikelets,
Here the flowers are generally all hermaphrodite, and
_ Seldom more than three to the calyx. Corol two-valved ;
exterior valvelet downy, with a very stiff, sharp, daggered
point. Inner valve as in B, arundinacea. Nectary 1
could not see any. Stamens six. Pistil woolly, Stigma
two.cleft, filiform. Seed asin the last.
3.B. Tulda. R.
Arboreous, unarmed, Spikelets shoal a
all hermaphrodite. Nectaries cuneate, fringed. Style
three-cleft. oe.
Vansa is the Sanscrit name which Sir William Jones
applies to bamboos in general.
Beng. Tulda Bans.
Hind, Peka-Bans. -
This is the common bamboo of Bengal, where it grows
in the greatest abundance every where. Flowering time
the month of May. waa
¥
194 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Bambusa.
The root consists of many small fibres, ‘spreading in’
every direction, but to no great distance, nor do they pe-
netrate very deep. | 7
The roots of all the other species are similar.
Stems in old plants numerous from the same root, joint-
ed, smooth, and ramous. In the month of June, soon
after the first: rains set in, new ones rise up amongst those
of the former year and in the same manner in all the o-
ther species, at first in the form of a Targe’ straight ele-
phant’s tusk, invested in strong coriaceuus sheaths, one
at each joint ; these shoots rise simple to their full size,
from twenty to seventy feet in height, and from six to —
twelve inches in circumference, in the course of about
thirty days ; during which period the sheaths drop off,
and aré soon Succeeded by numerous, alternate, ramous,
bifarious, unarmed branches, from the joints ; before these
appear, the shoots look like as many naked fishing rods,
of immense size. Leaves alternate, bifarious, subsessile,
sheathing, linear-Ianceolate, acute-pointed, with ‘their
bases broad, and often’ rounded, or cordate ; from six to
twelve inches long, and about one broad. Sheaths of
the leaves ‘longer than the joints, and ending oe two, ae i
ral, stipulary, bearded processes,” ib 998308 :
Inflorescence. Before these trees blossom, they salen wa’
of considerable age, several years ; and even then it is
seldom they can be found in this state ; at that period
the whole plant is destitute of leaves, and forms one im-
mensely, oblong, waving panicle, composed of innumiera-.
ble, supra-decompound ramifications.
" Spikelets lanceolate, sessile, one, two, three, or more at :
the joints of the most extreme rawifications ; each bear-—
ing from four to eight, (generally all.) hermaphrodite
flowers. Calyx calycled, as in the other species describ-
ed by me. © Corol two-valved. Exterior valve oblong,
pointed, smooth, completely involving the inner valve, —
as well as a portion of the flat rachis in which it is in- |
Bambusa. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 195
serted. Jnner valve concave on the inside, where it press-
es on the rachis ; this concave portion is surrounded
with asharp ciliate margin. Nectary of three, broad,
cuneate, ciliate leaflets. Filaments six, half the length
of the valves of the corol.. Anthers linear, drooping, red-
purple. Germ. obovate, obtusely three-sided. Style
very short, Stigma three, long, feathering. Seed, they
may best be described by comparing them to oats, which
they exactly resemble, and are of the same size.
This species is very generally used allover Bengal, for
covering the houses of the natives, scaffolding, &c. &c.
If soaked in water for some weeks previously to their be-
cad
_ ing used, they last much longer, and are stronger; if not
they are soon devoured. by a small species of Bostrichus,
Itis notwithstanding deemed inferior to Balkooa C Bal-
koo bans) of the Bengalees,
‘This species, Tulda bans, so far as I am able to des
at present, is not to be found on the Coast of Coroman-
del. Its quick growth, size and universal commonness in
Bengal, renders it one of the most variously useful plants
in India. The young thick shoots, mentioned when
describing the stem, ‘are when about two feet high, ten-
der and very frequently pickled, anda most excellent
one they make, when properly prepared.
Jowa Bans of the Bengalees, is only a large sta of
Nie cnocing and used chiefly for scaffolding, and build-
ing the larger and better sorts of houses of the natives.» It:
differs from Tulda in the greater length, and greater:
thickness of the joints, _.Basini bans of the Bengalees,
is another variety of Tulda. It has a larger cavity, and
is used chiefly to make baskets.
Behoor bans of the Bengalees, is of a small size, very”
Solid, and strong, much bent to one side, and armed with
numerous strong thorns, which renders it very fit for
hedges. A staff of this species must be placed in the hand
of every young brahmin, when invested with the sacerdo-— :
Y2 ;
196 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Bambusa.
tal cord, otherwise they say the ceremony cannot be per-
formed,
4. B. Balcooa. R. ; ;
Arboreous, unarmed, Leaves sublanceolate ; with a
cordate base, inflorescence sub-radical, spikelets from four
to five-flowered, all hermaphrodite.
Beng. Balkoo-bans.
It is a native of Bengal, and on account of its size,
and strength, is reckoned by the workers in bamboo work
the very best sort for building the houses of the na- —
tives, scaffolding, &c. works requiring both size and _
strength. Flowering time the rainy season, however it —
rarely arrives at this state, for I have but once met
with it in blossom.
Stems similar to the other species, but stouter, and of- —
ten taller. Ramifications also the same. Leaves bifarious,
subsessile on their sheathing bases, lanceolate, with the
base cordate ; margins slightly hispid; smooth, deep green
on both sides; from one to two inches broad, and from four —
to twelve long. Sheaths longer than the joints ; exposed
parts villous, with a bearded stipulary mouth, (ligula,) —
rising above the insertion of the leaves. Inflorescence in
radical, verticelled spikes ; verticels large, sub-globular, —
composed of numerous, sessile spikelets, of from four to
_ six hermaphrodite flowers. Calyx calycled. Corol two-
valved. Exterior smooth, ovate. Inner with the exterior
margins ciliate. Nectary of three, oval, ciliate leaflets. —
Stamina six. Style woolly. Stigmas three, and also woolly.
To make this species more serviceable, long immersion
in water is required to render them firmer, and proof _
against the attacks of the Bostrichi, and their larva. nee
‘There are two varieties of this most useful species. The
~ large the natives call Dhooli-balkoo, and the smaller Bal-
koo-bans, which has a smaller cavity, and though notso
large a bamboo, is on that account very strong.
Bambusa. - HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 197
5. B. baccifera. R.
Arboreous, unarmed. Pericarp a very large, pendulous
pyramidal, one-seeded berry.
Beesha. Rheed. Mal, vol.5. t. 60. p. 119.
Pagu-tullu, of the people of the Chittagong mountains,
where the plant is indigenous.
This uncommonly curicus berry-bearing bamboo, is a
native of the Chittagong mountains.
Growing plants, seeds, and well preserved specimens,
were sent me from thence, by Mr. Richard Pierard, a
gentleman to whom the Botanic Garden at Calcutta is
under many obligations. The bamboo he writes is the
one in common use in that country, for every purpose of
_ building, &c. His description of the tree is so full and per-
fect that [do not think I can do better than transcribe what _
he says, in reply to my queries regarding this plant, viz.
“It bears no thorns ; grows in dry places, chiefly on
the sides of hills, where the upper stratum of the soil is
sandy. The circumference near the base twelve or thirteen
Jnches; height from fifty to seventy feet, beautifully erect,
and without the least flexure, or unequality of surface,
bare of branches except near the extremity, Perishes
after yielding its fruit.
“Ityields more or less Tabasheer of a siliceous crystalli-
zation ; sometimes it is said the cavity between the joints
is nearly filled with this, which the people call wegen .
time.’ ” So far Mr. Pierard.
- — Leaves alternate, bifarious, subsessile on their dvvectili 2
ing base, ovate-lanceolate, smooth on both sides, and
slightly ribbed underneath ; from six to twelve inches
8, and from two to four brad: Sheaths of the leaves
villous, with their mouths bearded with many long fili-
form fibres, Spikes compound, issuing many together
from the joints of the large branches, or upper part of the ne?
Stem, long, slender, jointed, ramous, each joint furnished
with a sheath on itslength. — Spikelets three, four.
198 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA., Bambusa.
or more flowered. The inferior scales ( Calyx, ) thereof
-abortive, or with male flowers. Corol of two unequal,
long, taper, acute-pointed, smooth valves, Stamina six,
about as long as the pistil. Germ ovate, Style single.
Stigmas three, filiform, woolly. Pericarp. In this singu-
lar species, itis a very large, hard, fleshy, conical, smooth
taper, curved, pointed fruit, with a single,large, oval seed
in each, ee
6. B. spinosa. R.
Subarboreous, dreadfully samed with simple, ae com
pound spines. Spikelets from three to five-flowered;
florets trigynous. Nectary cirenials eats
Beng. Behor Bans.
Arundarbor spinosa, Rumph, Amb, 4, 14. t. 2.
This beautiful, middling sized, very elegant. species, 1
have only found in the vicinity of Calcutta, where now
and then some of the oldest. are found to blossom about
the beginning of the rains, in June.
_ Stems scarcely fistulous, jointed, &c. as in the other spe,
cies ; in this many grew so close together, as to appear
a single trunk at some distance, and by the help of theif
bifariously alternate, triple branches, and. spines, 0
completely bound together, that itis a most arduous
task to cut down an old clump of them; joints from six
to twelve inches asunder, The plants, or shoots of the
clump, which come into flower, Ihave observed to be
those of the centre, and they are taller, straighter, and
with a much longer cavity, and longer joints than the
rest, which are shorter, droop more, and wave elegant-
ly with the motion of the wind, notwithstanding they are
nearly solid, for it is only the larger stems that have
small cavity, the branches being generally solid; whole _
height from thirty to fifty feet, Spines at the joints, and
very generally present, through the whole plant triple; this
is evidently the habit, though frequently incomplete; the
Bambusa. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 199
middle one is the largest, and often compound ; all are more
or less recurved, very strong, and sharp, By the number
and strength of these spines, and of the branches of this
species, it may be said to form the most impenetrable
jungle in India. Leaves sessile on their sheaths, bifari-
ous, linear-lanceolate, cuspidate, rarely more than six
inches long. ‘The sheaths have their mouths ciliate with
hairs and filaments.
Inflorescence. The plants of the clump when in flower,
form one immense, naked panicle; for at this time there
isnot aleaf to be found onthem. Spikelets crowd-
ed on the joints of the extreme branchlets, sessile, lanceo-—
late, generally three, four, five or six-flowered, &c. ex-
actly as in Poa. Florets the inferior two and terminal
one male hermaphrodite, or neuter, the middle two, or
three, or four hermaphrodite. Calyx, the number of scales
which embrace the base of each spikelet uncertain, Co- |
rol ; glume, two-valved ; exterior smooth, hard, and point-
ed ; inner as long as the exterior, concave behind; margins
incuryed, forming one acute angle, asin Poa ; edges
of the posterior concavity much ciliate. Nectary of three,
Corol-like, oval, ciliate scales, Filaments six, three im-
mediately within the nectarial scale, and three alternate
with them. Germ clavate. Styles three, cuninnl pees
with pale purple wool. :
Like the other species, this is employed for various
useful purposes ; and as it grows toa pretty large: size,
and with a smaller cavity than any of the others, it is’
Revita well adapted for a sabia of uses,
z. B, nana. R.
‘Shrubby, unarmed,
“Sans. Keu-fa, of the Chinese ; a native of their country, |
and now plentiful in the Botanic Garden at Calcutta, but —
nn me eeeasapuasgsip in rape co ne makes oe t bean re
200 HEXANDRIA DIGYNIA, Oryza,
The popular belief, that Bamboos often take fire by the
violence of their friction, during those hot, dry months,
when, what is called, the land wind prevails, is support-
ed by the Sanscrit stanza, quoted by Sir William Jones,
(See As. Res. vol. 4. p. 254,) of which the following isa
copy-
__ “Delight of the world, beloved Chandana, stay no Jong-
er in this forest which is overspread with rigid pernicious
Vansas, whose hearts are unsound ; who being themselves
confounded in the scorching stream of flames, kindled by
their mutual attrition, will consume not their own families
merely, but this whole world.”
HEXANDRIA DIGYNIA.
ORYZA. Schreb. gen. n. 609.
Calyx, glume two-valved, one-flowered. Corol two-
valved, growing to the seed. Nectary two-leaved.
Of this genus I have found only two species, but of |
the first, sativa, there are between forty and fifty varie-
ties known to, and cultivated by the Indian farmers ; they
seem all tohave sprung from the wild sort called New-
aree by the Telingas, and from it the following descrip:
tion is taken.
O. sativa.* Willd, 2. 247. &c. &c.
Panicle diffuse. pal ts tk Si
Unoo, Dhanya, Vrihi, the Sanscrit names of the cultivat-
ed sort, and Nivara the wild variety, called by the Telin-
gas Newaree, Aruz of the Arabians. —
“An improper name, certainly for aaieceaeasena al
which is never cultivated ; however as custom has established it for
Cin scaseninee vasietion thawad I cannot well attempt to alter it in
describing what I take fér the original, wild stock, Som, nhaner
the cultivated varieties have sprung, which I am now desc cribing- =
Oryza. HEXANDRIA DIGYNIA. 201 ©
.
Dhan the Bengalee name of the plant, and the unhusk-
ed rice, and Chaul the clean rice.
Uri the generic Telinga name of the cultivated sorts.
Urloo the grain in the husk; and Bium the grain, or
rice. Newaree of the Telingas is the plant in its wild
State.
This original stock is always found wild in and about
the borders of lakes throughout the Circars, is never cul-
tivated so far as I can learn, because the produce, they
say, is small, compared to that of the varieties in cultiva-
tion.
Root fibrous, annual. Culms numerous, near the base
floating, or creeping, with the extremities erect, they are
_ jointed, round and smooth, from two to eight or ten feet
long, according to the depth of the water. Leaves
Sheathing, long, and slender, backwardly scabrous;
mouth of the sheaths crowned with a large, conical,
membranaceous, lacerated process. This process, ligula,
or stipule, is common to all the varieties I have examin-
ed. Panicle terminal, thin, bowing when the seed is
Weighty. Rachis common, and partial, angular, and his-
pid. Flowers single, pedicelled. Calyx and corol as
described in the Genera plantarum, except that here the
large valye of the calyx ends in a very long hispid, co-
loured awn. Nectary, two falcate bodies embracing the
Posterior half of the germ which are common to all the —
Varieties. Stamens six.
_ The rice of the wild sort above diactibed, is fetal
ably white, palatable, and reckoned very wholesome ; so
that it is carefully gathered, and sells dear. The rich
esteem ita dainty ; and to make it still more delicate,
they boil it only in steam, A coarse kind of confec-
tion, called beat rice, is made of it, and sold in most “ab
Zars,
Adepts in eineiitvand in England and Scotland say
there is no such thing in = as perpetual fertility,
202 HEXANDRIA DIGYNIA, Oryza.
.
they probably do not know that much.of the rice land —
in Asia is so situated as to receive no help whatever from —
nature, except what the air and rains yield ; however
the greatest. proportion, and the best, are those that are
overflowed annually by the inundations of large rivers.
These we know receive from the waters much fertilizing
matter; but the greatest part of the rice lands in the
Circars, are of the former sort ; there they depend entire-
ly upon the rains ; consequently can receive no help but
from the rain. that immediately falls upon them, and
the dry stubble that is annually left on the ground, to- | :
gether with the remains of a few other plants that may
have grown up with the rice. The crop is always al-
lowed to be in every part dry ripe before cut, and is then
immediately carried.off the field. Cattle are turned to
-eatup the stubble through the day; but never suffered to
remain on.it all night, as they are then constantly house-
ed. I speak of those parts the Circars only which are near
Samulcota; they cannot. therefore communicate much
fertility to the ground, and I never, saw, nor heard of an
east Indian farmer, manuring, in the smallest degree a
rice field ; yet these fields have, for probably thousands of
years, continued to yield annually a large crop of rice,on
an average from thirty to sixty-fold ; agen eighty, ora
hundred has been known, 7 ti
There is no rotation of crops on rice lands, they lie
idle from the time one crop is cut till the next is trans-
planted into them, during which time the soil is most pet-
fectly dried, I may say burnt up; whether it receives a-
ny benefit from. being so, is a as on which I cannot
pretend to.give an opinion... a
The best rice lands. are extensive open plains, oiceni
whickincn rivers pass, and which are exposed to. eve~
ry wind that blows. No hedge, nor any kind of shelter ;
is here necessary, so that the plants are exposed to the
greatest glare of solar light, and the freest circulation oF
er ia
.
Oryza. HEXANDRIA DIGYNIA. | 203
;
air. The soil is generally of great depth, many feet pure
mould without the least mixture of'sand, small stones,
&c. Itis of a darker colour than garden mould in general.
During the dry hot’ seasons these fields retain the water
long upon the surface, allowing but little ‘to” escape
through, so that most of the waste is by immediate eva-
poration. a
The Hindoo farmers divide the numerous varieties
into two orders ; the first they call the Poonas, or the
early sorts ; the second the Pedda, and Worloo, or Ped-
da Panta, which means the late or great crop.
1S 4,
Division First, :
Teling. Poonas. Sungskrit, Asoo, Beng. were
The varieties of this order are generally, if the weather
admits,sown thick in June, or early in July, on such small
well laboured spots as are a little above the level of the
common rice lands, for fear of their being too long inun-
dated by heavy rains ; at the same time it is necessary that
those spots should be so situated, as to admit of be-
ing watered, in case of too dry weather: In about furty
days, if the season has been favorable, the young plants
will have attainegl to the: height of from nine to eighteen
inches ; by this time fields are flooded, ‘slightly plough-
ed, and made level by dragging by a pair of bullocks, or
buffaloes, a long flat piece of wood. The fields being now
in the state of very soft mud ; the plants are taken up and
Wansplanted by the hand. It is astonishing to see how
Soon a few labourers, men, women, and children, will
plant a field, nothing more is now requisite to bring the
etop to maturity, than keeping the fields constantly wet,
More or less flooded, according to the sort of rice up-
°n it, for some sorts require very little water, while others
“manne: a great deal. .When nearly ripe, the water is.
Off some days before they cut- down: he grain,
Zz3
204 HEXANDRIA DIGYNIA. Oryza.
which is done with the sickle, as in most parts of Europe.
The produce is then carried to some neighbouring elevat-
ed spot, where it is stacked, or immediately trod out by ©
cattle. The grain is then winnowed, dried, and de-
posited in pits dug in high ground, and lined with the
rice straw. The straw is stacked by the careful far-
mer, and reserved to feed his cattle with, during the hot
months when all vegetation is burnt up.
The following eight sorts are amongst the most com-
mon of this division ; and those I am best acquainted
with, viz.
Ist. Jillama-waree, is the Telinga name of the plant,
and Jilla-maloo the ripe grain. This seems the first re-
moved from the wild sort, newaree ; the awn is shorter,
and there are many of the flowers female. ‘The riceis of
a dark colour, and when husked, coarse, and reddish,
2nd. Yerra-dal-waree the plant, and Yerro-daloo the
grain.
This sort has also a long awn, there are many sale
neuter and female flowers mixed with the hermaphrodite
ones, It requires less water than most other varieties, of
course the higher situations suits it best, particularly if
the seasonis very wet. The grain is white, but the husk-
ed rice is coarse and reddish ; hence the name 7
which means red.
3rd. Dal-waree, and Dal-waloo the grain. This sort
has also along awn. It is chiefly cultivated during the
dry season, on such spots as can then be watered ; both.
the grain, and husked rice are of a dark blackish brow?
colour, and it is reckoned a very coarse sort.
Ath. Satica-waree the plant, and Saticaloo the grain-
This produces a coarse brown grain, the husked rice of
which is coarse, and reddish, It has a long esis — is
~ not much cultivated.
5th. Tella-koadama, the plant, the grain is white,-bat “|
the husked rice is coarse and reddish; it has no awn. This
a
Oryza. HEXANDRIA DIGYNIA. 205
sort is generally sown broad-cast, where it is to grow ; it
requires little water, and of course is most cultivated on
the higher lands that cannot command constant and re-
gular supplies of water.
6th. Suma-waree the plant, and Sumaloo the grain.
This is a small grain, of a dark colour, but the husked rice
is white, and tolerably fine. It yields but a small pro-
duce, and is not much cultivated. Ithas no awn.
7th. Kartee-waree the plant, and Kartikaloo the grain.
This sort is much cultivated, to a greater extent than all
the other early sorts put together. It has no awn, the grain
is of a middling size, brownish coloured ; the rice when
husked for the table is tolerably fine and white. It does
not require a great deal of water.
Sth. Gouree-waree the plant, and Gowree-kunkaloo the
grain. This is the finest of the early sorts, the grain has
no awn, and is of a pale purplish — and the husked
rice is fine and white.
’ There are many other sorts belonging to this division,
but as I have not had an opportunity of examining them,
I say nothing further about them.
Division SeconpD, or Peppa WoRLOoo,
1st, Atagadal-warce the plant and Ata-gadaloo the
grain ; of this sort a large proportion is cultivated, pro-
_ bably as much as of all the other sorts put together. It is
_ without awn,the unhusked and husked rice are both white,
and ofan excellent quality ; it requires much water.
2nd. Yerra-suna-waree the plant, and Yerra Sunaloo
_ the grain. The unhusked and prepared rice is white, and of
4 Very superior quality, no arista, grain long and slender.
8rd, Kosa-waree the plant, and Kosarloo.the grain.
The grain is of a light yellowish brown colour, small, awn-
less, and the cleansed rice, white, and Raabe: wat it
a Tequires but little water, and is little cultivated, | ip!
206— HEXANDRIA DIGYNIA, | Oryza.
Sth. Aksuna-waree the plant, and Aksunaloo the
grain. Grain like the last, but the table rice is finer; a
large proportion of this is cultivated,
6th. Krishna-neel-waree the plant, and Kirisline-necteliey
the grain. The grain is awnless, very small, dark bluish-
black colour. The prepared rice weky fine, and white; it is
not much cultivated, Shi Ht
This rice is generally boiled in: steam, on account of its
fineness. It is eaten by the rich only,
7th. Bangar-tiga, a large luxuriant sort; Grain white,
and awnless ; prepared rice white, and tolerably fine, it is
much cultivated in the Vizagapatam district,
Sth. Kalee-ganda. | 'Thisis also a large luxuriant sort.
The grain dark-coloured, awnless. The prepared rice to-
lerably white, but not fine ; it requires but little water.
9th. Telasuna-waree the plant, and Tella sunaloo the »
grain, Itisa large luxuriant variety. The grain white,
awnless ; the prepared rice white and fine. It is much
colltiamdials ben : :
There are besides the wiles about twenty more varie-
ties of this division, more or less fine, but the principal
are those above-mentioned.
2. 0, coarctata, R.
Panicle contracted ; valvelets of the cays subulate.
Leaves culm-clasping.
A native of the Delta of the Ganges, atid first disco
vered there by Dr. Buchanan i in 1796. i time bax
rainy season, } PPIEG 3 :
Root fibrous, and appearsto be anaes Culms erect,
ramous, jointed, from two to four feet high, smooth, their
lower parts stem also perennial. Leaves sword-shaped;
broadest at the culm-clasping base, tapering to a very
fine, long point, smooth, and of a firm texture, unequally
divided by the nerve, which is visible on the ‘back only, —
margins armed with minute. prickles. Sheaths of the
4
»
Leersia, HEXANDRIA DIGYNIA. 207
leaves smooth, with ample, waved, fringed mouths, be-
ing a continuation of the leaves themselves. Panicles
terminal, contracted, subcylindric. Flowers solitary,
pedicelled. Calyx of two, minute, subulate valvelets.
Corol two-valved, smooth ; the exterior one boat shaped,
ang daggered.
I have not been able to learn that any use is made of
this sort, nor even to obtain any Asiatic name for it:
| LEERSIA. Soland.
Calyx ; glume selpsigcommecan one-flowered. Corel none.
a L. aristata. fe
“Leaves lanceolate, Panicles diverging. Flowers pair-
ed, exterior valve of the calyx awned.
Nir-valli-pullu. Rheed. Mal. 10. t. 12.
Beng. Junglee dal.
Found growing on the surface of déexs, standing, sweet
water, in the vicinity of Calcutta. Flowering time the
cold season. Compare with Pharus aristatus.
. Clums jointed, long, floating on, and- in the water;
emitting numerous roots from the joints; apices above
the water sub-erect. Sheaths much longer than the
joints, and about as long as the leaves. ' Leaves sheath- |
ing, sublanceolate, rather obtuse ; cordate at the base ;
Striated and clouded with dark fib dhiall spots | Kbbve,
scabrous. © Panicles thin. Flowers paired on pedicels
of very unequal lengths, all hermaphrodite. Calyx ; glume
one-flowered, two-valved ; valvelets long, hispid, about
five-nerved the exterior ending in a pretty long straight
arista, Coro! none. ‘Nectary two-leaved, obcordate,
crenulate, Stamens six. Germ ovate. Styles two. Stig-
mas plumose, ©’ ae
a
2.Lciliata,R. tou
* Leaves linear-lanceolate, margins: bachaily isp
é
208 HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA. Rumex,
Panicles oblong. Flowers solitary, valves of the calyx
equal in length, and awnless, but amplyciliate on the
back.
Pharus ciliatus. Retz. obs, 5. p. 23.
A native of Bengal, where it occupies with its primitive
roots the margins of pools, lakes, &c. of sweet water,
sending forth innumerable, several-fathoms-long, float-
ing stems, and branches over the surface of the water,
to a much greater extent than L. aristata, which grows
in the same manner, but rarely extends more than a few
feet. Cattle are fond of the former.
Compare with Leersia hexandra of Swartz, and Leer-
sia australis Brown’s Prodromus. In both the foregoing
species I have never found the flowers completely herma-
phrodite.
HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
RUMEX. Schreb. gen. n. 613.
Calyx three-leaved. Petals three, converging. 'Three-
seeded.
1, R. acutus. Willd. 2. 253.
Annual (in India.) Flowers hermaphrodite, valvelets
all grain-bearing, at the flowering time entire, at the fruit
time toothed; verticels approximate, with most numer-
ous, pedicelled, drooping flowers. Leaves lanceolate,
entire. : |
_ Hind. Jool-pallum.
Beng. Bun-palung.
This plant is common about Calcutta in low places,
during the dry season, it perishes as soon as the first rains
begin. *
Root long, slender, somewhatramous, annual, external- ‘
ly of a pale yellowish brown colour. Stem erect, ramous, —
Aponogeton, ‘HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA. 209
furrowed, otherwise smooth; from one to three feet high.
Leaves alternate, all petioled, lanceolate ; the superior or
floral leaves linear, and very smooth ; all are entire, wav-
ed and smooth, from one to twelve inches long. Petioles
with a trifling membranaceous vagina at the base; _verti-
cels numerous, approximate, consisting of numerous,
drooping, pedicelled flowers. Calyx; leaflets linear,
small. Corol, valvelets ovate-lanceolate, callous grained
on the outside; at the flowering time they are entire, and
as the seed advances to maturity become toothed on the
sides, by which time the grains are very large, oblong-
ovate, and with a granulous surface. Style short, fili-
form. Stigmas pencil-shaped,
Observation.
This differs from R. acutus of Europe in being annual,
and I think it may be a different species. I must however
leave it to those to point out wherein they differ, who have
an opportunity of doing so with the living plants before
them. Every part thereof possesses a considerable de-
gree of astringency and bitterness, without any thing like
acidity,
2. R. vesicarius. Willd, 2. 256.
Flowers hermaphrodite, geminate; all the valves very
large, membranaceous, reflexed. Leaves undivided.
Sans. Shutavedhee.
Beng. Chooka-palung.
Arab. Humarbostanee.
Pers. Toorshumuk.
Found cultivated in gardens all over Asia, and Gaod by
the natives in their food, as well as medicinally.
APONOGETON. Schreb. gen. n. ae
_ Calyx, or corol two-leaved. Capsules three or four,
superior, each containing two, or more seeds. _
Aa
210 HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA, Aponogeton,
1. A. monostachyon. Willd. 2. 917. Corom. pl. 1. N. 81.
Spike single, simple. Leaves linear, with cordate base.
~ Capsules smooth, with about six seeds in each.
Parua-kelanga. Rheed. Mal. 11, ¢. 15,
Sans. Kakangi.
Hind. Ghechoo.
- Nama is the Telinga name of the plant, and nama-
- dumpa of the root.
Saururus natans. Mant. 227. GGe*
It is a native of shallow, standing, sweet water; and
appears, and flowers during the rains.
Root tuberous, perennial. Leaves radical, ong: peti-
oled, linear-oblong, at the base cordate, pointed, entire, —
smooth, from three to five-nerved, from three to six inch-
es long, and about one broad. Scapes as long as the
leaves, a little striated, perforated by many pores length-
ways. Spikes elegantly bent this way and that, closely
surrounded with flowers. Calyx, orcorol, which you may
please, two wedge-shaped, concave leaflets, or petals, in-
serted at the base of the two fissures, between the inferior
and two superior germs, permanent, Filaments always
six, shorter than the bractes, withering. Anthers blue.
Germs constantly three, surrounded by the permanent
. stamens. Capsules three, pointed, with the remaining
style, smooth, one-celled, from four to eight seeded, Seeds
oblong, inserted into the base of the capsule,
The natives are fond of the roots, which a are nearly as
good as potatoes.
I have removed this genus from the fourth order of
_the seventh class, to the third order of the sixth, as all
‘my four Indian species are uniformly hexandrous, and
for the most part with three germs.
2. A. ¢hinatum. R.
Spike single, and simple. | Leaves linear, with ise
base. Capsules echinate. — about six, ces,
Aponogeton. HEXANDRIA. TRIGYNIA. 211
Found, with the former species growing in shallow ©
fresh water all over the Circars,
3. A. undulatum. R. Said a
Stoloniferous. Spikes meaples Leaves lanceolate,
waved.
A native of Bengal, and like A. monostachyon, grows
in standing sweet water. It flowers during the rains.
Root tuberous, perennial, stole-bearing and edible.
- Leaves radical, petioled, generally under, or floating on
the water, lanceolate, waved, from ‘three to five-nerved,
with numerous, small, expanding yeins, from four to six
inches long, and Jess than one broad, Petioles compress-
ed, shorter than the leaves, __ Scapes round, smooth, the
length various, according to the depth of the water,
thickening as it ascends. Spikes simple, crowded with
flowers. Bractes and stamens as iti A. monostachyon.
Germs three, sometimes four, but this does not affect the
number of stamens ; in all the flowers I examined, they
are invariably six. Capsules smooth. Seed generally one
or two, oblong. :
4.A. microphyllum. R.
- Root tuberous. Spike single, simple: Leaves radical,
cylindric, many times shorter than the spike. Capsules |
with one or two seeds,
A native of damp places near the Bhotan’ mountains,
Flowering time, the rainy season.
Root tuberous, and esculent. Leaves radical, ett
about three, four, or five to the scape, spreading close:
on the surface of the earth, sub-semicylimdric, their mar-
gins being incurved ; about one inch long, and one-eighth’
ofaninch broad. Scape erect, round, smooth, three or four
times longer than the leaves. Spathe caducous. _ Spike
terminal, suberect, every where covered with beautifal:
blue colounps flowers. Calyx ( bractes or coroly tele Wes
Aa2 eae
212 HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA. Andersonia,.
ed ; leaflets wedge-shaped, expanding. Stamens uniform-
ly six. Germsthree. Capsules with one, or two round
seeds in each,
ANDERSONIA. R.
Calyx three-five-parted. Corol petalled. Nectary |
globular, with the sessile anthers aflixed to its inside.
Germ superior, three-celled ; cells two-seeded; attachment
interior. Capsules three-celled, three-valved. Seeds so- |
litary, arilled. Embryo inverse, without perisperm.
1t was named in memory of the late Dr, James Ander-
son, Physician at Madras. It differs from Cupania in
having a three-petalled corol, and globular antheriferous
nectary; and from Guarea and Persoonia in the calyx
and pericarpium.
1. A. cucullata. R.
Polygamous, Leaves unequally pinnate; leaflets op-
posite, from two to four pair, obtuse. Hermaphrodite
peduncles axillary, few flowered, male panicled.
Beng. Umut.
A tree of considerable size, but of very slow growth, &
native of the Delta of the Ganges. Flowering time, the
latter part ofthe rainy season, and the beginning of the
“ cold season.
Trunk in young trees straight, with few branches ; the
bark ash-coloured, and smooth ; young shoots also smooth.
Leaves alternate, unequally pinnate, from six to eighteen
inches long. Leaflets opposite, two, three, or four pair,
short-petiolated, obliquely ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, un-
equally divided by the nerve, polished on both sides,
and of a firm texture ; margins entire, from three to six
inches long. The terminal leaflet is often cowled at the
base, hence the specific name. Petioles nearly round,
and pretty. smooth. Stipules none.
MALE tree. Panicles axillary, solitary, ions about 7
Andersonia. HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA, 213
as long as the leaves ; ramifications numerous, diverging.
Flowers numerous, small, yellow. Bractes a small ob-
scure scale, under each division of the panicle, and two
pressing the calyx laterally. Calyx small, one-leaved,
three-toothed. The two bractes, while they remain, make
it appear five-parted. Petals three, oval, concave, press-
ed to the nectary. Nectary round, turbinate, with a con-
tracted triangular opening on the apex. Filaments none.
Anthers from six to eight, sessile, round the inside of the
nectary, apparently abortive. Germ none, but a clavate
gland in its place.
HERMAPHRODITE tree. Peduncles axtibainys solita-
ry from three to six-flowered. Flowers longer than the
male, in other respects the same. Calyx, corol, and nec-
tary as in the male, Anthers always six. «Germ supe-
rior, three-sided, ovate, covered with minute, stellate
scales, three-celled, with two ‘vertically placed ovula in
each, attached to the middle of the axis, Style none.
Stigma large, three-lobed; lobes somewhat two-lobed.
Capsule nearly round, as large as a middling sized apple,
three-lobed, three-celled, three-valved. Cortex thick,
firm, and ofa tough, fleshy texture. Seeds solitary, ofa -
roundish trigonal shape, three-fourths covered with a
fleshy bright orange-coloured aril, Integument under the
arilsmooth, and of a chesnut colour. -Perisperm none.
Embryo inverse. Cotyledons conform to the seed. Plu-
mula two-lobed. Radicle semilunar, superior. —
2. A. Rohituka. R.
Polygamous. Leaves unequally pinnate ; leaflets six-
Paired, obliquely oblong, entire, smooth, opposite. In-
florescence axillary, the fertile flowers spiked, the abor-
tive ones panicled.
“Sans. Rohituka.
Beng. TVikta-raj.
- Hind, Harrin-hara, or khana.
214 HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA> — Andersonia,
These synonyms refer chiefly to the shies hermaphro-
dite, or fertile tree.
A small tree, a native of Bengal. Flowering time the
rainy season.
Trunk pretty straight, caieee seith smooth, ashiole
loured bark. Branches not very numerous, but spreading
and drooping much; and. so densely decorated with
leaves, as to yield.themost complete shade. Leaves al-
ternate, unequally pinnate, from. one, to two feet long.
Leaflets from four, to,eight pair, opposite, short-petioled, _
oblong, and linear-oblong, somewhat falcate, entire, ob-
tusely cuspidate, smooth on both sides; the most exte-_
rior are about;six inches long, while the lower pair is
scarcely half the length, Petioles nearly round, and very
slightly villous. Stipules none. “4
MAte tree. Panicles axillary, or rather a little above,
shorter than the leaves, composed of numerous, simple,
diverging, somewhat drooping ramifications. Flowers nu-
merous, subsessile, small, white, inodorous. Bractes mi-
nute, scales under the divisions of the panicle, and ca-
lyx. Calyx one-leaved, thick, firm and fleshy. Border di-
videdinto five nearly equal, imbricate, reniform segments.
Petals three, oval, concave. Nectary globular, pure
white, fleshy, smooth, with a roundish triangular open-
ing on the apex, Filaments none. Anthers six, theit
back attached to the inside of the nectary. Germ abor-
tive. Ee
HERMAPHRODITE tree. Spikes axillary,solitary, pedua-
cled, erect, generally simple, rather more than half the
length of the leaves. Flowers sessile, numerous, small,
cream-coloured. Bractes, a very minute one below each
flower. Calyx five-leaved. Leaflets orbicular, unequal,
leathery, concave, smooth on both sides. Petals three,
roundish, concave, much longer than the calyx. Nee-
tary globular, fleshy, perforated at the apex, occupying
Damasonium. HEXANDRIA HEXAGY¥NIA. 215
the whole centre of the corol ;inclosing the stamens, and
pistil. Filaments none, or very short. Anthers six, li-
near, pointed, joined to the inside of the nectary, with
their apices just appearing at its perforation, which
makes the nectary look as if its mouth was six-toothed. »
Germ three-celled, with two ovula in each, attached to the
middle of the axis. Style scarcely any. Stigma three-lob-
ed; lobes emarginate. Capsule round, about aninch and
a quarter in diameter, smooth, pale yellow, rather soft
and fleshy, three-celled, three-valved, opening from the
apex. Seeds solitary, oblong, enclosed in a complete,
thick, fleshy, scarlet aril, which is attached length-ways
to the three-partible mouth of the capsule, and this again
to a light coloured mark on the inner edge of the seed, and
round its apex. Integuments two ; exterior the colour, po-
lish, and consistence of the chesnut; the inner one lighter
coloured, thin and firmly attached to the cotyledons. Pe-
risperm none. Embryo inverse, minute, until vegetation
has taken place, Cotyledons conform to the seed, and
sofirmly and completely united, as to seem one, until
the two-lobed plumula, and superior radicle, are consider-
ably advanced.
From the seeds of this species, the natives, where the
trees grow plentifully, extract an oil, which they use for
various economical purposes.
HEXANDRIA HEXAGYNIA.
DAMASONIUM. Schreb. gen. n. 624.
Spathe superior. Perianth superior, three-leaved. Corol
three-petalled. Germ lanceolate, from six to twelve-cell-
ed ; cells many-seeded ; attachment septal. Styles equal-
ling i in number the cells of the germ, Capsule one-celled,
Six-valved, Seeds numerous. Embryo minute ; direction
Various ; perisperm ample,
216 HEXANDRIA HEXAGYNIA. Damasonium.
1. D. indicum. Willd. 2. 276. Corom. pl. 2. N. 185.
Ottel-ambel. Rheed. Mal. 11. ¢. 46.
Beng. Parmi-kulla.
Teling. Neer-venekee.
An annual plant, a native of sweet water, Flowering
’ time the rainy season.
Root fibrous, Leaves radical, petioled, from oblong-cor-
date to broad-cordate, waved, from seven to eleven-
nerved, smooth, of a thin membranaceous texture ; size
very various, say six inches each way; they generally
grow under the water. Petioles three-sided, length va-
rious. Peduncles radical, with the petioles, of suffi-
cient length to raise the flower above the surface of the
water, from four to five-sided, smooth, one-flowered.
Calyx, spathe, superior, one-leaved, from five to six-
winged ; wings membranaceous, waved ; mouth five or
six-toothed. Perianth superior, three-leaved ; leaflets
lanceolate, three-nerved. Corol three-petalled, Nectary
three small, obcordate scales within the insertion of the
petals. Filaments from six to twelve, erect. Anthers
linear, erect. Germ within the belly ofthe spathe and in-
ferior to the perianth, from six to twelve-celled, each con-
taining numerous ovula attached to the partitions, as in
Nymphea. Styles from six to twelve, half two-cleft. Stig-
mas acute. Capsule oblong, crowned with the withered
perianth, six-grooved ; one-celled, six-valved. Seeds nu-
merous, affixed to six sharp keels, (parietal receptacles,)
running on the inside of the sutures of the six valves.
% k
CLASS VII.
HEPTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
PISONIA. Schreb. gen. n. 1603.
Calyx campanulate, five-toothed. Corol none. Seed
solitary, involved in the enlarged, bacciform calyx. Eni-
bryo erect, a embracing a central perisperm.
1.P. aculeata, Willd. 2. 283. Geert. Sem. 1. 367. t. 76.
~ Dioecous, shrubby, scandent. Thorns axillary, recurv-
ed. Leaves oblong. Panicles axillary. |
Beng. Baghachura.
“<— Tam, Karu-indu.
~Tragularia horrida, of Konig. M. S. 8.
~-Teling. Kunki-pootri,
_ A very common, strong, large, straggling shrub.
- Trunk scarcely to be distingaished. Bark smooth,
dark-olive-coloured. ranches numerous, nearly oppo-
_ Site, decussate, horizontal, extending far; young parts
downy. Thorns axillary, solitary, recurved, very sharp,
and strong. Leaves sub-opposite, petioled, oval, obtuse.
a little downy. Flowers collected on smail, rigid, ter-
minal, and axillary panicles.
Main. Calyx, bell-shaped, five-toothed, five-angled,
Somewhat scabrous. Corol none. Filaments seven
Sreight, twice the length of the calyx, inserted into a
leshy receptacle, which surrounds the base of the abor- Se a:
tive germ. Anthers eae: Germ lancetlales be
; | Bh pe
218 HEPTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Jonesia.
Femaue. Calyx asin the male. Corol none. Stamens
none, Germ superior, conical. Style longer than the
calyx. Stigmaheaded, Pericarp none, the calyx now
enlarged, and contracted at the mouths serves for one,
It is five-sided, each angle being armed with two or three
_rows of conical, headed, very glutinous glands. Seeds
one, nearly cylindric, &c. as described by Geertner. |
It makes most excellent,impenetrable fences, and when
fairly caught in its trammels, it is no easy matter to be
extricated, the prickles being so numerous, strong, crook-
‘ed, and sharp. Both Konig and myself were so situated a-
mongst the Vandalore hills near Madras, and hence be
named it T. horrida, not at that time suspecting it tale :
Pisonia aculeata.
Plants received from the West Indies into the Botamie ‘
carden at Calcutta, do not in any respect differ from our
Fast Indian one, which grows common in forests, hedges,
&e. Hi
J ONESTA. R.
Calyx two-leaved. Corol infundibuliform, the tabe
fleshy and closed, border four-parted. Nectary, a stami- —
-niferous and pistiliferous ring crowning the mouth of the
tube. Germ pedicelled. Legume turgid, from four to eg
seeded.
J. asoca, R. in Asiat. Res. 4, 355. Y
Leafleis five pair, lanceolate. Flowers heptandrous.
Jonesia pinnata. Willd. 2. 287. f
Asoca. Asiat. Res. 3. 254, and 4. 274.
Asjogam. Rheed. Mal. 5. p. 117. tab. 59.
Beng. Usok. o
Found in gardens about Calcutta, where it grows to
be a very handsome, middling sized, ramous tree; flowet-
ing time the beginning of the hot season; the seeds hao 2
during the rains,
Jonesia. HEPTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. “, SiS
The plants and seeds were probably brought originally
from the eastern frontier of Bengal, where it is indigenous.
Trunk erect, though not very straight. Bark dark brown,
pretty smooth. Branches numerous,speading in every direc-
tion, so as to forma most elegant, large shady head. Leaves
alternate, abruptly pinnate, sessile, generally more than a_
foot long ; when young, pendulous, and coloured. Leaflets
opposite, from four to six-pair, the lower pairs broad-lan-
ceolate ; the superior lanceolate ; all are smooth, shining,
and of a firm texture, with their margins a little waved.
Common petioles, round, smooth, Stipules axillary, solita-
ry, in fact a process from the base of the common petiole,
as‘in many ofthe grasses. Cymes terminal and axillary,
between the stipule and branchlets, nearly globular, large,
and crowded with flowers. Bractesa small, cordate, one
under each division, and subdivision of the cyme. Pedun-
cles, and pedicels smooth, and reddish-coloured. Flowers
numercus, pretty large ; when they first expand, they are
ofa beautiful orange colour, gradually changing to red,
forming a variety of beautiful shades, fragrant during
the night. Calyx two-leaved ; leaflets nearly opposite,
coloured, cordate, bracte-like, marking the termination of
the pedicel, or the beginning of the tube of the corol. Co-
rol one-petalled, funnel-formed. Tube slightly incurved,
firm, and fleshy, tapering towards the base, and imper-
vious. Border four-parted ; divisions spreading, sub-
orbicular, one-third the length of the tube ; margin
slightly woolly. Nectary, a staminiferous, and pistilifer-
ous, crenulated ring crowning the mouth of the tube.
Filaments generally seven, and seven must, I think, be
the natural number ; viz. three on each side, and one be-
low; above a vacancy, as if the placeof an eight filament,
.ecupied on its inside by the pedicel of the germ ; the fila-
ments are equal, distinct, ascending, and about three,
or four times longer than the border of ~ ry are ‘An-
Bb2 ets
220 HEPTANDRIA MONOGYNIA., Jonesia..
thers reniform, small, incumbent. Germ oblong, pedi-
celled ; pedicel inserted into the inside of the nectary,
immediately below the vacant space already mentioned,
one-celled, from eight to twelve-seeded, attached to the
upper margin of the cell. Sty/e nearly as long as the
stamens, declining. Stigma simple. Legume scimi-
tar-shaped, turgid, on the outside reticulated, otherwise
pretty smooth, from six to ten inches long, and about
two broad. Seeds generally from four to eight, smooth,
gray, the size of a large chesnut.
Note. Many of the flowers have only the rudiment A |
of a pistilium. .
When this tree is in full blossom, I do not think the ;
whole vegetable kingdom, affords a more beautiful object. ae:
2. J. scandens. R. es
Shrubby scandent, or twining. Leaflets two or three
pairs. |
A native of Sumatra, and has been received into the - :
Botanic garden at Calcutta, but has not yet ploddomieee ao
there. Sir William Jones, whose name this genus bears,
mentions (Asiat. Res. 4. 275.) a twining species, to
which Jayadeva gave the epithet voluble which : is pro-
bably a fourth species, if not this. ;
3. J. triandra. R.
Leaflets two pair, oval. Flowers triandrous.
_A native of the Malay Archipelago.
CLASS VIII.
OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
acd
XANTHOPHYLLUM. R.
Calyx five-leaved. Corol five-petalled, sub-papiliona-
ceous. Germ superior, one-celled, few-seeded, attached to
two opposite parietal receptacles. Berry one- -seeded.
Enbryo transyerse, without perisperm.
“1, X. virens. R.
Panicles interfoliaceous and terminal. Germ four-seed-
ed. :
Beng. Gundee. 95
A large timber tree, a native of the thick forests of
Silhet, where it blossoms int March and the seed ripens in.
June and J uly. The wood is said to be oe hard:
and useful to the natives.
Branches and branchlets very numerous, and hen
Crowded, smooth. Leaves alternate, short-petioled, from
oblong to lanceolar, entire, of a firm texture, and polish-
ed;. about six inches long, and from one and a half to
‘wo and half broad, Stipules none. Panicles terminal,
and between the leaves, internodal, very numerous
and pretty much crowded with flowers ; in general they
are ‘Shorter than the leaves, and every part is sr
rs humerous, rather small, colour a mixture of y oe a = =
222 OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Xanthophyllum.
low and pink, generally solitary, pretty long-pedicelled.
Bractes tern, at the base of each solitary pedicel, small,
ensiform, villous, caducous. Calyx five-leaved, rather un-
equal, the lower two, and the superior one being smaller.
Petals five, the superior and lateral four nearly equal,
sub-spatulate, falcate ; the upper two from what may
be called the vexillum; the fifth or lower, (carina,) boat-
shaped, unguiculate, and pink-coloured. Filaments
eight, incurved, nearly equal, shorter than the corol, and
hairy; four of them inserted on the claws of the upper
four petals, two on the claw of the lower, viz. the cari-
na, and the remaining two into the receptacle, be-
tween the two petals which form the vexillum and
the two wings. Anthers oval, Germ superior, short-
pedicelled, the insertion of which is embraced bya
seven-angled, nectarial cup, round, ribbed, a little hairy,
one-celled, containing four ovula, attached two and
two to two opposite sub-parietal receptacles, near the
base of the cell. Style the length of the stamina, toward
the apex incurved. Stigma slightly two-lobed. Berry
globular, short-pedicelled, of a firm fleshy texture, when ,
ripe, olive-coloured, and about the size of a pigeon’s egg;
one-celled. Seed solitary, nearly round; attachment
lateral. Integument single, rather thick ana brownish. —
Perisperm none. Embryo. transverse, green, Cotyle-
dons two, conform to the seed, equal. Radiele lateral,
truncate, lodged immediately within the umbilicus of
the seed, and pointing toit. 2
2. X. flavescens. R.
Panicles axillary and terminal, _ SGerms from eight to
ten-seeded. Two glands on the back of the leaves 1 non.
the base.
Beng. Ajensak, |
A large tree, a native of the hilly parts of the province
wf Chittagong, where it blossoms in May, and is so mr
Osbeckia. OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 293
ry much like the former species, virens, that I was for
some time inclined to consider them only varieties of one
species, but attentive examinations made at various
times, give me reason to think they are sufficiently dis-
tinct. In the former, virens, the leaves continue green
when dry, and are destitute of the two small, hollow
glands on the base of the lower pair of veins, one on each
of the lower ends of the rib, or nerve, which particular-
ly mark flavescens. The panicles except those that ter-
minate the twigs, are in this perfectly axillary ; in that far
above the axills, and their insertions accompanied by two
or three, vertically situated knobs or buds, as in some
species of Capparis, &c. There the germ has never more
than four ovula, inserted by pairs on opposite sides near
the bottom of the cell; here are from eight to twelve
ovula in the germ, inserted on opposite sides of the cell,
from the base to near the top. There the stigma is large
and more or less two-lobed; here’simple, In other res-
pects they agree so well, that it seems unnecessary to
figure more of flavescens, than the back of the base of one
leaf, to shew the two glands.
OSBECKIA. Schreb. gen. n. 635.
Calyx from four to five-cleft; lobes separated with
afringed scale. Corol from four to five-petalled. An-.
thers beaked, Capsule four-celled, girt with the tube
of the calyx.
1.0. zeylanica. Willd, 2. 300.
Annual, bristly. Leaves petioled, oblong, bristly.
Flowers axillary, and terminal.
_ Anative of Ceylon. |
_ Stem annual, erect, four-sided, the ainies armed with
‘rect bristles. Branches opposite, stem-like ; whole height
about one foot. Leaves opposite, short-petioled, oblong;
entire, fringed, bristly on both ninhnne Flowers # sillary, —
224 OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Osbeckia,
and terminal; those of the axils solitary, and short-pe-
duncled ; the terminal from one to five, or seven toge-
ther, and still shorter peduncled, a large, beautiful bright
blue-purple. Bracies fringed, Calyx bristly ; interme-
‘diate scales»consisting of a pedicelled star of bristles
each. ;
2. O. chinensis. Willd, 2. 360.
Annual, erect, four-seeded, scabrous. Leaves sessile,
lanceolate, three-nerved. . Flowers terminal, subsessile,
four smaller divisions of the calyx fringed.
Found in Cuttack, on dry rice fields, in flower during
the cold season. ; Gees a ,
3. O. tetrandra. R. ae
Shrubby, scandent. Leaves opposite, three-nerved. e
Panicle terminal. Flowers tetrandrous. g8
A large, climbing’ shrub, a native of Pulo Pinang ae
Tendrils few, scattered, solitary, undivided. Pie
Leaves opposite, short-petioled, three-nerved, cordate ae
oblong, entire, smooth on both sides; a marginal vein
runs round the leaves, which gives (her the appearance —
of being five-nerved. Petioles short, bristly on the up-
per side. Panicles terminal, cross-armed, conical; dé
visions thereof trichotomous, Calyx one-leaved. Tube
gibbous, permanent. Border four-parted, deciduous. —
Petals four, alternate with the stamens, long-clawed, -cres-
cent-shaped, fringed, each having a long spur projecting
downward from the inside. Filaments four, inserted into
the calyx. Anthers erect ; before expansion their points —
are lodged in four deep pits, between the calyx and germ,
with long perforated beaks and two small scales at the —
base of each on the inside. Germ hidden within the calyx:
Style awled.. Stigma simple. Capsules roundish, crowned
with the entire tube of the calyx, four-celled ; cells 0j
ingat top. Seeds Mog numerous. Receptacle semiluna zi
Combretum. OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 225
Observation.
This plant appears to me to be nearly allied to Osbec-
kia, however the want of the intermediate small scales of
the calyx, and their being only four stamens, are I think
sufficient motives for doubt. Compare with Melastoma,
also with Rhexia.
New genus (Blank.)
Calyx entire. Corvol four-petalled, insertod on the
calyx. Capsule inferior, four-celled; receptacles parie-
tal. Seeds numerous.
Leaves opposite, short-petioled, ovate-oblong, entire,
pointed, three-nerved, smooth on both sides. Corymbs
terminal, and axillary, much shorter than the leaves,
crowded, decompound, Flowers numerous, small. Brac-
tes minute. Calyx entire. Petals four, contorted, ovate-
cordate, subsessile, expanding, inserted in the mouth of
the calyx. Filaments eight, the length of the petals, insert-
ed into the calyx under the petals, points incurved and
fine. Anthers crescent-shaped, with a double pollenifer-
0us groove on the inside, Germ inferior, roundish, small.
Style the length of the stamens. Stigma clavate. Capsule
four-celled, four-valved, crowned with the remaining
calyx. Seeds numerous, aflixed to four, callous, vertical
parietal receptacles, as in Vallisneria, &c.
| COMBRETUM. Schreb. gen. n. 6Al.
_ Calyx superior, from four to five-toothed. Corol from
four to five-petalled, inserted with the stamina into the
mouth of the calyx. Germ one-celled; ovula from two
to four; attachment superior. Seeds solitary, from four
& > five-winged, orlobed. Embryo inverse, be rer pee
226 OCTANDRIA MON®GYNIA, Combretum,
1. C. ovalifolium. R.
Scandent. Leaves opposite, oval, smooth, obtuse.
Spikes axillary and terminal, the latter compound. Ca-
lyx subrotate. Petals elliptic. :
_ Anative of Coromandel. Flowering time in the Bo-
tanic Garden at Calcutta March and April. The seeds
ripen during the rainy season.
Stem stout, and ligneous, soon dividing into numerous,
woody, scandent branches and branchlets of great ex-
tent. Bark of the old parts rough, and brown; of the
young shoots smooth. Leaves opposite, short-petioled,
oval, entire, obtuse, smooth on both sides ; from four to
six inches long, and two to three broad. Stipules none.
Spikes terminal and axillary ; the former compound, hay-
ing two, or three pairs of opposite, expanding branch-
es, and may be called a panicle. Bractes minute,
subulate, one-flowered. Flowers small, yellowish white,
sessile. Calyx without a tube, concave within, and there ~
the rim is surrounded with a large, orange-coloured, —
hairy ring ; border four-parted ; segments three, angular,
reflexed. Petals elliptic, obtuse, longer than the seg-
ments of the calyx, smooth, white. Filaments longet
than the petals, incurved, alternately somewhat shorter. -
Germ inferior, oblong, one-celled, containing two ovu-
la, attached to the top of the cell. Style shorter than
the stamina. Stigma simple. Seed narrow-lanceolat,
four-winged ; wings semilunar, smooth, membranace-_
ous. Integuments two; interior thin, and brown. —
Perisperm none. Embryo inverse. Cotyledons intti- —
cately folded into the four lobes of the seed, when ex-
‘panded two-lobed, as in most of the Convolvulacea. Rar
dicle supetior.
2, Cc. rolubilifitiats R. Fe
Scandent. Leaves opposite, petioled, ously oun
smooth, entire. Racemes axillary, solitary, cylindr
Combretum. -OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 227
dense. Flowers pedicelled ; calyx narrow-campanulate ;
petals obcordate.
Cou-luta the vernacular name in Silhet, where it is in-
digenous. Flowering in January and February.
Stem and branches scandent ; the young shocts often
twining. Leaves opposite, or nearly so, petioled, sub-
rotund, entire, smooth ; from three to five inches long,
and nearly as broad. Petioles about an inch long. Ra-
cemes axillary, solitary, long-peduncled, short, cylin-
dric, crowded with numerous, small, straw-coloured,
pedicelled flowers. Bractes subulate, one-flowered,
caducous. Calyx narrow-campanulate, four-toothed.
Petals four, obcordate, and about as long as the teeth
ofthe calyx. Filaments eight, long and slender, just
under the insertion of each is a hairy gland. Germ lan-
ceolar, four-sided, one-celled, containing two ovula at-
tached to the top of the cell.
3. C. costatum. R,
Scandent. Leaves opposite, oblong, smooth, veins
Single and parallel. Spikes axillary, single, or paired ;
calyx cup-shaped ; petals lanceolar, minute.
Tali jooniar the vernacular name in Silhet, where it is
agi and like the other East India species, a large,
Scandent shrub. Flowering time March and April. __
_ Branchlets opposite, or dichotomous, round, and
smooth. Leaves opposite short-petioled, oblong, taper-
Pointed, entire, smooth on both sides ; veins simple and
parallel ; about six inches long, and three broad. Sti-
pules none, Spikes axillary, and terminal, single, or in
-Pairs, subsessile, from one to two inches long. Flowers
numerous, scattered, small, dull yellow. Bractes mi-
_ ‘Rute, one on the under side of each germ. Calyx cup- -
Shaped, obscurely four-toothed, pretty smooth and eyen
a on both sides, < Petals fows, very small, lanceolar, :
Cc2Z
298 OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Combretum.
laments eight, smooth, many times longer than the calyx,
and inserted into it. Anthers two-lobed. Germ inferior,
one-celled, containing two, three, or four ovula, attached
to the top of the cell. Style nearly as long as the stami-
na. Stigma acute.
4. C. acuminatum. R.
Scandent. Leaves opposite, and alternate, subsessile,
ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, with a cordate base. Spikes — q
axillary, and terminal. Calyx campanulate, a very be
belt within. Petals subrotund.
Patjooni, the vernacular name in Silhet, where it is"
found wild in the forests, running over trees, &c. to a
great extent. Flowers in March and April; seed ripe in
July. ; |
Young shoots downy. Leaves subopposite, and alter-
nate, subsessile, from oblong to ovate-lanceolate, entire;
base cordate; apex alternate and acute; upper surface
pretty smooth, villous underneath ; from four to six inches —
long, and from one to three broad. Spikes axillary and
terminal, peduncled, shorter than the leaves, villous.
Flowers numerous, sessile, small, yellow. Calyx cam-
panulate ; mouth acutely four-toothed, round the inside
just below the insertion of the filaments, is a very hairy,
membranaceous ring, with the lower hairs thereof point-
ing down, while those above point up through the mouth
of the tube, and are straw-coloured. This hairy valve,
or membrane, will immediately point out this species. *
Petals four, round-oval, yellow. Stamina eight. Germ
ovate, one-celled, containing three or four ovula, at-
tached to the top of the cell. | Style length of the stami-
na. Stigma simple. Seed oblong, four-cornered, the four —
sides grooved; angles thick and rounded, smooth, dark ;
brown and dry. Integuments two, no perisperm. Embryo
inverse, with the large cotyledons most intricately folded —
Combretum. OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 229
as in the Convolvulacee, and not expanding, or rising
above ground during vegetation,
5. C. extensum. R.
Shrubby, climbing and twining to a great extent.
Leaves opposite, oblong, smooth, entire. Spikes lateral,
often compound, short-peduncled, ovate. Calyx infun-
dibuliform, smooth ; divisions acute, Petals truncated.
A most extensive, stout, woody, twining, and climb-
, ing plant, with smooth brown bark ; a native of the Ma-
lay Islands. From Amboyna it has been introduced in-
to the Botanic Garden at Calcutta, where it blossoms in
January and February ; seed ripe in April. ;
Leaves opposite, short-petioled, oblong, entire, firm and
polished, about six inches long, and about three broad.
Spikes lateral, and axillary; the first from the former
years branches, below the leaves, short-peduncled, often
compound much shorter than the leaves, ovate, and
Closely covered with diverging, small, pale greenish
white flowers, becoming reddish by age. Bractes most
Ininute, one-flowered. Calyx funnel-shaped ; border of
- four, triangular, recurved, acute, divisions. Petals four,
not half the length of the divisions of the calyx, ovate.
truncate, but as the edges become revolute, they then
appear acute. Filaments eight, inserted into the mouth
of the calyx, and longer than the divisions of its border,
Anthers roundish, orange-coloured, Germ inferior, li-
near-oblong, one-celled, containing two, three, or four
* Seeds attached to the top of thecell. Style so long as
to elevate the stigma even with the anthers. Seed al-
ways single, and with Geertner, I consider the exterior
integument thereof all there is for a seed vessel, which is
of a lanceolateshape, with four grooves on the four sides,
and the four angles extended into four, large, scariose,
Semilunar wings. Inner integument more spongy and —
©ntering into the four angular grooves formed by the a
230 OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Combretum,
ings of the lobes. Perisperm none. Embryo inverse,
Cotyledons two, oval, three-nerved, emarginate, plaited
into each other. Plumula minute. Radicle clavate,
superior, pointing directly to the convoluted cord, which
attaches the inner integument to the outer, under the
style.
6. C. chinensis. R.
Subarboreous, scandent. Leaves opposite, and tern,
oblong, smooth. Spikes axillary, shorter than the leaves.
Tube of the calyx clavate, mouth shut with hairs.
A very large, spreading, ramous, scandent plant, in the
Botanic Garden at Calcutta ; originally from China,
Flowering time in Bengal the beginning of the cold
_season. Y
Trunk scarcely any, but numerous branches, spreading _ :
in every direction and climbing when supported, to the
extent of somefathoms. Bark dark brown ; and pretty
smooth. Leaves opposite, and tern, petioled, drooping,
entire, oblong, polished on both sides ; about four inches
long, and two broad. Spikes axillary, solitary, simple,
erect, subcylindric, compact, scarcely half the length of
the leaves, bearing sessile flowers on all sides, _Bractes
subulate, recurved. Calyx. Tube, clavate ; mouth shut
with hairs ; border of four, acute segments. Petals obo-— e
vate, acuminate, twice longer than the segments of the
calyx, Stamens eight,a little longer than the petals.
Germ sessile. Style nearly equalling the Blanca
Seed with four large wings.
This is evidently different from C. secundum aid de-
candrum but to distinguish it-from laxum, requires that
attention be paid to the three-fold leaves ; the form and 2
length of the spikes, the size of the petals, sae the length
of the filaments. Vide Jacquin. a Amer. p, 103. 45.
Combretum. OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 231
7. C. macrophyllum, R.
Scandent, smooth. Leaves opposite, ovate. Racemes
axillary, subcylindric, dense and crowded. Calyx infun-
dibuliform. Segments acuminate. Petals oval.
A very extensive, powerful rambler, a native of Chit-
tagong, where it blossoms in December. It is readily
distinguished by the flowers being pedicelled, and while
_ in the bud acutely conical, also within is a hairy rim
round its mouth, below the eight stamina. The larger
leaves are about a foot long, and from six to eight inches
broad.
8. C. squamosum. R. |
_Scandent, all the tender parts covered with minute
scales, Leaves opposite short-petioled, oblong, entire,
acute. Panicles terminal, and.axillary. Petals lanceo-
lar. :
A native of the Malay Archipelago,
* 9. C. laxum. Willd. 2. 319.
Scandent, Leaves oval. Racemes lengthened, thin of
flowers and without bractes. Calyx woolly within.
Teling. Bandikota.
A native of the Northern Circars, but I doubt whether
itbe the same as the American species with the same
Specific name.
10. C. pilosum. R. sir
. Scandent. Leaves opposite, IBA 5 " Pies
cles uncommonly dense and hairy. Flowers hairy, decan-
drous. Petals lanceolar.
Beng. Jooni-ugur. -
A native of the Silhet district, and like the other Indian
Species, an extensive, very permanent, large scandent —
Species with the more slender branches twining. Bark oe
of the ligneous parts prety * smooth, dark DIRE hat of —
932 OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Combretum,
the younger shoots clothed with much ferruginous, soho
pubescense. :
Leaves opposite, subsessile, broad ovate-lanceolate,
entire, nearly smooth, as scarcely any thing more than the
nerve and veins on the underside are slightly pubescent;
six or eight inches long, and from one to three broad. Flo-
ral leaves small, broader in proportion, more pointed, and
somewhat coloured. Panicles terminal or short, with op-
posite, diverging, hairy branchlets, very large, crowded
‘with opposite, brachiate, compound racemes, and those
again crowded with opposite flowers, bractes, and small —
floral leaves ; every part densely clothed with mtuch fer-
ruginous hair. Flowers tawny, with ferruginous hairs,
short-pedicelled. Bractes linear-lanceolar, opposite, — |
one-flowered. Calyx superior, campanulate, five-tootb-
ed, both sides hairy. Petals five, lanceolar, much longer
than the segments of the calyx, outside clothed with
appressed fulvous hairs. Filaments ten, much longer
than the corol, five inserted immediately under the
petals, and five deep in the tube of the calyx. Germ
_ five-angled, hairy, one-celled, containing two ovula,
attached to the top of the cell, Style length of the sta-
mina. Stigma simple. Seed five-winged, villous. Integu-
ments two. The exterior is the soft, villous winged tunic;
the inner a thin dark brown membrane, adhering to the
cotyledons. Perisperm none, Embryo inverse. Cotyle
dons angularly-convolute, Radicle superior. ,
11. C. decandrum., Willd. 2.319. Corom. pl.1, N.59.
Shrubby, climbing. Leaves opposite, oblong, smooth,
floral leaves coloured, and villous. Spikes terminal, and
axillary ; flowers decandrous, Capsules five-winged. :
Teling. Arikota. y
Itis a large, climbing shrub, a native of forests and f
mountains, &c. Flowers during the cold season,
Stem woody, climbing. Leaves opposite, reflecte
Grislea. OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 233
short-petioled, oblong, acute, waved, smooth, about six
inches long, and three broad. Floral leaves small, colour-
ed, downy. Spikes numerous, terminal and axillary.
Bractes opposite, lanceolate, one-flowered. Calyx cam-
panulate, five-toothed. Corol five-petalled. vimmneetyt ten.
Seed five-winged.
12. C. purpureum. Willd. 2. 319. Vahl. Symb. 3.51.
Scandent. Leaves opposite, broad-lanceolate, glossy,
underneath purple. Spikes panicled, terminal, flowers
decandrous.
Cristaria coccinea. Sonnerat. it. 2. 247. t.140.
A native of the Mauritius, from thence introduced into.
the Botanic garden at Calcutta.
_ GRISLEA. Schreb. gen. n. 642.
Calyx from four to six-toothed. Corol from four to six-
petalled, inserted into the fissures of the calyx. Fila-
ments long, ascending. Capsule superior, two-celled.
Seeds numerous, “
G. tomentosa. Willd. 2. 321. Corom. pl, 1. N. 31.
Shrubby, Leaves opposite, stem-clasping. _Racemes
axillary. Petals minute ; stamina eleven, or twelve.
Lythrum fructicosum. sp. pl. 641.
Dhawry. Asiat. Res. 4. p. 42. .
Sans. Agnijwala, and Dhatree.
Teling. Seringir.
Beng. Dhau-phool.
pik very beautiful, flowering shrub, or small tree, a na-
tive of the hills and vallies through the northern Circars,
&c. &c. It flowers during the cold, and the beginning of
the hot season, and the seed ripens in the rains.
Stem and principal branches erect, smaller ascending. :
.
Bark rust-coloured ; twigs SoD : hemes opposite,
234 OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Roxburghia,
in a position between decussate and bifarious,stem-clasp-
ing, lanceolate, with cordate base, acute, above smooth,
whitish underneath. Racemes axillary and below the
leaves, over the leafless branchlets, often compound,
short, bearing from five to fifteen flowers. Flowers pret-_
ty Targe, red, ina great measure permanent, Calyx
red, twelve-toothed, the alternate ones very small, per-
manent, as is also the colour, Petals six, small, linear,
lanceolate. Filaments twice the length of the calyx, al-
ternately a little shorter, ascending, inserted into the
calyx near its base, and projecting along its under side.
Germ superior, two-celled. Style shorter than the sta-
mens. Stigma bifid. Capsule two-celled, two-valved,
covered with the coloured permanent calyx. Seeds most
numerous. Receptacles reniform, large.
Note. The bright red, permanent calyx, which retains
its colour till the seeds are ripe, gives to this shrub a ve-
ry gaudy appearance. :
ROXBURGHIA. Banks. Het
Calyx four-leaved. Corol four-petalled, their lowef
half carinated on the inside. Anthers sessile in the
grooves formed by the carinas of the petals. Germ su-
perior, one-celled, many-seeded ; attachment inferior. —
Capsule superior, one-celled, two-valved. Seeds i
each sitting on a spongy Leip eTeT |
R, gloriosoides. Willd. 2. 821. R. Corom. pl. 1. N. pa
Teling. Kanipoo-tiga.
Ubium Polypoides. Rumph. Amb. 5. p. 364. t. 129.
Compare with Stemona tuberosa. Lourier. Cochin Che
ee 40D:
This elegant pleats is a native of moist iti apart
mongst the Circar mountains. —. time e the byt
Roxburghia. OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. (235
Root perennial, compounded of many, smooth, cylindric,
fleshy tubers, of from six to twelve inches long, and from
three to five in circumference about the middle; they
taper equally towards each end. Stems perennial, or
more, twining, smooth, running over trees, &c. Branches
like the stem, round, smooth, and slender. Leaves sofme-
times alternate, sometimes opposite, petioled, nearly de-
pending, cordate, fine-pointed, entire, smooth, shining, in
Substance soft and delicate, generally eleven-nerved,
with beautiful very fine, transverse, veins running be-
‘tween the nerves ; from four to six inches long, and from
three to four broad. Petioles slightly channelled,
smooth ; one and a half and twoinches long. Pedunecles
axillary, single, erect, the length of the petioles, general-
ly two-ilowered. Pedicels clubbed, short. Bractes one,
lanceolate, at the base of the pedicells. Flowerslarge, and.
beautiful, but foetid. Calyx four-leaved ; leaflets lanceo-
late, membranaceous, striated, coloured, revolute, placed
immediately below the petals. Corol ; petals four, near-
ly erect, lanceolate, the lower half is rather broader than
the upper, and along its inside runs a deep, sharp,
slightly waved keel, which forms on each side of it, a
deep groove, or hollow; these four keels converge, and in
Some measure adhere together, which brings the side of
the petals close so as to resemble a tube ; the upper part
of the petals is narrow, first bending out a little, then
Converging at their points. Nectary composed of four, lan-
ceolate, yellow bodies, each sitting sessile on the apex
of the keel of the petals, converging into one conical
dome. Filaments none. Anthers eight, linear, lodged
in the grooves formed by the keel of the petals, adhering
their whole length, but their chief insertion is near the
base. Germ superior, cordate, compressed, one-celled ;
9vula many, attached to the bottom of the cell, Conta ty
Style none... Stigma pointed. Capsule ovate, com :
a e-celled, two-valved, opening from the spe
a | Da2
236 OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Mimusops.
about an inch anda half long, and one broad. Seeds odutes
_ from five to eight, inserted by pedicels into the bottom . a
of the capsule, cylindric, striated ; the pedicels are sur-
rounded with numerous, small, pellucid vesicles.
Note. This was one of the last plants Dr. Konig saw.
It was brought in when he was on his death bed ; he did
attempt to examine it, but was unable, the cold hand of
death hung over him; he desired I would describe it par.
ticularly, for he thought it was uncommonly curious,
new, and beautiful. This observation, from a worthy
friend, a preceptor, and predecessor, has made me more —
than usually minute in describing and drawing it.
MIMUSOPS. Schreb. gen. n. 644.
‘Calyx from six to eight-leaved, alternately smaller.
Corol one-petalled, segments many in a double series,
with alternate scales on the inside. Germ superior, from
six to eight-celled, cells one-seeded ; attachment interior.
Berry one or more seeded. Embryo erect, and fur ish at
ed with a weeneas
1. M. elengi. Willd. 2. 325. R. Corom. pl. 1. N. 4.
)
‘Leaves alternate, short-petioled, — pointed, * wave eo Ss
ed, smooth.
Bacula. Asiat. Res. 4. p- 273.
Elengi. Rheed. Mal. 1. t. 20.
Beng. Bokul.
Hind. Mulsari.
' Teling. Pagadoo.
The Kunki of the native Portuguese.
I have only once found this tree in its wild state. It rew aie:
on the mountains in ‘Rajamundree Circar, where it |
to be a middle-sized tree. = ‘account of its fragr nt
: y te ead na the gardens of he
flowers, it weit genel
Mimusops. | oOC'TANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 237
natives, as wellas in those of the Europeans in India.
It flowers chiefly during the hot season.
- Trunk erect, generally from eight to twelve feet to the
lowest branches, Bark pretty smooth. Branches exceed-
ingly numerous, spreading, with the extremities ascend-
ing so as to form a most elegant, globular thick head.
Leaves alternate, short-petioled, approximated, declined
or depending, waved, very firm, both sides of a deep shin-
img green; from three to four inches long and one or one
anda half broad. Stipules small, lanceolate, concave, rus-
ty, caducous. Peduncles axillary, from one to eight, short,
clubbed, bowing, undivided, one-flowered. Flowers mid-
dle-sized, drooping, white and fragrant. Calyx inferior,
eight-leaved, in a double series; leaflets lanceolate, the
four exterior ones leathery, larger, and permanent. Corol .
one-petalled. Tube very short, fleshy. Border ; it may be
divided into a double series of segments, and a single nec-
tary, or a single series of segments, and a double nectary;
the first method I shall follow. I therefore consider the
border to be composed of a double series of segments;
the exterior one consists of sixteen, spreading ; the interior
one of eight, generally contorted, and converging, all are
lanceolate, a little torn at their extremities. Nectary eight-
leaved, conical, ragged, hairy near the base, inserted al-
ternately with the filaments, into the mouth of the tube, _
converging. Filaments eight, short, hairy. Anthers linear,
sharp pointed, below two-parted, converging. Germ eight-
celled, with one ovula in each attached from their middle
to the lower end of the conic axis, The germ of Achras
Sapota is exactly the same, only from eight to ten-celled.
Berry oval, smooth, when ripe yellow, and edible, one or
more celled, according to the number of seeds that ripen,
which is generally one. Seed solitary, oblong, compress-
ed; attached to the bottom of the cell ; covered with a_
smooth, hard, ‘thick integument, lined with a veined |
. Perisperm conform to the seed, afte lo
238 OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Mimusops,
pointed at the base, the lobes uniting round the radicle;
above the. radicle they are often entirely divided by the
large cotyledons, which extend to, or rather through its
margins. Embryo erect. Cotyledons large, oval. Plu-
mula minute. Radicle inferior, linear-oblong.
.
2. M, Kanki. Willd, 2. 326, :
Leaves scattered, petioled, about the ends of sik :
branchlets, obovate-oblong, obtuse, hoary underneath. —
Fruit oval, drooping. . seit
Flowers hexandrous. au
Metrosideros macassarensis, Rumph. Amb. 3. t. 8° ii
Manil-kara. Rheed. Mal. 4, t. 25. visi
Malay. Booa-sow. *
Achras dissecta. Linn. Supp. 210. Forst. pl. escul.N.
13.
A native of the Malay Islands, Malabar, &c. It flowers
during the hot season ; the fruit is edible, and ree |
3. M. hexandra. Willa. 2. 326. cen. ol i Nb by
Leaves alternate, long-petioled, obovate, emarginate, |
smooth. Flowers hexandrous.
Tamul. Palle.
Teling. Palla. oe
This tree is a native of the mountainous parts of the Cir ao
;
Cars ; it is never cultivated, nor have I seen it near culti- oe
vated places. It flowers during the hot, and beginning g of ee
the wet season. pe ee
Trunk erect, frequently when old it has large rotten -
excavations. Bark ash-coloured. Branches numerous,
rigid, spreading, extremities nearly erect, forming a large
shady head. _ Leaves alternate, petioled, broad, wedge
formed, or obcordate, deeply emarginate, very hard, both
sides of a deep shining green; from three to five inches, oe
long, and one and a half, or two broad. Petioles roun
one, or one and a half inch long. Peduncles | axillary
Cyminosma. OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 239
from one to six, erect or spreading, nearly as long as the
petioles, clubbed, undivided, one-flowered. Flowers con-
siderably smaller than the former. Calyx inferior, six-
leaved, three interior and three exterior; these last men-
‘tioned three are leathery. Corol one-petalled. Tube very
short. Border like Elengi, consisting of two rows of seg-
ments, the exterior twelve, the interior six, all spreading.
Nectary situated between the filaments, as in the former,
but spreading, shorter and more deeply indented. Fila-
ment six, spreading. Anthers oval. Pistillumas in Elengi,
but six-celled. Berry the size and shape of an olive,
yellow, rarely more than one-seeded. Perisperm, embryo,
&e. as in Elengi.
CYMIN OSMA. Gert.
Calyx four-leaved. Coral four-petalled, Berry supe-
rior, four-celled. Seed solitary. Embryo inverse, and fur-
nished with a perisperm.
C. pedunculata. R.
Jambolifera pedunculata. Willd. 2, 326. Vahl. Symb.
8, 52. t. 61. good.
Cyminosma, bacce ovato acuminate, Gert. sem. 1. p.-
Bl. t. 58.7.1.
Perin-panel. Rheed. Mal, 5. t. 15.
Dr. Konig’s description of this plant as given a Dr.
Dryander, in the 2nd. vol, of the Transactions of the Lin-
Rean Society ; page 233 is very correct.
A native of Ceylon, Chittagong, &c.
XYLOCARPUS. Schreb. gen. n. 646.
Calyx four-toothed. Corol four-petalled. Nectary .
.fight-cleft, staminiferous, Capsule four-valved, cells _
Uncertain, replete with from six to twelve, angular, :
ously shaped seeds, Embryo centrifugal, Bee
Pies is
240 OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Guarea: —
X. granatum, Willd. 2. 328.. yo
Leaflets opposite, from two to three pair, oblong, :
smooth. ’ cree
Granatum litoreum. Rumph. Amb, vol. 3. t. 61.
Tam. Kandalanga.
Cing. Kadul-gaha,
Beng. Pussoor. ’
This tree is a native of the Soonderbuns, (the lower
Delta ofthe Ganges.) Fruit ripens in June and July. |
Leaves alternate about the extremities of the brenda
’ lets, pinnate ; from six to twelve inches long. Leaflets
two pair, opposite, sessile, oblong, entire, obtuse, smooth,
deep on both sides ; about four inches long. Petioles ron
smooth, dark oie. Stipules none, ie
GUAREA. Schreb. gen. n. 649.
Calyx four-toothed. Petals four. Nectary cylin
bearing the anthers in its mouth. Germ superior, four
celled, cells two-seeded ; attachment superior, Capsule —
four-celled, four-valved. Seed solitary. Embryo inverse i :
no perisperm. bei |
1. G. binertarifera, R.
Arboreous. Leaves pinnate; leaflets froin: four to six a
pair, alternate. Panicles rigid, axillary, com composed - ;
dichotomous ramifications. Nectarydouble. | — Bik
A native of the eastern parts of Bengal, where it grows
to be a tree of considerable size. Flowering time the be-
ginning of the rains, in June. Seed ripens in February.
_ Trunk straight. Bark smooth, between ash colout, —
and olive. Branches patent; young shoots round, and ee
pretty smooth. Leaves alternate, pinnate, from one tose
ven on each side, drooping, ovate-oblong, petioled, from
one to two feet long ; leaflets alternate, petioletted, taper :
pointed, entire, we on Tosa se inch
Guarea, OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. oe
long, and two or three broad, —_-Petioles common, flat on
the upper side below the leaflets, where they are inserted,
flexuose, and nearly round, Petiolets short, andround. Stéz-
pules none. Panicles axillary, or rather above the axils,
“rigid, not balf the length of the leaves, composed of short,
alternate, rigid, expanding ramifications. © In old stunt-
ed trees, the panicle has dwindled into a small, rigid,
simple raceme. Bractes minute, caducous at a very early
- period, Flowers rather small, of a pale yellow colour, in-
dorous, Calyx one-leayed, small, campanulate ; mouth
four-toothed. Petals four, linear, recurvate, many times
larger than the calyx, and rather longer than the exterior
nectary. Nectary double ; exterior subcylindric, and ofa
deeper yellow colour than the petals; mouth a little con-
tracted, and obscurely eight-toothed, the inner one some-
what gibbous, about one-third of the length of the exte-
‘Hor one, fleshy, orange-coloured ; mouth funnel-shaped,
eight-toothed; teeth alternately smaller, and many of them
dentate. Filament none, Anthers eight, inserted on the
_ inside of the exterior nectary, a little within its mouth,
and immediately under the eight fissures. | Germ supe-
nor, ovate, four-celled, with two horizontally placed ovu-
lain each, attached to the top of the axis. Style cylin-
dric as long as the exterior nectary. Stigma enlarged ; a-
Pex obscurely four-lebed, its base surrounded with a belt.
Capsule globose, the size ofan apple, of a hard fleshy tex-
ture, smooth ; when ripe, ofa deep yellow throughout, four-
celled, Sinctovilined; opening from the apex. Seed solita-
Ty, obovate, oblong, the size and appearance of a chesnut ;
RO aril; Integument single, spongy ; the outside polished,
ofa dark purple colour ; inwardly yellow. Perisperm none.
Oinverse. Cotyledons conform to the seed, firm,
of a deep green round the edges, paler within. Plumula
Conic, two-lobed. Radicle ovate, superior, its apex consi-
derably within the vertex of the cotyledons, =
Bo. all I have yet examined, this tree comes m .
Be eae
ee
242 OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. - Guarea,
to Sandoricum Indicum. have not observed that any part
of it possesses any peculiar odour, which, with the double —
nectary is a sufficient reason to induce me to think itis —
not the American species, Guarea trichilioides.
2. G. paniculata. R. Bh
Leaves alternate, abruptly pinnate ; leaflets from six to
twelve pair, alternate and opposite, ovate-lanceolate.
Panicles axillary. ” E is
Kulikoura is the vernacular name in Silhet, whereit
grows to be a pretty large tree. Flowering time May and : |
June ; the seed ripens the following April. ce
Young shoots slightly villous. Leaves alternate, abrupt _
ly pinnate, from eighteen to thirty inches long. Leaflets —
from six to fourteen pair, short-petiolate, the inferior paits _
often alternate, those above opposite, somewhat ume
qually ovate, lanceolate, entire, taper-pointed, nearly _
smooth ; from five to ten inches long, and two or four
broad. Common petioles round and villous. Stipules none.
Panicles axillary, solitary, nearly as long as the leaves,
spreading. Ramifications villous. Flowers very numerous, —
pedicelled, pretty large, of a pale yellow, expanding in the
evening, and dropping the next morning, Bractes fili-
form, villous. Calyx cup-shaped, obscurely four-toothed,
alittle villous. Petals four, spatulate, obtuse, recurved.
Nectary cylindric, the length of the corol,and hairy on poth
sides ; the mouth eight-toothed ; segments bidentate. Fila- ue
ments scarcely any. Anthers oblong, attached round the © .
inside of the mouth of the nectary. Germ superior, ovate
four-celled, with one, rarely two ovula in each, attached - 8
to the top of the axis. Style the length of the nectaty,
hairy. Stigma globular. Capsule globular, the size of 2
crab apple, -three or four-lobed, with a furrow betwee?
smooth, of a dark orange colour, from three to four-celled,
- from three to four-valved ; valves thick, and spongy, wit
the partitions rising down the middle. Seed solitary,
Molinea. OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 243
round or oval, considerably flattened ; interior half
yellow, in the middle of which is a large whitish, flat
umbilicus ; exterior half of a smooth, shining, chesnut
colour, across which is a trifling groove, marking the se-
paration of the transverse cotyledons. Perisperm none.
Embryo transverse. Cotyledons conform to the seed. The
Plumula and Radicle together form a minute, round spot
in the centre of the cotyledons, the former pointing to the
umbilicus, and the latter to the circumference, (centrifu-
gal.)
MOLINEA. Juss.
: Calyx five-parted. Corol five-petalled, unequal. Fila-
ments woolly, ascending over the small petal. Capsule
_ three-celled, three-valved. Seed solitary.
1. M. canescens. Willd. 2. 329. Corom. pl. 1. N. 60.
Leaves abruptly-pinnate; leaflets two pair, obtuse.
Racemes on the leafless branchlets, Style single ; stigma
three-toothed.
Teling. Korivee.
_ Sapindus fetraphyllus. Vahl. Symb. 3. 54.
A native of the Circar mountains, and flowers about
the time the Sapindus does.
- Trunk not straight, but thick. Bark ‘ach oalseabies a
little scabrous. Branches numerous, spreading in every
direction, Leaves alternate, abruptly-pinnate, sometimes
ternate, about six or eight incheslong. Leaflets opposite,
generally two-pair, oblong, entire, smooth, shining, firm,
five or six inches long, and two or three broad. Petioles
round, four or five inches long. Racemes many, simple, or
compound, from the extremities of the last, or two last
years’ leafless branchlets round the base of the present
‘Year's shoots. Flowers small, white, fascicled. Calyx ine, ‘
ferior, paveesttor Petals five, four large, and standing on
Ee2
244 OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Amyris.
the upper side, the fifth small, standing singly on the
under side. Nectary the leaflets torn, and woolly. Style
single. Stigma three-toothed. Capsule single, three-sided,
three-celled, three-valved. Seeds one ineach cell, * —
The wood of this tree is white and not so serviceable
as eat of Sapindus rubiginosus.
, 2. Mi: levis: Willd, 2. 329. :
_ Leaves abruptly-pinnate ; leaflets one or two pairs, cu-
neate-obovate, obtuse, entire, smooth. Panicles axillary.
Petals round, with a woolly scale in each side near the
base.
A handsome slender tree, a native of the Mamrition
where it blossoms in June and July, and the seeds — Es
in October. ek
ee
AMYRIS. Schreb. gen. n. 650. .
Calyx four-toothed. Corol of four expanding i |
_ Germ superior, four-celled; cells from two to three-seeded ;_
attachment interior. Berry one-seeded. Embryo inverse,
without eoere:
a. ‘simplicifolia R. fe
Leaves simple, oblong, and broad lanceolate, Racemées
axillary, short, few-flowered. Germ two-celled. Ag,
A small tree, a native of Pulo Pinang. In this spe-
cies, the leaf is joined to the apex of the petiole by aD
articulation, and there the leaf falls off, leaving the petiole,
which is much more permanent. ee
The racemes are about twice the length of the petioles;
the flower small and white, The ripe fruit has not beet
2. ‘ celiac d R.
Arboreous, branchlets often ending i in spines, Leaves
Amyris. OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 245
petioled, simple, elliptic, serrate, acute, with a pair of mi-
nute leaflets, or ears at the base. Flowers axillary.
Commiphora Madagascarensis. Jacq. Seeenpes 2, p. 66.
t, 249, ‘
Sans. and Beng. Googgula.
The tree is a native of Silhet, Assam, &c, E. and N. E.
from Bengal, in the Botanic garden at Calcutta it blos-
soms about the beginning of the hot season, in Februa-
ry and March, but seldom ripens its seed,
Trunk of our small trees crooked, and clothed with
many spreading and drooping, crooked branches down
to the ground. The short lateral branchlets often end
inthorny points. Bark of the young shoots green and
smooth, that of the larger branches, and trunk covered
with a light coloured pellicle as in the common birch,
‘ which peels off from time to time, exposing to view
a smooth green coat, which in succession supplies other
Similar exfoliations. Leaves alternate, petioled, oval, or
elliptic, serrulate, smooth on both sides, at the base or
apex of the petiole on each side, is generally found a _
small leaflet tending to give the whole the appearance of
aternate leaf. Flowers short-pedicelled, small, red,
collected in little bundles on the small protuberant gems
left by the former years’ leaves, over the now leafless
slender twigs. Calyx, corol, and stamina as in the ge-
hus. Nectary, eight glands alternate with the insertion
of the filaments. Berry drupaceous, the size of a black
currant, red, smooth. Nut two-celled, with a single seed
in each,
The whole plant, while growing is considerably odori-
ferous, particularly when any part is broken or bruised,
and diffuses a grateful fragrance, like that of the finest
myrrh, to a considerable distance round, which for some.
time induced me to think it might be the plant from
Which that drag was procured, particularly as I obsery-_
S don or wounded, there exuded much barat colour- —
246 OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Amyris,
ed juice, but unfortunately for my conjecture, it is soon
carried off by evaporation, leaving little or nothing be-
hind, Ihave at various times of the year wounded the
plantin different places, and placed various contrivances
to collect the juice, but all 1 could ever procure, wasa
very minute portion of a gummy matter, which certain-
ly resembled myrrh, both in smell and appearance, but
had no tendency to be tenacious, or elastic, hence I con-
clude there must be a mistake in its being the elastic gum
tree of Madagascar, as mentioned by Jacquin.
3. A. gileadensis. Willd. 2. 334.
Shrubby, the branches and branchlets spinous. Leaves
short-petioled, ternate ; leaflets from oval to elliptic, ser-
rulate, smooth. ti
A native of Arabia. It has not yet blossomed in the —
Botanic garden at Calcutta, though a pretty large plant
has been there five years.
4, A. acuminata. R.
' <Arboreous. Leaves ternate, and quinate, rarely of ¢ se-
ven leaflets, pinnate ; leaflets petioled, from ovate to oyal,
entire, acuminate, death: Peduncles diverging, three-
flowered, or trichotomous, and many-flowered, Stamens —
shorter than the pistillum.
Introduced into the Botanic garden at Calcutta from
the Moluccas, in 1798. In 1808 the young trees had ac-
quired a short trunk, of eighteen inches in circumference,
and not very straight, covered with very smooth arg
ash-coloured, fleshy bark.
_ Branches stiff but brittle and spreading i in every direc-
tions ; bark thereof like that of the trunk. In Bengal they
blossom in May, but have not yet produced ripe fruit, : : :
Leaves alternate, ternate, and quinate-pinnate, rarely cy
seven, and nine still more so; in Bengal deciduous ee
November and December, and appearing with the flow-
Amyris. -OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 247
ers in May. Leaflets petioled, oval, or ovate, taper-point-
ed, entire, polished; about three inches long and about
two broad. Petioles nearly as long as the leaflets, round,
polished, and coloured. Stipules none. Peduncles axilla-
ry and from the base of the tender shoots below the young
leaves, as well as from the apices of small lateral,
leaflets scions; often as long as the petioles, diverging,
three-flowered, or once, or twice dichotomous, and ma-
ny-flowered. Flowers small, yellow. In Bengal they
have hitherto proved abortive. Bractes in opposite pairs,
at the divisions of the peduncles, lanceolate, smooth and
fleshy. Calyx four-toothed, half the length of the petals.
Petals four, linear-oblong, their lower two-thirds forming
a tube, the upper third expanding, and acute. Filaments
eight, shorter than the germ, alternately longer, inserted
on a fleshy ring round the base of the germ. Anthers
ovate-sagittate, apparently destitute of pollen. Germ
ovate-oblong, clammy, two-celled, with two ovula in
each, attached to the partition below the middle. Style
scarcely any. Stigma large two-lobed, and these again
somewhat two-lobed. Fruit not seen, ,
~ The Bark and all the tender parts of the plants, on be-
ing bruised or wounded, discharges a small quantity of a
pale whey-coloured liquid, which possesses a fragrance
something like that of the orange leaf.
In Bengal the flowers constantly prove abortive. I
therefore conclude the tree to be polygamous, and that
ours are all female-hermaphrodites, with impPEEE: sta-
Inina, ;
When the trees were younger, the leaflets were more
numerous, often five and sometimes seven; I then thought
it might be Amyris Protiwn, but have now reason to
think ita new species.
ee a ie
Shrubby. Leaves pinnate-quinate ; leaflets br
248 OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Amyris.
ceolar, entire. Panicle terminal. Berry ovate, verru-
cose. .
Plants of this species were presented to the garden
at Calcutta, by Colonel Hardwicke, who found them in-
digenous in the vicinity of Cawnpore. In this garden
they blossomed in March, when about four years old, and
not more than three feet high, with a simple slender stem,
- covered with smooth, ash-coloured bark.
Leaves alternate, unequally pinnate, from six to twelve
inches long. Leaflets generally five, often subalternate,
short-petiolleted, entire, broad-lanceolar; from two to
six inches long, When bruised between the fingers, very
fragrant. Stipules none. Panicles terminal, erect, com-
posed of short, expanding, two or three times dichotom-
ous branches, with always a single short-pedicelled flow-
er in the fork, which makes them appear trichotomous.
Bractes minute. Calyx small, four-teothed. Petals oblong,
concave, dotted with glands on the outside, much larger —
than the calyx. Filaments broad. Anthers ovate. Germ
ovate, hairy, four-celled, with many ovula in each, elevat- —
ed on a short receptacle, into the under ‘part of which
the filaments are inserted. Style very short. Stigma four-
toothed, Berry ovate, pulpy, of a pale orange colour, ver-
rucose ; the size of a small cherry, lengthened to an ob-
tuse rm Seed single, oval, smooth,
6. A. heptaphylla. R.
Shrubby. Leaves alternate, pinnate ; leaflets alternate,
from three to four pair, entire. Panicles terminal. Ber-
ries sub-cylindric.
‘Karunphul is the name it is known by about Calcutta,
which is the only place in which I have yet found it. —
Trunk, in all the plants I have seen, there is scarcely
any, but many, suberect branches, coveréd with dark
coloured, smocth bark ; ; general height from five to six
feet. Leaves alternate ‘pinnate ; from six to twelve —
Amyris. OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 249
inches long. Leaflets alternate ; short-petiolleted ; from
three to four pair, obliquely oblong-lanceolate, entire,
marked through and through with transparent dots,
those towards the base of the common petiole smallest.
Panicles terminal, composed of diverging, trichotomous
ramifications. Flowers numerous, small, whitish yellow.
Calyx, corol, receptacles, stamens and pistil as in the fa-
mily. Berry oblong, covered with glandular dots ; when
ripe pale yellow. Seed solitary.
The leaves, when bruised, give out in a very strong de-
gree the fragrance of the finest and freshest anise.
7. A. nana. R.
Shrubby. Leaflets from five to eleven, opposite, and al-
ternate, ovate, crenulate, smooth. Panicles axillary.
Berries round. __
Introduced from the Moluccas, into the Botanic garden
at Calcutta, where it blossoms in April and May. Seed
Tipe in June and July.
Trunk erect, in our young plants, simple. Bark smooth,
dark brown, whole height of four years’ old plants from-
two to five feet. Leaves alternate, pinnate, with an odd
one. Leaflets from five to eleven, subopposite, or alter-
nate, short-petioled, obliquely ovate, more or less crenu-
late, emarginate, smooth on both sides ; general length
from one to two inches. Petioles, and petiolets round,
and somewhat glandular. Racemes simple, and com-
- pound, axillary, solitary ; the simple shorter- than the
leaves, the compound, or panicles, they may be called,
about as long as the leaves, Flowers minute, whit-
ish, alternate, rather remote. Calyx four-toothed, glan-
dular. Petals oblong, concave, marked with green
glands on the back. Filaments short, with a broad con-
fave base, converging over the germ, Anthers erect,
oblong. Germ elevated on a short receptacle, four-lob-
ed, glandular, | Style short, Soom four-lpbet, ved a¢ rr, :
250 - OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Amyris, ~
nearly round, size of a large pea, pale greenish somewhat
~ pellucid white. i
Note. This description is taken from a small plant of
two years’ growth when it first blossomed, but I find they
grow to be large, elegant, very fragrant shrubs.
8. A. suffruticosa. R.
Suffruticose ; leaflets about eleven or thirteen, opposite,
or alternate, short-petioled, ovate. Panicles axillary.
Berry linear, oblong.
A native of Chittagong, and from thence sent by Dr.
Buchanan to the Botanic garden at Calcutta,. where it
blossoms in the months of February and March, Seed
ripe in April and May.
Stem simple, about two feet high. Bark of the lower
woody part ash-coloured, of the yaung shoots green
and villous. Leaves alternate, pinnate, expanding from
six to sixteeninches in length. Leaflets generally from
eleven to fifteen, opposite, and alternate, short-petiolleted,
the lower pairs small, cordate-ovate, the superior oblong;
all are entire, and downy on both sides. Petioles, and —
petivlets round and downy. Panicles axillary, diverging,
‘scarcely half the length of the leaves, villous. Flowers
numerous, small, greenish white. yer
Calyx small, with four acute divisions. Petals fout,
expanding, concave. Nectary a small fleshy ring round
the base of the germ. Filaments alternately a little short
er, enlarged at the base. Anthers large, two-lobed.
Germ globular. Style the length of the stamens. Stigma
small, four-lobed. Berries lanceolate, dreoping, orange
coloured, succulent, marked with numerous, large, pellu-
cid glands, nearly an inch long, and about a quarter of an
inch in diameter. Seed solitary, shaped like the berry,
green. : zo
9. A. sumatrana. R. , ;
- Arboreous, tender parts villous. Vibe ACE sight to i
| Amyris.. OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 251
twelve pairs, opposite or alternate, unequally ovate.
lanceolate, entire. ‘Panicles terminal. Berries oval.
From Sumatra this tree has been introduced into the
Botanic garden at Calcutta, where in five years the plants -
grew to the height of twenty feet, with a long, perfectly
straight trunk, covered with smooth brownish olive-co-
loured back. The leaves when fresh and bruised emit a
pleasant aromatic odour like that of the lemon leaf. The
filaments spread out at the base, as in A. punctata ; the
receptacle of the germ is also the same, but the style and
stigma are here entire. Flowers and _— its ane at
various periods in Bengal.
9. A. punctata, R.
Arboreous ; leaflets from twelve to fifteen pair, ovate.
lanceolate, crenalate, dotted. Panicles terminal. Germs
elevated on a receptacle, Berries round, glandular. —
1 have only met with this tree in the Company’s Bota-
nic garden at Calcutta, to which it was brought from Chit-
tagong some years ago. The Chinese gardeners say it
grows in China also. The trees seem full grown, and are
about twelve feet high, rather thin of branches, with the
lower-most spreading near the surface of the earth. Burk
Smooth, dark rust-coloured. Leaves entirely deciduous
‘during the cold season, doses appear agaia with ee flow-
ers in March. gs
- Leaves alternate, pinnate, with an odd one, facie weve
40 eighteen inches long, Leaflets alternate, short-petiol-
leted, from ten to twenty pairs, obliquely-oblong, the low-
er half being lanceolate, and the upper falcate. Margins
Crenulate; both sides of a dull green, and marked with
glandular dots; size various, those about the middle
are the largest, being generally from three to four inch-
€s long and about one broad. ‘Stipules none, Peti-
oles and petiolets round, a little scabrous, and somewhat
_ Panicles terminal, oval, erect 5 the pe
by wie oe
252 OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Ximenia,
and subdivisions a little hairy. Bractes minute, Flow- —
ers numerous, small, white. | Calyx small, four-toothed.
Petals four, oval, spreading, concave, inserted by claws,
nectary a large fleshy receptacle, contracted at the mid-
dle, the lower swelling receiving the petals, and filaments,
the upper supporting the germ, Filaments eight, below
very much enlarged, with their insides concave to receive
the corresponding convexity of the germ and nectary;_
they are shorter than the coro]. Anthers oval. Germ four-
sided. Style thick, four-sided, straight, the length of the ~
stamens. Stigma truncated, obsoletely four-pointed., Ber-
ry as in the genus. La
The leaves when bruised smell like sassafras.
XIMENIA.
Calyx four-toothed. Corol four-petalled, hairy on the
inside, and revolute, forming a bell, ree superior ; one-
seeded. : ; perce
1. X. americana. Willd, 2. 330. é
Shrubby, armed. Leaves alternate, oval, emarginat
Peduncles many-flowered. AH
_ Teling. Oora-nechra. pad
A large, ramous, thorny shrub, a native of forests, ani
mountains. It flowers about the beginning of the hot
season. Trunk and branches irregularly disposed. Bark
scabrous, inwardly red, and very astringent. Thorns
axillary, or terminating the branchlets, single, large,
bearing leaves, flowers, and sometimes smaller thorns.
Leavesalternate, short-petioled, oval,emarginate, smooth,
about. two inches long, and one broad. Racemes ee
or from the extremities of small branchlets, one, two, OF
three together, small, erect, each bearing, generally, fiom
four to six flowers, Peduncles and pedicels round,
smooth, Bractes small, single. Flowers of a dull white,
Ximenia. . OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 253.
small, many of them male. Calyx below, small, generally
four-toothed, though sometimes five-toothed. Petals four
or five, corresponding with the number of toothlets in the
calyx, oblong, campanulate, with the upper half revolute,
very hairy on the inside. Filaments from eight to ten, erect,
short. Anthers linear, erect. Germ superior, conical.
Style tapering, the length of the filaments. Stigma simple,
Drupe oval, size of a nutmeg, pulpy, red, smooth, one-
celled. Nut solitary, of the same shape as the drupe, not
very hard. The ripe fruits are eaten raw by the natives ;
their taste is a compound of sour and bitter.. The kernels
are also eaten, and taste much like fresh filberts. The
wood is yellow, like sandal, and its powder is often sub-
stituted for that of sandal by the brahmuns on this part of
the coast in their religious ceremonies.
2. X. egyptiaca. Jussieu. genera. p. 288.
Thorny. Leaves binate. Flowers decandrous. Drupe to.
rose.
Hind. Hingen.
Teling. Garee.
In the Memoirs sur L’Egypt, is a paper on this plant,
by M. A. Dehile, where he says the fruit passes in Egypt
_ for Chebulic myrobalans.
‘This seems to me a new genus rather than a species of
Ximenia. It is an hostile-looking, small tree, or large
shrab, grows on the most inhospitable, dry, barren, un-
cultivated places in the Circars. Flowering in May. ©
‘Trunk erect; bark ash-coloured, crooked. Branches
few, erect, with extremities spreading, and often droop-
ing. Thorns axillary, single, large, strong, very sharp,
frequently leaf and flower-bearing. Leaves scattered, pe-
tioled, binate. Leaflets short-petiolated, from oval to
oblong, smooth, shining, when young downy; about an
inch and a half long, and three quarters broad. P eduncle es
254- OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, | Pierardia,
axillary, short, downy, many flowered. Flowers small,
greenish-white, pedicelled. Calyx inferior, five-leaved;
leaflets oval, downy, spreading. Petals five, very like the
calyx. Nectary a large, fleshy green, ten-notched, ten-
grooved ring, surrounding the lower half of the germ. Fila-
ments ten, rather shorter than the petals, inserted between
the nectary and petals. Anthers cordate. Germ superior,
woolly, five-grooved, five-celled, with one ovu/a in each,
attached to the upper end of the axis. Style erect, short.
Stigma slightly five-lobed. Drupe size of a pullet’s egg,
five-grooved, covered with a smooth, light grey, dry cor-
tex: Pulp very like soft soap, exceedingly bitter, hay-
ing an offensive greasy smell. Nut exceedingly hard, ones
celled, one-seeded.
The nut is employed in fire works. A small nodal
drilled in it, at which the kernel is extracted, and being
filled with powder, and fired, bursts with a very loud re~
port, so exceedingly hard is the nut; 1 know no es |
use te which any part of this shrub is put, wre
PIERARDIA. R.
Calyx four-leaved.. Corul none. Germ superior, four-
-eelled ; cells two-seeded, attachment superior. Style
scarcely any. Stigma tetragonal. Berry with three ot —
four arilled seeds. Embryo inverse, aud furnished with 4
perisperm. gis tO
P. sapida. R. ‘y
_Lutco of the Hindoos, about Tippera, Ke. tothocast
ward of Calcutta, where the tree is indigenous, a
_ A few small trees are now in the Company’s ‘Botan
aia at Calcutta ; they were originally from ‘Tippet
Our Chinese gardeners say itis also a native of theif
country, where it is called Lutqua, and is cultivated for
_its agreeable fruit, our trees are as yet small, fromsis
Pierardia, OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 255.
to ten feet high, with little or no trunk, but many, sub-_
erect branches, covered with dark-coloured, scabrous bark,
Ju their native soil they blossom in February, and ripen
their fruit in June. 3
Leaves alternate, petioled, oblong, entire, smooth on
both sides ; ; generally about eight inches long. Petioles
gWianelléd, about two inches long. Racemes from the
naked branches (such as are about the thickness of the
little finger seem to produce the greatest number) droop-
‘ing, covered nearly to the base with numerous, small, yel-
low flowers. Bractes lanceolate, inserted on the common
peduncle, three-flowered, each flower hanging on its pro-
‘per pedicel, there uniting into a common oue rather
Shorter than its bracte. Calyx, or corol, for there is but
one, four-leaved ; leaflets oval, duwny, fleshy, incurv-
ed over the stamens, and pistil. Filaments generally
eight, short, incurved, inserted round the. base of the
germ. Anthers two-lobed. Germ superior, round, three
ormore generally four-celled, with two ovula i in each, at-
tached to the top of the cell. Berry round, size of a large
f00seberry, smooth, yellow, from three to four-celled.
Seed solitary, subovate ; invested in a copious ‘Soft,
White, subacid, edible aril. Integument reddish, firm,
pretty thick. Perisperm conform to the’ seed, cartilas
ginous. Embryo nearly as broad and long as the peris-
Perm, inverse. Co/yledons oval, three-uerved, . Hadicls
val, superior.
Note. This new genus, for so it seems to me, 7 Tine
named after Francis Pierard, Esq. one of the Honourable
East India Company’s Civil Servants. His abilities as a
Botanist, in discovering various new plants, with which
he has enriched the Honourable Company’s Botanic gar-
den, claims for him this mark of distinction,
256 . OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Dodoneea,
DODONGA.
Calyx or corol four-leaved. Capsule three-celled, ehrdel
valved, three-winged. Seeds one or two in each cell.
1. D. angustifolia. Willd. 2. 344,
Polygamous, shrubby. Leaves linear-lanceolate. Ro
cemes axillary and terminal,
A large ramous, erect shrub, very common on the barren
-uncultivated lands of Coromandel. It flowers during the
rains. ee
Leaves scattered, sub-sessile, linear-lanceolate, smooth,
entire, margins a little revolute ; from two to four inches
long; on the gems and young leaves a little bright yellow
resin in generally found. Racemes axillary, and terminal,
generally terminal, much shorter than the leaves, few”
flowered. Flowers long-pedicelled, small, of a greenish
celour,
HERMAPHRODITE FLowERS have sometimes a fifth
more parts than in the genus, there is only one seed in
each cell of the capsule, and sometimes the capsule com
sists of only two cells, and two wings.
_ Femae FLow ers, are sometimes mixed with the her-
maphrodite, and sometimes occupy a distinct plant; they
want the stamens entirely, otherwise they agree.
2. D. dioeca, R. gh te
Divecous, shrubby. Leaves lanceolate. Racemes asi .
lary and terminal. jee
A native of the interior parts of India. Flowest
time the rainy season.
Stem erect, woody, with numerous, suberect, ‘rood :
branches, Bark smooth, light brown. Leaves alternate,
short-petioled, broad-lanceolate, tapering most towards _
the base, entire, smooth. Racemes axillary, and
solitary, short, corymbiform. Flowers with long
nodding pedicels, _Bractesminute, MAa.e. — jour
_ Melicope. OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 257
.
leaved. Corol none. Filaments: seven or eight, very
short. Anther linear, six or eight times longer than the
filaments.
FEMALE FLOWERS On a separate tree. Calyx as in the
male. Corol none. Germ superior, three-lobed. Style long,
three-sided, as if composed of three portions. Stigma
three-pointed. The ripe seed vessel has not been found.
MELICOPE.
Calyx four-parted. Corol four-petalled. Nectary sur-
rounding the germ. Capsules superior, four, singly ovate-
- oblong, two-valved, one-celled, with a single winged seed
‘in each. _
M, tetrandra. R.
Arboreous. Leaves opposite, obovate. Corymbs axil-
lary. Flowers tetrandrous, ;
_ This tree is a native of Paulo Pinang where it blossoms
in May.
Branchlets round, and smooth. Leaves near the extre-
Mities of the branchlets, opposite, petioled, cuneate,
Obovate, entire, smooth on both sides ; from three to four
inches long, and two or two anda half broad. Petioles
scarcely an inch long, channelled, smooth, swelled at the
apex, as if united to the leaf by an articulation. Stipu-
les not visible. Corymbs axillary, opposite, long-pedun<«
cled, supra-decompound, smaller ramifications villous,
Bractes minute, solitary under each division and, subdi-
Vision. Flowers pedicelled, small, very numerous. Ca-
lyx four-cleft, small, permanent. Petals four, cordate,
acute, expanding, inserted between the calyx and necta-
Ty; on the disk of each rests a small, seemingly abortive
_ Stamen. Nectary a fleshy ring round the four-lobed germ,
a ease four, expanding, alternate with the pers and :
258 OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, TLawsonia.
of the same length, inserted on the four angles. of the
nectary- Anthers cordate. Germ superior, immersed
in the nectary, four-lobed. Style single. Stigma most
slightly four-lobed. Capsule deeply two-lobed, each
lobe oblong, one-celled, two-valved, but not opening readi-
ly, Seeds one or two in each lobe, or cell of the pericarp,
inserted at the base, and all but the apex enveloped in
an orange coloured, fleshy aril,
LAWSONTIA.
Calyx four-toothed, Corol four-petalled, inserted into
the bottom of the calyx alternately with the pairs of sta-
mens. Germ four-celled, cells many-seeded ; attachment
central. Capsule superior, four-celled, many-seeded. —
Embryo with centripetal radicle, and no perisperm.
L. inermis. Willd. 2. 344. me
Arboreous, armed, in a bad soil. Leaves ventricose-
lanceolate. - ss
_ Alcanua. Geert. sem. 2. 133. t. 100.
Mail-anschi.. Rheed. Mal. 1, t. 40.
_ Beng. Mendee.
_ Pers. Henna.
Arab. Erkan. eeu dale
Teling. Gounta. ne
On the coast of Coromandel where it. is indigenous, 7
have commonly found it in the state of a large shrub,
though itis naturally a small, ramous tree. Here itis
in flower and seed most part of the year.
‘Trunk crooked, of various lengths and thickness. Bark
ic Se Branches very numerous, standing in ‘every
direction ; young shootssomewhatangular. Leaves oppo
site, short-petioled oblong, or broad lanceolate, pointed at
both ends ; about an inch long, and less than half an inch :
broad. Stipules wanting. Panicles terminal, globular, 7
Lawsonia. OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, | 259
cross-armed, many flowered. Bractes scarcely any. Flow-
ers small, greenish-yellow, very fragrant. Petals orbicular,
inserted into the divisions of the calyx; margins involute,
and very much curled, as in Lagerstremia. Filaments
longer than the corol, inserted by pairs into the calyx
between the petals. Germ superior, four-celled ; ovula nu-
merous, attached to the axis. Style the length of the sta-
mens, somewhat bent. Stigma simple. Capsule globular, |
the size ofa grain of pepper, four-grooved, with the apex .
depressed, having in it part of the remaining style, four-
celled ; partitions membranaceous. Seeds angular, wedge-
_ form, inserted by their. apices round the middle, or en-
larged part of a centrical, columnar receptacle. Embryo
with centripetal radicle, and no perisperm.
It is much psed for hedges, growing readily from cut-
tings; consequently fertile seeds are net often met with.
The flowers are remarkably fragrant, whether fresh or
dry, and are particularly grateful at a distance.
The species called spinosa is nothing more, I imagine,
than the same plant growing on a dry sterile soil ; at
least, in such soils, [ have often found it very thorny, the
branchlets being then short and rigid, with sharp thorny
Points,
The fresh sears beat up with Catechu, dyes the nails
and skin of a reddish orange colour, which is much ad- |
mired by the fair sex allover India. The fresh made.
paste is laid on at bed time, and removed in the morn- 3
ing ; the colour remains till the nails or epedermisi is re-
newed, or removed.
‘The leaves yield in decoction a porter coloured aes :
I have found it a deep orange colour, which acids des- -
troy, while ‘alkalies and infusions of astringent vegeta-_
bles deepen it ; this decoction dyes the finger of a deep —
Orange ; but does not communicate any colour to cloth
variously prepared, nor could I procure any precipitate
from the decoction worth attending to, “
Gg2
260 OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Memecylon,
MEMECYLON.
Calyx four-toothed. Corols four-petalled. Nectary four
glands, inserted just over the stamina, in the fissure of
the calyx. es inferior, one-seeded. is:
1. M. edule. R. Corom. pl. 1. N. 82.
Shrubby. Leaves opposite, oval, smooth. Umbellets —
the naked branches, and stems below the leaves.
Comus sylvestris. Burm Zeyl. p. 76. t. 31.
Teling: Alie.
The leaves are an ingredient in the dyes of Coroman-
del, I therefore suspect M. tinctorium of Willdenow
may be the same plant,
A very common, small tree, or large shrub ; it is tobe
found in every jungle all over the coast. It flowers about —
the beginning of the hot season.
Trunk very irregular in shape and size, covered with |
a dark coloured, scabrous bark. Branches numerous,
nearly erect. Leaves opposite, short-petioled, oval, —
smooth, shining, firm, entire, with scarcely any veins, from —
three to four inches long, and from two to three broad. —
Umbellets many, compound, small, from scabrous eleya-— .
tions, where the leaves stood, over the old woody
i .
branches. Peduncles common, and partial, four-sided. _ :
Pedicels round, coloured. - The generic character asim
Richard’s edition of the Genera Plantarum. Seeds, seldom uae
more than one comes to perfection, though in the ee waa
the rudiments of many are to be seen.
The ripe berries are eaten by the natives; they are
astringent; the pulp is of a bluish black dabei ant a
found in 1 considerable quantity. if
2. M. amplexicaulis, R.
Leaves opposite, half sdis-cada pink ovatecorate
Flowers in sessile, axillary heads. eres
Marlea. OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 261
A native of Paulo Pmang.
Leaves opposite, sessile, half stem-clasping, ovate
cordate, smooth, shining, entire, of a firm texture, and
veinless ; from four to six inches long. Flowers numer-
ous, very small, collected in round, sessile heads, in the -
axills of the leaves, or below them. Bractes two at the
base of each pedicel. Calyx four-toothed. Petals orbi-
cular, sessile. Stamens, length of the petals, Berries a-
bout the size ofa gooseberry, dry. Seed solitary, round.
MARLEA. R.
Calyx from six to eight toothed, superior. Petals from
six to eight. Germ inferior, two-celled ; cells one-seeded;
attachment superior. Drupe with a two-celled nut, Em-
bryo inverse, furnished with a perisperm.
M. begonifolia, R.
Marlea is the vernacular name in Silhet, where it is
indigenous and grows to the size of a small tree, yield-
ing timber which is employed by the natives in the con-
Struction of their houses. | Flowering time the month of
April ; the seed ripens in July.
In its natural character it approaches near to Alan-.
gium ; the number of stamina, and the internal structure
of the germ and drupe, however, are so different, as to —
induce me to consider it sufficiently distinct to forma
Separate genus, which I do under its vernacular name
of Marlea, , .
Leaves alternate, peibiieds unequally cordate, as in»
Begonia, entire, or lobate, acuminate, smooth, five, or
more-nerved ; from four to eight inches long, by from
three to five broad, Petioles round, a little villous, about
an inch long. Stipules none. Peduncles axillary, the —
of the petioles, dichotomous, many-flowered. Flow-
rs of a middling size, short-pedicelled, “e — -
262 OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Symphorema.
lyx superior, small, from six to eight-toothed. Petals from
six to eight, linear, recurved. Filaments eight, short, flat,
hairy, inserted within the petals on a glandular hemis-
pherical body which crowns the germ, Anthers linear, ve-
ry long. Germ inferior, two-celled, with one ovula in each,
attached to the top of the axis. Style the length of the
stamina. Stigma large, four-toothed. Drupe oval, obtuse-
pointed, the size of a small cherry, pulp in small quanti-
ty butsoft and dark coloured ; round the base of the ob-
tuse point may be traced the minute remains of the ca-
lyx. Nut single, conform to the drupe, brittle, though
‘hard, black, two-celled, grooved on the sides, with the a-
pex transversely two-toothed. Seed solitary, oval, flat-
tened. Integument single, thin. Perisperm conform to the
seed, softand oily. Embryo inverse, nearly as extensive
as the perisperm ; cotyledons ovate, cordate, obtuse, Ra-
dicle superior, oval.
SYMPHOREMA.
Calyx ; involucre, from six to eight-leaved. posal
from six to eight-toothed. Corol one-petalled, from six t0
eight-cleft. Capsule none. Seed single, inclosed in the
calyx. « eal
S. involucrata. Corom. pl. 2. oN. 186. nese’ gaa
Teling. Suroodoo. piri
A large seandent shrub, a native of the Conseiaatl
forests, &c. Leaves deciduous during the cold seaso™,
and coming out with the flowers in Rebroary; Mart ond
Apri.
sdSliens woody, seein climbing. ‘Bark cesbaooetell
Branches straight, cross-armed. Leaves opposite, short
petioled, ovate, exiailyina wed downy ; about three it
ches Jong, and two broad. -Peduncles fascicled, from
the extremities of the: naked branchlets, and last years
Allophyllus. OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 263
axills, round, downy, each supporting a single umbellet,
Flowers sessile, small, white. Calyx ; involucre from
six to eight-leaved, from seven to nine-flowered ; leaflets
chaffy, lanceolate, downy, permanent. Perianth inferior,
one-leaved, tubular, from six to eight-striated, from six
to eight-toothed, downy, permanent. Corol one-petalled ;
tube short ; border from six to eight-cleft ; divisions linear,
spreading. - Filaments seven or eight, shorter than the
corol, inserted just below its divisions. Anthers oblong.
Germ superior, round. Style the length of the stamens.
Stigma bifid. Pericarp none, the remaining withered
calyx serving for one. Seed one, globular, smooth, the
size of a pea. .
I know of no use to which any part of this shrub-:is
put, except that of fuel.
ALLOPHYLLUS. Schreb. gen. n. 643.
Calyx of two unequal pairs of suborbicular leaflets.
Corol four-petalled, regular. Stamina regular. Germ
two-lobed. Stigma bifid. Berry superior, two-lobed, with
one seed in each.
oe lanatus. Lourier. Cochin Ch. 286.
Leaves ternate ; leaflets broad-lanceolate, incites Ra:
cemes axillary, simple. Petals equally disposed, and mom
ly on the whole of the inside,
A native of Pulo Pinang, Silhet, &c. It flomerta in
May. Arboreous ; young branchlets round, and smooth.
Leaves alternate, petioled, ternate. Leaflets subsessile,
lanceolate, remotely and minutely serrate, smooth on both
Sides; from four to six inches long. Petioles slightly
channelled, smooth, about half-the length of the leaflets.
axillary, in pairs, or solitary, twice the length
of the petioles, simple. Flowers numerous, very analy
collected in little, one-bracted bundles. Ove four-leay-
264 OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Ornitrophe.
ed; leaflets roundish, the two extericr longer. Petals four,
wedge-shaped, the whole of the inside very woolly, equal-
ly disposed round the stamina and pistil. | Filaments
eight, nearly the length of the petals. Anthers oval. Germ
two-lobed. Style single. Stigma two-parted. ——
not seen.
z
ORNITROPHE. Juss.
Calyx of two unequal pairs of leaflets. . Corol four-
petalled, unilateral, Germ superior, two-lobed, two-cell-
ed; cells one-seeded; attachment subinferior. Berries
two (though it frequently happens that one is abortive)
one-seeded, Embryo folded, with inferior radicle and 20
perisperm.
J. O. aporetica. R. ;
Polygamous, shrubby. Leaves ternate ; leaflets ses-
sile, broad-lanceolar, acuminate, acutely serrate. Race
mes simple. Nectary four-leaved. wu
Aporetica ternata. Forst. gen. N. 66.
Beng. Ghee-Kushee,
A shrubby species, about four or five feet in height 5 -
native of the Silhet district where it blossomsin June»
Leaves alternate, petioled, ternate. Leaflets sessile, -
broad-lanceolar, remotely but acutely serrate, cuspidate,
smooth on both sides, from four to six inches long, :
and from two to three broad. Stipules none. Racemés
axillary, solitary, simple, erect, shorter than the leayes,
villous. Flowers numerous, small, pale yellow, collected
in little bundles, and embraced by some small, lineal,
villous bractes, many of them male. Calyx of two, OP”
posite, rather unequal pairs of round concave leaflets:
Petals four, unilateral, obovate, cuneate, emarginaley
very woolly on the inside above the middle. Nectary
within the base of each Petal, a small, oblong, | nooti,
Ornitrophe. OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 265
pale yellow leaflet. Filaments eight, ascending oppo-
site to the petals, very woolly near the base. Anthers
oval. Germ superior, in some of the flowers minute,
_ and abortive, in others hairy, and two-lobed, with one
evula in each, attached to the lower, and inner angle of
the cell.’ Style erect. Stigma of two revolute lobes.
Berries two, when both come to perfection, which is not
frequent, obovate, smooth, succulent ; when ripe, red,
the size of a large pea, one-celled. Seed conform to the
berry, and attached to the bottom of the cell. Integuments
two ; exterior whitish yellow and thin ; interior membra-
naceous. Perisperm none. Embryo conform to the
seed, folded, | Cotyledons unequal, fleshy, sublanceolar.
Radicle taper-pointed, a little curved, inferior.
2.0. villosa. R.
Shrubby, tomentose. Leaves ternate ; leaflets oblong,
ventricose, remotely serrulate on the anterior margin. Ra-
cemes axillary, and terminal, simple. Petals cuneiform,
the whole of the inside woolly.
A native of Chittagong.
Young shoots flexuose, very villous. Leaves alter-
nate, ternate. ~ Leaflets suboblong, ventricose, remotely
Serrulate, upper surface scarcely hairy, but soft with
brownish short hairs underneath; from six to eight —
inches long and from four to five broad. Petioles long,
round, and very villous. | Racemes axillary and ter-
Minal, when in the axils, which is by far the most fre-
quent, solitary, all are very hairy, generally shorter
than the petioles. Flowers numerous, small, hairy, col-
lected into little fascicles all over the raceme. Bractes su-
‘bulate, very hairy, Calyx of two very equal pairs of
°pposite, roundish, concave hairy leaflets. Petals four,
Unilateral, cuneiform, very woolly over the whole of the
inside, Nectary, a gland at the base of each petal < on
the inside, and without the stamina, ent: eight,
Hh a?
266 OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Ornitrophe.
scarcely so long as the petals, surrounding the germ on all
sides, woolly. Anthers oblong. Germ two-lobed, hairy,
two-celled, with one ovula in -each, attached to the bot-
tom of its cell. Style short. Stigmas two, aSlong as the
style, recurved. |
3. O. serrata, Willd. 2. 322. R. Corom. pl. 1. N. 61.
Polygamous, shrubby. Leaves ternate ; leaflets oval,
serrate. Racemes axillary. Petals cuneate, woolly in
the centre. Berries obovate.
Hind. Rakhal-phul.,
Teling. Tauatikee, ‘
It is one of the most common plants on the Coast of
Coromandel; amongst the mountains it grows to be
a small tree; on the low lands nearer the sea, it is al-
ways aramous shrub, with grey spotted bark. It flow-
ers during the wet season. It is also common in Ben-
gal, Ey
Leaves ternate. Leaflets ovate, pointed, serrate, gene!
ally bubbled, with frequently reflected margins, smooth 00 —
the back ; from two to three inches long, and about one —
and a half broad. Racemes axillary, single, erect, Flowers
numerous, small, white, fascicled. Ma.Lrand HERMA-
PHRODITE flowers mixed on the same — and sometiaiy
on separate ones. TAT
HerMapPuHropireE. Calyx four-leaved, Petals four, uni-
lateral. Nectarial scales lacerated. Filaments very
woolly near the base. Germ superior, two-lobed, with
a single ovula in each, attached to the base of the parti-
tion. Style single. Stigma two-cleft, Berry succulent, ge-
nerally single, the second lobe of the germ, being for the a
most part abortive, obovate, the size of a pea, smooth, : :
bright red, one-celled. Seed conform to the berry. Integu- ’
menis two, the exterior one white, thin, and rather hard e
like parchment, and in general larger than the embry® _
which is closely embraced by the inner brown, rather 3
Ornitrophe. OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. | 267
spongy, somewhat double covering. Perisperm none,
Embryo conform to the seed, folded. Cotyledons two,
sublanceolate, thick, and fleshy. Radicle taper-pointed,
inferior. Male FLowERS exactly like the Hermaphro-
dite, except the pistil, which is wanting, or at most only
the rudiments of one are to be found.
The ripe berries are eaten by the natives. The root is
astringent, and employed by the Telinga physicians in
substance to stop Diarrhoeas.
4. O. glabra. R.
Shrubby, Leaves alternate, ternate; leaflets oblong,
smooth, serrate, with hairy glands in the axills of the
veins. Racemes axillary.
Schmidelia racemosa. Willd. 2. 435.
Usubus triphylla. Burm. ind. 81. t. 32. f. 1.
The species 1 am now describing, was found at Chitta-
gong by Mr. Roxburgh, and by him introduced into
the Botanic garden at Calcutta, where it blossoms in
May, and ripens its seeds in August and September.
Stem nothing that deserves the name, but several,
Spreading branches. Bark somewhat scabrous, with
ferruginous spots. Leaves alternate, ternate, petioled,
Leaflets oblong, subsessile, serrate, the point rather ob-
tuse, having small hairy glands in the axils of the veins
underneath, from two to four inches long, and from one
to two broad. Petioles channelled, smooth, from one to
two inches long, Racemes axillary, solitary, simple,
erect, twice the length of the petioles. Flowers numer-
us, short-pedicelled, collected into little fascicles, ma-
ny of which are male. Bractes minute, acute, one, two,
‘Or three, to each fascicle of flowers. Calyx of two
‘equal pairs of round, permanent leaflets, the inner
Pair much larger. Petals four, placed on one side.
Pposite to the stamens; cuneate, amareinay on the
side ofthe exterior half is a tuft of wool,
Hh2
‘
268 OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Ornitrophe,
yellow, somewhat crescent-shaped gland, between the
petals and stamens, Filamentseight, as long as the petals,
projecting in an ascending direction, woolly. Anthers
roundish, incumbent. Germ superior, two-lobed, &c. as
in serrata. Style short, Stigma two-cleft. Berries one or
two, round, the size of a pea, when ripe red, pulpy. Seed
solitary, the shape of the berry, and nearly the same size.
Embryo as in serrata,
It differs from serrata ; Ist. In being a spreading
shrub, whereas that is erect and very ramous, 2ndly. In
- the young shoots, leaves and raceme being all very
smooth, whereas there they are downy. 3dly. and lastly. :
In the points of the leaves being rather obtuse,there acute.
But in habit the difference is most striking, when seen
growing together.
5. O. Cobbe. Willd. 2. 322.
Shrubby. Leaves ternate; leaflets subsessile, serrate,
downy, the pair ovate, oblong, the terminal one “ie
lanceolar. Racemes axillary, simple, ©
Rhus Cobbe, sp. pl. 382.
I have seen only one dry specimen of this, it was given
me by Dr. Rottler, under its old name (Rhus Cobbe.)
The tender parts of the specimen are very downy, the
leaves narrower, and less deeply serrate than O. serrata,
which it resembles almost exactly in every other res
pect. The flowers are all male, or male hermaphrodite?
and agree so exactly with those of that plant, that =
— mond serve for both.
60. integrifolia. Willd. 2. 322.
~ Leaves alternate; leaflets petioletted, eblaiig entire.
Racemes axillary, sitet, as yar as the peas ons ——
reniform, long-clawed, | pe
A native of the Moluccas.
Scytalia. OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 269
7. O. repanda. R.
Leaves ternate ; leaflets ovate, repand, smooth. Ra-
cemes axillary, compound, shorter than the leaves. Petals
obovate, short-clawed, very woolly on the inside.
A native of the Moluccas,
SCYTALIA. Schreb. gen. n. 671.
Calyx four or five-toothed. Corol none, or of four or
five petals regularly disposed. | Germ superior, two-cell-
ed, two-lobed, cells one-seeded; attachment inferior.
Style two-cleft. Berries two, though rarely more than
one comes to maturity. Embryo erect, without peris-
perm. |
1. 8. Lichi. R.
Polygamous. Leaflets four pair, lanceolate, acute.
Calyx four-parted. Corol none. Fertile germ two-lobed ;
fruit oval, murexed.
| Scytalia Chinensis. Geert. sem. 1, t. 42. f. 2.
Euphoria. Juss. Gen. pl. p. 274.
_ Dimocarpus. Lichi Lour, Cochin Ch. 287. Willd. 2, 346.
. Sapindus edulis, Hort. Kew. 2. p. 30.
Chin. Lichi, or Lee chee.
» This. very famous tree is now common in Bengal. It
Was originally brought from China, Flowering time Fe-
bruary and March. The fruit ripens three months after-
Wards. The trees in Bengal are as yet small, but I have
Seen them in China fully aslarge as a middling sized ash-
tree ; they are also somewhat like it in appearance, with
numerous, spreading branches, and a smooth ash-co-
loured bark. Specimens of this tree have been sent to me
from old trees growing on the Garrow mountains,
_ Leaves alternate, petioled, abruptly-pinnate. Leaflets _
from two to six pair, opposite, short petiolleted, lanceo- ,
late, tapering to a long, fine point, very smooth an¢ =
270 OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Scytalia,
ing on both sides, ofa firm texture, and almost veinless,
from three to six inches long, and about one broad. Pa- —
nicles terminal, large, oval, ramous, erect, or ascending,
according tothe direction of the branch that supports them.
Bractes minute. Flowers small, greenish white, smell ra-
ther offensive, On some trees they are mostly hermaphro-
dite ; while on others mostly male, but as far as I have ©
observed never completely so. ;
HERMAPHRODITE. Calyx spreading, four, rarely five-
lobed ; both sides downy. Corol none. Nectarya large,
fleshy, crenulate gland, into which the stamens and pis-
til are inserted. Filaments from six to eight, short, hairy, —
spreading, Anthers roundish, two-lobed. Germ superi-
or, elevated on a sbort column, two-lobed, hairy, two-
celled, each containing a single ovula, attached to the
inner and lower angle ofthe cell. Style erect, rather
short, hairy. Stigma two-cleft ; divisions revolute, Ber-
ry generally single, though sometimes double, oval, the
size of a pigeon’s egg, covered with a thin, bright red,
murexed bark; next under it is the pulpy aril, which is
of a faint, transparent azure colour, and delicious suba-
cid taste, Seed single, oblong, enveloped by the pulpy
aril, smooth, brown and affixed by the base. Embry@
erect, without perisperm, &c. as described by Gaertner. _
MALe FLoweERs mixed with the hermaphrodite. Ca-
lyx and nectary asin the former. Corol none, Fila-
ments from six to eight, thrice as long as in the herma- — :
phrodite. Germ smaller than in the former and always
abortive, Style very short and entire.
_ Independently of the well known fruit of this tree, , it
is highly ornamental, being one of the most permanent
ever greens we have in India.
2.8. Longan. R. wee
Leaflets four pair, lanceolate, obtuse, paver
ed, fertile germ, often three-lobed, fruit round, beset
cabrous. Cha a Bs Sie eke sal
Scytalia. OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 271
1
Beng. Ash-phul.
Chin. Longan,
Dimocarpus Longam Lour. Cochin Ch. 287.
This is also a tree, and more regular in form than the
preceding species, having a short straight trunk with a
large, very dense, globular head. The leaves are the
same in situation, and composition, but obtuse, some-
what downy on the under side, and with large parallel
veins. Panicles the same. It is also a native of China, as
well as of the mountainous countries which form the
eastern frontier of Bengal. Flowers small, pale yellow-
ish white, male and hermaphrodite, mixed on the same
panicle, -
HERMAPHRODITE. Calyx deeply five-parted, downy
on both sides, Petals five, inserted between the calyx
and nectary, lanceolate, spreading, hairy. Nectary
as in the former. Stamens also the same, but the fila-—
ments much more hairy. Germ superior, and frequently —
three-lobed with a three-cleft style, otherwise as in the
former. Berry single, or double, rarely triple, round,
the size of a large cherry, covered with a brownish-grey,
Scabrous bark. Ail lessin quantity than in the Lichi,
and Jess grateful to the taste, but reckoned very whole-
Some. Seed solitary, round, smooth, and brown, Embryo
as in the Lichi.
“MAue. Calyx corol, and nectary as in the hermaphro-
dite. Filaments long, and very hairy. Pistil, abortive,
&e. as in the Lichi.
The wood of both trees is hard, close-grained and
white ; I do not find that it is yet employed for any purpose
in Bengal:
2, eeaboutah: Ti:
Polygamous. Leaflets two or three pair, oblong or broad |
te. Panicles axillary. Calyx four and five par
ed. Corol none. Berries with dry echinate bark. —
272 OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Scytalia.
Nephelium Cappacum. Linn. Syst. 851, &c.
Dimocarpus crinita Lourier. Cochin Ch. 288.
Mal. Ramboutan, or Rambosteen.
From the Malay Islands it has been introduced into the
Botanic garden at Calcutta.
4.8. rimosa. R,
Polygamous. Leaflets three or four pair, subopposite,
lanceolate. Panicles axillary and terminal. Corol none.
Berries oblong, rimose, tubercled. ;
Tengoori is the vernacular name in Silhet, where the
tree is indigenous and grows toa large size; flowers in
March and April, and the fruit which is generally eaten,
ripens in August.
5. S. rubia, R.
Leaflets four or five pairs, lanceolate.. Panicles termi-
nal, and axillary. Corol of five, smooth, orbicular
tals. Fruit oblong, smooth, purple. :
Lall Koe-pooia is the vernacular name in Sithet,
where the tree is indigenous, and grows to a moderate
size, It blossoms in March ; the fruit ripens in May and :
is eaten by the natives. Bark of the young branch-
es and branchlets rather scabrous. Leaves alternate,
abruptly-pinnate, from one to two feet long. Le&
flets four or five pair, subopposite, lanceolate, entire,
rather smooth, except while very tender, then villous un- %
derneath, from six to twelve inches long, Petioles cylin” 3
dric, rather rough, Panicles terminal, and axillaty,
shorter than the leaves ; ramifications alternate, smooth,
and spreading much, Flowers numerous, small, rosy, or a
purple, according to the age. Bractes small, triangular
Calyx five-leaved ; leaflets unequal, roundish, concave,”
loured. Petals five, round, sessile, concave, smooth in :
every part. Filaments about eight, short, inserted on
the base of the short column which elevates the pistit |
Scytalia. OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, . 273
lum. Anthers linear-oblong, incurvate. Germ superior,
two-lobed, with one ovula in each, attached to the base
of the partition. Style short. Stigma bifid ; segments
recurved. Berries one or two, the size and shape of an
olive, smooth, dark purple; like the fruit of Eugenia jam-
bolana, succulent, one-celled, the purple aril is eaten by
the natives. Seed, solitary, the shape of the berry. Integu-
ments two, exterior, ash-coloured, firm and thin ; interior
brown, softer, and thicker than the exterior. Perisperm
none. Embryo erect. Cotyledons nearly equal. Radicle
inferior, truncated. :
6. S. parviflora, R.
Leaflets about seven, lanceolate, serrate, crenate. Pa-
nicles terminal, Calyx, and Corol of four leaflets, and
petals,
A native of the Moluccas,
~
7.S. oppositifolia. R.
Leaves opposite, unequally pinnate, leaflets from three
to five, lanceolate, remotely serrate, crenate. Panicles
terminal.
A native of the, Malay Islands.
8.S. verticillata, R.
Shrubby. Leaves simple, subverticelled, lanceolar,
Smooth, entire. _Panicles terminal. Petals five, with a
Woolly scale near the base. Germ two-lobed, elevated
°n a receptacle.
‘This pretty shrub, or egal taor was brought to this
_Sarden from the Moluccas, with the spice plants in 1798,
Where it blossoms and ripens its seed at different periods
through the year.
Trunk straight, with many straight branches, and to-
‘ably smooth, brownish bark ; height of the plants, about
“even feet, and are still growing fast. Leaves subver~
ticelled, short-petioled, lanceolate, smooth on bint sides,
fi
274 - .. OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Scytalia.
and entire; about six inches long and about two broad.
Stipules none: Panicles terminal, many crowded to-
gether; also single from the exterior axills, erect, with
numerous diverging ramifications. © Bractes minute, ca-
ducous. Flowers short-pedicelled, small, pale yellow,
with a tinge of red. : Calyx of five, unequal, roundish, con-
cave leaflets.. Petals five, oblong, expanding, each with
one villous, nectarial scale on the inside near the base,
Filaments, about seven, short, erect, inserted on a short
fleshy receptacle, which also elevates the pistil. Anthers
_ erect, Germ superior, on a short fleshy receptacle, two- —
rarely three-lobed ; /obes one-seeded, attached to the bot-
tom of the cell, &c., Style very short, Stigmatwo point -
ed. Berries generally twin, oval, the size of a small cof
fee bean, pulpy, when ripe, orange-coloured, supported
on a short common receptacle. Embryo erect, without
perisperm. hee
9. S. Danura. R.
Shrubby. Leaves simple, broad-lanceolate, with a cor-
date base. Panicles terminal, petals five, with two wool-
ly scales at their base. Germ two-lobed. Style scarcely
any.
Beng. Danoora.
This tree is a native of the Delta of the Ganges and of
the parts to the east of it. Flowering time the beginning ©
of the hot season. ee
Leaves about the extremities of the branchlets, sim"
ple, subsessile, broad-lanceolate, smooth, entire; about @
footlong. Panicies terminal, composed of rather remote,
diverging, compound, ramifications. Flowers numerous,
solitary, pedicelled, of a pale pink colour. Bractes mi-’
nute, one-flowered. Calyx of five, unequal, roundish,
concave leaflets. Corol of five equal, equally disposed,
oval, emarginate, short, clavate petals. Nectary, a double ae
woolly scale at the base of each a on the inside, also i
Schleichera. OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 275
a fleshy, crenulated ring round the germ, in which the
stamens are inserted. Filaments from six to eight, half
the length of the petals. Anthers erect, oblong. Germ
two-lobed. Sty/e rather shorter than the stamens. Stigma
two-parted. In some flowers, (and they are, I suspect,
always barren,) the germ is small, and the style only
a conical point between its lobes. Berries one or two-
celled, the size of a field bean, and juiceless. Seed soli-
tary,.
. It was formerly observed, that I thought it necessary
to keep the first described two species of Scytalia dis-
tinct from the genus Sapindus, on account of the regular
corol, or its entire absence; the same reason prevails
here. To the former, Scytalia, I assign a regular corol
with the stamens equally disposed on all sides ; where-
as to the latter I give an irregular corol, with ascending
filaments,
SCHLEICHERA. Willd.
_Polygamous. Calyx five-toothed. Corol five-petalled,
ornone. Germ superior, three-celled, cells -one-seeded ;
attachment inferior. Capsule berried, entire, or three-
valved. Seeds from one to three, arilled. som ae naked,
without perisperm, curved, erect.
: S. pentapetala, R. a.
_ Leaflets from three tofour pair, subalternate, lanceolate.
Flowers five-petalled. Capsule one-seeded.
A pretty large tree, a native of the forests of Silhet,
where it blossoms in March and April, and the fruit ri-
Pens during the rains. The male tree is there called Koi-
Poora and the hermaphrodite, or fertile tree Poora -Koi.
| This sort is not eaten, the aril, the only edible part, being
Very thin, and insipid.
szotng shoots smooth. Leaves alternate, Bette pin-
1i2 |
276 OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Schleichera,
nate, from six to twelve inches long. Leaflets three or
four pair, subopposite, lanceolate, entire, firm, lucid, ub-
tusely acuminate, from four to eight inches long, and one
or two broad. Petioles round, smooth. Stipules none.
Panicles axillary, rather shorter than the leaves, crowded
with numerous ramifications, and clothed with soft down.
Flowers small, and very numerous, ofa dull yellowish
green. MALE. Calyx five-parted; segments broad-cordate,
a little hairy. Petals five, lanceolate, with two small,
smooth, incurved scales at the base, asin the Sapindi.
Nectary a torulose hairy ring between the insertions of the
petals and filaments. Filaments seven or eight, the length
of the petals, or longer. Anthers two-lobed. Germ an ob-
long gland.
HERMAPHRODITE and MALE flowers on a separate
tree. Calyx, corol, and nectary of the hermaphrodite,
like those of the male. Filaments shorter, but the an-
thers as inthe male. Germ oblong, three-celled, with
one ovula in each, attached to the bottom of its cell.
Style scarcely any. Stigma of three recurved lobes.
Capsule the size of a black currant; tapering intoa
pedicel at the base, marked with three sutures on the out
_ side, generally one-celled, three-valved ; the valves con-
taining little cells filled with a fragrant balsam. Seed
generally solitary, the size of a small pea, round, envelop-
ed in a thin, succulent aril. Integuments single, smooth,
brown. Perisperm none. Embryo curved, erect, greea-
ish, Cotyledons uncqual, one-curved, the other, viz. the
inferior one, doubled. Radicle conical, curved, ee So
its apex touching one side of the umbilicus.
The seed vessel of my other species, S. trijuga. Willd
A, 1096. Koon. Geert. sem. 2. 486. t. 180. does not opel
spontaneously as inthis, and sometimes contains three
seeds, enveloped in a thick, succulent, subacid, edible
aril. The proper integument is there also single; nor is”
Schleichera. OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 277
there any perisperm, but both the cotyledons are doubled,
and equally long.
2. S. trijuga, Willd. 4. 1096.
Leaflets three pair, lanceolate. Flowers apetalous.
Koon. Geert. sem. 2. p. 486. t. 180. f. 11. 3
Cing. Coughas.
~ Tam, Zolim-buriki.
Teling. May, or Roatangha.
A stout, handsome middling sized tree, a native of va-
rious parts of India. Flowers aboutFebruary. The fruit
ripens in May. It is allied to Melicocca, and Scytalia,
probably not sufficiently removed from the former to au-
thorize its forming a new genus. The pulpy subacid aril,
is edible, and palatable.
Leaves about the extremities of the branchlets, abrupt-
ly pinnate, from eight to sixteen incheslong. Leaflets
from two to four pair, opposite, sessile, broad-lanceo-
late, or oblong, entire, pretty smooth on both sides ; the
lower pairs the smallest ; from three to eight inches long.
Petioles a little downy, from six to sixteen inches long.
Stipules wanting. Racemes axillary, or below the leaves,
found the base of the young shoots, solitary ; in the male
Simple ; in the hermaphrodite often compound ; from two
to four inches long.
Maur. Calyx cup-formed, five-toothed. Corol none.
Filaments from six to ten, erect, many times longer than
the calyx. Anthers oval, erect, Pistil, merely the radi-
ment of one. —
_Hermapnropire flowers ona separate tree, Calyx
as in the male. Corol none. Nectary a fleshy, yellow ring.
surrounding the insertions of the filaments. Stamens as
in the male, Germ superior, ovate, three-celled, with one
ovula i in each, attached to the bottom of the cell. Style
short, Stigma three-cleft, recurved, slender, d 1y-
278 OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. — Sapindus,
Drupe the size of a nutmeg, a little pointed, covered with
a tender, dry, grey bark.-Seeds one, two or three, oblong,
smooth, at the base obliquely truncate, and there affixed,
each surrounded with its proper whitish, pulpy aril,
which is of a pleasant acid taste, and is most grateful
during dry weather. Embryo doubled, with inferior ra-
dicle and no perisperm.
The bark is astringent, rubbed up with oil, the natives
of these parts use it to cure the itch. The wood is hard,
and employed for many purposes by the natives.
SAPINDUS.
Calyx from four to five leaves. Corol from four to five
petalled, in some unilateral. | Germ superior, three cell-
ed, cells one-seeded ; attachment inferior. Berries three.
superior, more or less united. Seed solitary. Embry0
erect, curved, or straight, no perisperm.
1. S. laurifolius. Willd. 2. 469. Vahl. symb. 3. 54.
- Leaflets three-pair, ovate, lanceolate. smooth, rachis
simple. Panicles terminal. Petals five, lanceolar, equally
woolly all over the inside.
A stout, very shady tree, a native of various parts of
India. Flowering time December; the seed ripens in
April. ;
Trunk straight, when full grown as_ thick as a man’s
body. Bark, a mixture of ash and olive colour, Bran
ches numerous, spreading much in every direction. Leaves
alternate, abruptly pinnate. Leaflets three pair, though
sometimes next to the panicles two pair, obliquely ovate
lanceolate, taper-pointed, entire and smooth on_ both
sides ; veins elevated and whitish ; from four to six
inches long, Petioles round. Petiolets short and rugos®
Panicles terminal, broad-ovate, large, and very ramous 5
ramification rather scaly, Bractes minute. Flowers,
Sapindus. OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 279
numerous, small, short-pedicelled, dull white. Calyx
five-leaved ; leaflets oval, villous on the outside, and mar-
gin. Petals five, lanceolar, equally woolly over the whole
of the inside, and without any appearance of the nec-
tarial scales on the base, or margin, as in all the other
species described by me, clothed on the outside with ap-
pressed brown hairs. Filaments woolly, shorter than the
germ, and inserted between it and the five-lobed, hairy re- ©
_ ceptacle... Germ three-lobed, very hairy, three-celled, with
one ovula in each, attached to the bottom of the axis. Style
simple, _ Stigma three-toothed. Berries three, united,
singly, the size of a cherry, when ripe soft, and of a yel-
lowish-green colour, with a few brown. hairs scattered
over them ; one-celled. Seed round-obovate. Integuments
two, the exterior one thick, tough and hard, smooth and
black ; the inner one membranaceous. Perisperm none.
Embryo conform to the seed, uncinate. Cotyledons un-
equal, thick, firm, fleshy, spirally incurvate, colored with
atinge of green. Radicle inferior, linear, lodged at the
base of the seed, pointing to the lower and inner angle.
The berries are saponaceous, and used with those of
the other species of the same nature.
2. S. emarginatus. Vahl. symb. 3, 54. Willd. 2. 469.
Leaflets two or three pair, oblong, retuse, or emar-
ginate. Panicles terminal. Calyx and Corol of five equal,
regularly disposed leaflets, and petals, with a woolly scale
on each side of the latter.
- Beng. Bura-reetha.
Teling. Konkoodoo.
A handsome, middling-sized tree, ik a short trunk,
and very large, dense, spreading head, decorated with
beautiful thick, deep green foliage the whole year. Flow-
ering time in Bengal, October ; the seeds ripen in April,
Leaves alternate, abruptly pinnate, from six to ten inch-
es long, Tn generally two pair, opposite, short-petio- ?
280 OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Sapindus,
letted, oblong, with entire margins, and rounded emargi-
nate apex, smooth, of a shining deep-green. and downy
underneath. Petioles round, villous. Stipules none. Pa-
nicles terminal, crowded with numerous ramifications of
small, whitish, inodorous blossoms. Bractes small, cadu-
cous. Calyx of five, equal, oblong leaflets. Petals five,
equal, regularly disposed, oblong, or lanceolate, outside
hairy; with two inflected woolly tufts on their margin
near the middle. As in most, if not all, the other species,
there is a notched, fleshy, hairy ring between the inser-
tion of the petals and stamina. Filaments eight, short,
woolly. Anthers two-lobed. Pericarp, drupes from one te
four, though three is the most common number, slightly
conjoined, singly, somewhat of an oblique-ovate shape, —
with an elevation running from the base to the apex on
the outside, smooth until wrinkled by age in drying, lined
on the inside with a smooth, tough membrane, except
round the insertion of the seed, and there hairy, as in S.
detergens. Seeds, or nuts solitary, round, smooth, dark-
coloured, indeed almost black ; size of a large marrow-fat
pea, unilocular thick and exceedingly hard. ,
The leaflets in this species are always very obtuse,
and generally emarginate ; this circumstance, together
with a calyx, and corol of five parts, induces me to think
Gertner’s Sapindus rigida, p. 341. 70. f. 3, must ~ aD
other species.
, ‘
3. S. detergens. R.
Polygamous. Leaflets from four to five pair, subalternate
obliquely oyate-oblong, obtuse. Petioles simple. Flowers
' panicled. Caljces, and corols of five, equal, regularly —
disposed leaflets, and petals. . Pret
Hind. and Beng. Reetha. | iii
Sans. Urista, :
I have found this tree ee in Bengal, though a native
Sapindus. OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 281
ef most parts of India. Flowering time the beginning of
the hot season.
Trunk straight; branches also nearly erect, and few of
them. Bark smooth, and ash-coloured; height of the tree
generally about twenty feet. Leaves alternate, about the
ends of the branchlets alternately pinnate ; from six to
twelve inches long. . Leaflets subalternate, from eight to
twelve in number, or from four to six pair, entire, ob-
liquely lanceolate, oblong, smooth on both sides, and a-
bout four inches long. Petioles common, round, flexuose,
smooth, Panicles terminal, and from the exterior axils, -
diffuse, composed of diverging, compound ramifications,
Calyx five-leaved. Petals five, equal, and regular. Nec-
tary, two woolly scales near the base of each petal. Sta-
mens six or eight; filaments woolly. Germ three-sided,
_ Sitting, with the stamens, on a large glandular recepta-
cle, Style single and short. Drupes generally solitary,
_ Seldom more than one coming to maturity, one-celled,
subglobular, very smooth, and yellow, with a pretty large
tidge round the base on the outside, the inside mark-
ed with the two abortive lobes of the germ. Nuf solitary,
round, and smooth, aflixed to the inside of its cells, where
a considerable quantity of woolly fibres intervene.
With the pulp of the fruit the Hindoos wash linen, &c.
In January, 1808, a healthy young tree of about twen-
ty feet in height, reared from seed, received from North
_ America, under the name Sapindus Saponaria, flower-
ed abundantly, and ripened many seeds. It differs from
my detergens ; Ast. in being a larger tree, and more ra-
mous, 2nd. In the leaflets being acute, and lanceolar,
_thatis taper at each end. 3rd. In the calyx, and corol
Consisting of six parts each, which are round, and shorter
than the germ ; and in’the petals being without the two
Woolly scales, so conspicuous in detergens, 1 therefore
Conclude they are distinct species, and doubt if ihe a .
Jj
282 OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Sapindus,
rican tree is to be found indigenous in India, probany
not in Asia,
4. §. squamosus. R.
Leaves pinnate ; leaflets about three-pair, sub-opposite,
obliquely ovate, lanceolate, acute, polished, entire. Pa-
nicles axillary and terminal. Petals five, regular, with
two very large woolly scales. | Filaments and Germs
woolly.
. gathered on the Island of Nasau-lant.
Young shoots straight, round, and -a little ville
Leaves alternate, pinnate, sometimes abruptly, sometimes
unequally, about six incheslong. Leaflets about three paits _
sub-opposite, short-petioletted, obliquely ovate-lanceo-
_ late, rather unequally divided by the nerve, entire, acute,
firm and polished, about three inches long. Petioles
round, villous. Panicles axillary, and terminal, the length
of the leaves, Flowers numerous, small. Calyx five-cleft,
hairy. Petals five, equal. Nectarial scales very large, and
very woolly. Filaments eight, equally disposed, woolly,
inserted on the inner edge of a glandular ring which sepa-
rates them from the petals. Germ woolly. ere
5. S. longifolius. Willd. 2. 469,
Leaflets from four to eight pair, subalternate, short:pe- .
tioletted, entire, linear-lanceolate, obtuse, the most infe-
rior pair or two oblong. Panicles terminal. Corol esties i
five-petalled.
_ A native of the Moluccas.
6. S. sgibiginosus, Willd..2. 469. R. Corom. pl. 1.N. 62»
Arboreous, unarmed. Leaves abruptly pinnate ; leaflets
from four to five pair, lanceolate, villous. Panicles te
minal. _Calyces five-leaved. _Corol four-petalled, ae :
and Sone single. Berries distinct, oblong.
A native of the Malay Archipelago ; my specimens were
“ !
Sapindus. OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 283
‘Teling. Ishee-rashee. __
A large timber tree, a native of the mountainous parts
of the Circars. It flowers about the beginning of the hot
season.
Trunk perfectly erect, of considerable length and
thickness. Branches numerous, ascending. Branchlets
clothed with ferruginous pubescence. Leaves alternate,
abruptly pinnate, about afoot long. Leaflets opposite,
from four to six pair, sublanceolar, entire, above smooth,
downy underneath; from three to six inches long, and
from one to two broad. Petioles round, downy, endingin a
downy bristle. Panicles terminal, large, erect, composed
of simple racemes. Calyx five-leaved. Petals four, placed
on the upper side, an entirely woolly scale arises from the
base on the inside of each. Style single, ascending, short-
erthan the stamens, Berries three when all come to per-
fection, which is rarely the case, singly oblong, one-celled. .
The wood of this tree is very useful for a great variety
of purposes ; being large, straight, strong, and durable,
towards the centre it is chocolate-coloured.
7. S. fruticosus. R.
Shrubby. Leaflets from three to four pair, lanceolar,
With an orbicular pair inserted on the base of the com-
mon petiole, Petals with small woolly scales at the base.
It is a native of the Moluccas, and from thence intro-
duced into the Botanic garden at Calcutta in 1798,where -
it blossoms in March, and the fruit ripens in May and
June. :
The plants are as yet (1809) but small, but with an
erect trunk, covered with smooth ash-coloured bark.
The branches are few, weak, and much bent, even so
88 to be cernuus.
Leaves abruptly pinnate, about a foot long. Leaflets
three or four pair, generally alternate, subsessile, lance- _
lar, entire, of a firm texture, and smooth on both sides; _
jj2 ata ee
284 OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Sapindus.
from three to six inches long, (the exterior largest,) and
from one to two inches broad. Petioles round, smooth,
Stipules, or inferior pair of leaflets very remarkable,
smooth, round cordate, inserted on opposite sides .of the
base of the common petiole, Inflorescence for the most
part axillary racemes, though sometimes terminal pa-
nicles, composed of but few, expanding ramifications.
Flowers small, with a ferruginous calyx, and white corol.
Bractes solitary, one-flowered, subulate., Calyx of four -
smooth, suborbicular, ferruginous leaflets. Petals four,
suborbicular, rather larger than the calyx, near the base
of each is a double tuft of wool. Filaments eight, shorter
than the corol, inserted into a woolly receptacle, which
also receives the base of the germ. Anthers ovate.
Germ superior, two or three-lobed, from two to three
celled, each containing one ovula attached to the bottom
of the cell. Style none. Stigma large, glandular, two-
lobed. Berry two or three-lobed, size of a small cherry,
of a bright, smooth, shining black colour, the pulp isin
large proportion, and of a pleasant sweetish astringent
taste. Seeds one in each lobe of the berry. Embryo
erect, without a perisperm.
8. S. serratus. R.
Leaflets numerous, alternate, lanceolate, serrate ; 74>
chis simple. Panicles subterminal. Petals five, regulat,
with two very hairy clavate scales near the base.
A native of the Moluccas.
Polygonum, OCTANDRIA TRIGYNIA. . 286-
OCTANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
POLYGONUM. Schreb. gen. n. 677.
Calyx none. Corol ig abi resembling a calyx.
Seed solitary.
Sect, Style two-cleft. Seed without angles.
1. P. nutans. R.
Annual, suberect, ramous. Leaves lanceolate. Sti-
pules not bearded. Corols four-cleft. Stamens five.
Styles two, Seed roundish, compressed. .
Several plants came up accidentally in the Botanic
garden at Calcutta, but from whence the seed came I —
cannot be certain.
Stem short, erect, soon dividing into any: first spread-
ing, then ascending branches, covered with red bark,
and maculated with still darker red, with a few short,
white, stiff hairs, scattered over every part, as also over
the underside of the nerves of the leaves, Leaves short-
petioled, lanceolate, margins a little curled, and some-
what waved. Stipules membranaceots, smooth, trun-
cated, not ciliate. Racemes terminal, and from the ex-
terior axils, cylindric, nodding, most completely covered
_ With numerous, small, white flowers. Bractes somewhat
fringed. Corols four-cleft, opposite ; divisions a little
Unequal. Stamens five. Styles two. Seed roundish,
Pointed, much compressed, smooth.
2. P. lanatum. R.
' Procumbent, with erect branches, Leaves linear-lan-
ceolate, woolly; sheathes lacerated. Corol four-cleft.
Styles two-cleft, Stamens six. Seeds rod, compressed. —
Beng, Swet-panee-murich.
Annual, growing in ditches, &c. near Chea Aino
fowering during the rains. |
286 OCTANDRIA TRIGYNIA- Polygonum.
Stems herbaceous, jointed, below procumbent, and
striking root from the joints that rest on the ground ; a-
bove erect, internally of a deep red colour, particularly at
the joints, height various, Leaves short-petidled, narrow-
lanceolate, entire, hoary underneath, long and about
one inch broad, withering on the plant. Stipules nearly as
long as the joints, striated, woolly, having their mouths
lacerated, but not bearded. Racemes terminal, peduncled,
erect,crowded with numerous, small,whiteflowers. Bractes
many-flowered, &c. as in the other species. Calyx four-
parted. Stamens six, Style two cleft. Seed round, point-
ed, much compressed, smooth, ofa shining brown colour, _
3. P. pilosum. R.
Erect, annual, hairy. Leaves jong -petioled, ovate-cor-
date, downy; the mouth of the sheaths spreading open.
Style two-cleft. Stamens from seven to eight. Seeds —
round, compressed, and somewhat thin at theedge.
Beng. Bura-panee-murich.
Lagunea Cochin Chinensis. Lourier Flor. Cochin Ch. ;
Colimén near Calcutta, on the Wrditi of such stoi
as are inundated during the rains. Flowering time the
beginning of the wet season, 6 ins
Stems annual, suberect, branchy, the whole plant from”
two to four feet high, and covered with many soft greyish”
hairs. Leaves alternate, petioled, ovate-cordate, decurrent
on the petiole, pointed, entire, both sides covered with |
"much soft down, six inches long, and three broad. Peti-
oles two inches long, inserted into the stipules. Stipules
sheathing, hairy, striated, truncated, having the mouths _
ciliated, sometimes expanded, sometimes closely embrac-_
ing the stem. _ Racemes long-peduncled, crowded with,
small white flowers. Stamens seven, five in the fissures ;
of the corol, and two embracing the germ. Style half two-
cleft. Stigmas iii: Seed round, compressed, smooth,
brown, “ :
Polygonum.. OCTANDRIA TRIGYNIA. 287
Note. The ends of the succulent branches, after being
wetted became covered with a clear thick gluten.
4, P. tomentosum. Willd. 2. 447.
Annual, suberect. Leaves lanceolar, silky ; sheaths and
bractes bearded. Stamens seven or eight. Stigma two-
cleft, Seed round.
Teling.. Yeatee-mallier.
Persicaria maderaspatana. Pluk. t. 210. f. 7. good.
This plant is annual, a native of ditches, rivulets, &c.
appearing during the wet season,
Stems several, below procumbent, and there rooting at
the joints, above erect, jointed, with but few branches ;
from two to four feet high. Leaves broad-lanceolar, short-
petioled, silky, entire ; from four to six inches long, and
from one to two broad. Stipules long, sheathing the stem,
with the petioles issuing from it a little above its base,
lobed, having the mouth bearded. Racemes (generally
from three to five,) terminal, or from the exterior axills,
erect, peduncled, hairy. Bractes a large exterior one at
each joint, which embraces the rachis,and fascicle of flow-
ets ; this is unequally lobed, and its mouth much bearded ;
besides this there is another common one which embraces
the fascicle of flowers only ; within it each flower has its
proper bracte, these are not bearded. Flowers numerous,
Small, white, from six to eight at each joint, or set of
bractes, but always expanding in succession. Stamens
seven or eight, Style two-cleft, shorter than the stamens.
Seed round, compressed, not in the least angular.
Cattle eat it greedily.
5. P. glabrum. Willd. 2. 447.
Annual, suberect, smooth, reddish. Leaves gatrow-lans
ceolar. Stipules alittle ragged. Stamens seven, Style three-
cleft, Seed round. :
Schovanna mudela muccu. Rheed, Mal. 12. t. 77.
‘Annual, a native of the same places as the other sf
a®
288 OCTANDRIA TRIGYNIA, Polygonum,
are, but less common, It is a much more elegant, deli-
cate looking plant.
Stems as in the last species, but deeply tinged with red,
Leaves short-petioled, linear-lanceolar, tapering much
towards each end, smooth on both sides, entire, from five
toseven inches long. Stipules sheathing, lobed, short,
smooth, adhering firmly to the stem ; mouth a little rag-
ged, but not ciliated. Racemes as in P. tomentosum, but .
longer, slender and smooth. Bractes as in the former, but
without a beard. Flowers numerous, rose-coloured, three
or four in each set of bractes, appearing in succession,
heptandrous. Style three-cleft, twice as long as the sta-
mens. Seed ovate, compressed, not in the least angular.
6. P. perfoliatum. Willd. 2, 454. )
Prickly, scandent, perennial. Leaves triangular. St
pules ample, round-oval, spreading, perfoliate. Stylethree-
cleft. Seed round. .
A native of various parts of India. From Nepal the
seeds were sent by Dr. Buchanan to the Botanic garden
at Calcutta, where the plants thrive well, and blossom
most part of the year.
Stems and branches slender, scandent to a considems
ble extent, armed with numerous, acute, recurved pric-
kles, but without pubescence. Leaves long-petioled,
somewhat peltate, triangular, entire smooth on both
sides, except a few, very minute prickles on the ul-
derside of the nerve and veins; size various, from one
to three inches each way. Petioles as long as the leaves,
armed, Stipules large, round, oval, surrounding the
branch, or branchlet immediately within the insertion
of the leaves ; smooth and unarmed. Spikes terminal,
solitary. Bractes cordate, spike-clasping. Stamens
from eight to ten. Style three-cleft, “Seed round, smooth,
shining black, hid in the enlarged, livid, fleshy caly%,
and in that state appear a berry.
- It is probably a Coccoloba.
|
oe. ead
Polygonum. OCTANDRIA TRIGYNIA. ; 289
7. P. chinense. Willd. 2. 453.
Scandent, flexuose. Leaves oblong, with tanelie
base. Bractes ear-shaped. Peduncles terminal, sub-
panicled ; flowers in globular pedicelled heads.
A native of the eastern parts of Bengal. Flowers in
February, March, and April.
8. P. cymosum. R.
' Shrubby, scandent, ramous. Leaves ovate-lanceclate, —
entire, acute, smooth. Cymes terminal ; flowers in small
heads, octandrous.
A native of Chittagong, where it flowers in April.
Sect. 2. Style three-cleft. Seed three-sided.
9. P. tenellum. R.
Annual, flaccid, ramous. Leaves lanceolar, with beard-
ed sheaths. Racemes filiform, fascicles of flowers remote.
Tube of the corol internally ribbed. Stamens from seven
tocight. Styles three. Seed three-sided.
’ Found in ditches, &c. low wet places all over Bengal,
Flowering time the rainy season.
Root fibrous, often biennial, if not perennial. Stems
several, ramous, weak and straggling, slender, and
Smooth. Leaves subsessile, lanceolar, entire, smooth.
Stipules on the outside furrowed, otherwise smooth, hay-
ing their mouths crowned with long distinct filaments.
Racemes terminal, often subpanicled, filiform. Bractes
tather remote, obliquely truncated, ciliate, outside glan-
dular. Flowers small, white. Corol, the mouth of its tube
Contracted with ridges, alternate, with the insertions
Of the filaments. Stamens eight. Styles three. Seed
three-sided. !
° .
10. P. barbatum. Willd. 2. 447. oe
Branches erect, ramous, smooth. Leaves lanceolar, :
Smooth. Stipules bearded, and hairy. Tage,
Kk
290 OCTANDRIA TRIGYNIA. Polygonum.
with fascicles of flowers rather remote. © Stamens eight.
Style three-cleft. Seed three-sided.
Teling. Kunda-malilier.
Itisa native of moist, or wet places amongst the
mountains.
Stems several, erect, ramous, slender, smooth, from
three to four feet high, joints a little swelled. Leaves
short-petioled, lanceolar, smooth, from three to five in-
ches long. Stipules as long asin P. tomentosum, mouth
much ciliate, the whole outside hairy. Racemes terminal,
long, twiggy, short-peduncled ; fascicles of flowers rather
remote. Bractes as in the former species, the exterior
one ciliate and hairy. Flowers rose colour, numerous,
in succession from the same set of bractes, octandrous.
Style three-cleft, length of the stamens. Seed three-sid-
ed.
Cattle are fond of all these four species, ee
11. P. rivulare.. Kon. Mss. ay
Annual ; branches erect. Leaves narrow-lanceolate,
pretty aoa. Stamens eight. Style three-cleft, Seed
three-sided. ill
Velutta modela muccu. Rheed. Mal. 12. t, 76.
_ Annual, a native of similar places with the last two
species, has nearly the same appearance and habit, _ but
is rather more slender than even P. glabrum. pigne
Leaves narrow-lanceolate, entire, pretty smooth ; from
five to sixincheslong. Stipules short, obliquely | lobe
much ciliate. | Racemesas in the last described spe®
Bractes as in the former two, the exterior one is here
bearded. Flowers numerous, crowded, from three to four
to the set of bractes, also in succession. Stamens eight
Style three-cleft, twice as long as the stamens. ;
three-sided.
Note. The three-sided seed and three-cleft te i as a
tinguish it from P, tomentosum. : .
Polygonum. OCTANDRIA TRIGYNIA. ' 291
a2. PB; flaccidum. R,
Annual, flaccid, smooth, Leaves lanceolate, with cor-
date base, smooth. Stipules long, ciliate. Stamens eight.
Style three-cleft, Seed three-sided.
Beng. Panee-murich. 4
A native of ditches, &c. near Calcutta; flowering time
ae wet season,
_ Stem scarcely any, but many, slender, straggling,
etiaate jointed, round branches. Leaves sessile, from the
base of the stipules, lanceolate, with the base cordate, en-
tire, and smooth on both.sides ; from one to six inches long,
Stipules, bristles on the outside; mouths long ciliate.
Racemes terminal, subcylindric, crowded with small,
white flowers. Bractes ciliate. Stamens eight. Style half
three-cleft. Seed three-sided, smooth, of a dark brown
colour,
13. P. elegans. R.
Perennial, prostrate, Leaves lanceolar. Flowers axilla-
ty, crowded. Stamens eight. Stigma three-cleft. Seed
three-sided.
_ A native of dry, uncultivated ground, aj i eee and
flowering chiefly in the dry season,
Root simple, very long, yellow. Stems numerous, pros-
trate, from six to twelve inches long. Branches numerous,
bifarious. Leaves alternate, bifarious, very short-petiol-
ed, lanceolar, dotted with small glandular points, smooth,
Margins red ; about halfan inch long. Stipules sheathing,
membranaceous;mouth torn, and ciliated. Bractes sheath-
ing, membranaceous. Flowers axillary, peduncled,
small, tose-coloured, octandrous. Calyx, the three inte-
rior divisions obtuse, the two exterior pointed. Styles
three, very short. — three-sided, with sharp red
14, P. horridum. Tick,
; dent, angular; the angles armed with
sharp aculei, Leaves sessile, linear, with a cordat
Kk2
292 OCTANDRIA TRIGYNIA. | Coccoloba.
sheaths fringed. Spikes terminal, subcylindric subpani-
cled.
A native of the eastern parts of Bengal.
15. P. fagopyrum. Willd. 2. 455.
Stem nearly erect, unarmed. Leaves petioled, cordate,
sagittate, Flowers in loose spikes; angles of the seed
equal. es .
- Found cultivated all over the mountainous countries
north of Bengal, Oude, &c.
COCCOLOBA. Schreb. gen. n. 678.
Calyx beneath, five-parted, coloured. Corol none.
Berry calycine, one-seeded.
C. crispata. Buch.
Perennial. Leaves short-petioled, ovate-oblong, mat- ~
gins finely curled, smooth; sheaths membranaceous,
truncate, Panicles terminal, composed of numerous:
heads, on glandular peduncles. ee
A native of Nepal. In the Botanic garden at Calcut-
ta it blossoms during the cold season. a.
CARDIOSPERM UM. Schreb. gen. n. 680. ee
Calyx from four to five-leaved. | Corol four-petalled.
Nectary four leaved, unequal. Capsules three, united, } in-
flated. Seed solitary, globular. |
C. halicacabum. Willd. 9. of ge
Scandent, five-sceded. Leaves compound, gashed,
smooth. Tendrils umbelliferous.
Sung. J yotishmutee.
Beng. Noaphutki Sibjhool.
Teling. Nalla goolisienda. |
_ Very common all over the southern ama of ina 2
in lower, ad eed allthe year os See
r
Odina, OCTANDRIA TETRAGYNIA, 293
OCTANDRIA TETRAGYNIA.
‘ ODINA. R.
PoLycamous. HERMAPHRODITE. Calyx four-tooth-
ed. Corol four-petalled. Germ one-celled, ovula single,
pendulous. Drupe superior, one-seeded. Embryo in-'
verse, without perisperm.
“Mat. Calyx and Corol, as in the Hermaphrodite.
» O. wodier. R.
‘+ Sang. Jeevula.
Beng. Siyal.
Teling. Gampina.
Hind, Kushmulla, Kashmulla, Kimul, &c.
It is a very large tree, a native of most mountainous
parts of the coast, Bengal, &c. it is also frequently found
in a cultivated. state, chiefly about Madras where the
sides of the roads are lined with them. It srows readily
from cuttings, which is I believe, the chief inducement
for employing it ; for it is without leaves from the begin-
ning of the year, till April or May, a season when shade
is particularly wanted, for after that the weather, in ge-
heral, becomes more clouded. Flowering time March and
April, when it is perfectly naked of leaves. Nor could
the flowers be any inducement to have it near the hous-
€s; in short there is nothing in its favor, but its growing
easily and quickly. |
The following description is taken from the tree in its
wild state amongst the Circar mountains, —
Trunk straight to the branches, of no great height but
Very thick. Bark pretty smooth, ash-coloured. Branches
numerous, the lower spreading, the upper ones disposed in
every direction. In a cultivated state it is generally prun-
€d very close once in two or three years, which makes the a :
ches shoot more erect, but takes ane from: :
294 ss @OTANDRIA TETRAGYNIA. Odina.
tive beauty of the tree, and renders the shade when in
foliage much less extensive, than in its natural state.
Leaves alternate, about the ends of the branchlets, pin-
nate with an odd one, from twelve to eighteen inches
long. Leaflets generally three or four pair, opposite, ses-
sile, oblong, ovate, pointed, smooth, entire ; about five in-
ches long, and two broad, the exterior ones largest, Ra-
cemes terminal, filiform, pendulous if long, which they ge-
nerally are, if short spreading. Bractes minute, falling,
Flowers small, purple, inodorous,
In general the Hermaphrodite and Male flowers (there
are no other sort that ever I saw,) are on the same tree, .
and even mixed on the same racemes ; the male are by far
the most numerous ; sometimes but fafely they are ona
separate tree. gee
HeeMarnropirs. Calyx four-toothed, small, perma-
nent. Petals four, oblong, concave, spreading. Filaments
eight, spreading, rather shorter than the petals. Anther$
ovate. Germ superior, oblong, one-celled, containing
one ovula, attached to the top of the cell. Styles four, ae
‘short, erect, Stigmas simple. Drupe kidney-form, smooth,
the size of a large french bean, when ripe red, one-celled.
Nut the shape of the berry, one-celled. Seed conform t0
the nut; no perisperm. Embryo inverse,curved.
Mate. Calyx, Corol, and Stamens as in the hermaphro-
dite. Pistil the rudiments of a germ, with a short, four
toothed style.
The wood.of old trees is close grained, of a deep | ae
dish mahogany colour towards the centre. This colou!
ed part is serviceable for many uses, and looks well. The
white wood is fit for no use that I know of. Ze
‘From wounds in the bark there issues a gum, which, .
when dry, is much like pieces of dry glue ; but I know %
no use it is put to. ) i
This is the tree Dr. Anderson calls Wodur in} his
cellanies, 202 @ogeeeviae G2 oats tion jeeun ener
CLASS IX.
ENNEANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
LAURUS. Schreb. gen. n. 688.
~ Calyx one-leaved, six-cleft. Corol none. Anthers four-
celled. Germ superior, one-celled ; attachment superior.
Berry superior, one-seeded. Embryo inverse, without
perisperm, ‘tiga
SECT. 1. Leaves opposite.
1. L. Cinnamomum. Willd. 2. 477.
Leaves opposite, ovate-oblong, three-nerved. Panicles
terminal, with the extreme ramifications three-flowered.
Nectarial glands sagittate.
-Cinnamomum foliis latis, &c. Burm. zeyl. 62. t. 27.
Kasse Koronde of the same.
-Dar-cheeni, often pronounced dal-cheeni, the Persian,
Hindee and Bengalee name of Cinnamon. Twuk-putra,
Ootkuta, Bhriga, Twucha, Chocha, Vuranguka, are some
of the numerous Sanscrit names of Cinnamon, and Dr,
Carey says the last three are also given to the bark of
urus Cassia, commonly called Cassia lignea, or Cas-
sia bark. LF Ra Pee Cet
This well known tree seems still to require a little
illustration, particularly as there are no doubt several
Vatieties, if not species, included under this name,
n General Hay Macdowall was in command on the
Island of Ceylon, he sent to the Botanic garden at Cal-
Cutta in 1801, several plants of the first, or best sort ;
called by the Cingalese Kasse Koronde. ‘These plants ©
have now, 1810, attained to the height of twenty
feet ; the trunk is short, and from sixteen to eis ate Z Sd
26 * ENNEANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Laurus,
inches in circumference. The bark thereof scabrous,
and considerably cracked in various directions, that
of the younger parts smooth. The head remarkably ra- i
mous, large, and dense, for the last three or four years S
they have flowered freely during the monthsof January and
February ; and ripened abundance of berries. It isfrom
these the following description wastaken. The drawing
and description, No. 1058,* was made from young trees,
which were reared by me at Samulkota, from the seeds of
the trees growing in Tinnevellee, near Palamkotta, which
were procured from Ceylon in 1781 or 1782, and which
differ from this in the leaves being much narrower at the
base, in short, broad-lanceolar, and the three nectarial
glands clavate. - The sort introduced into Bengal by Mr.
Hastings, between thirty and forty years ago is of this
narrow leaved inferior kind. 7
Descriptions of Kasse Koronde.
‘Leaves opposite, rarely sub-opposite, short-petioled,
ovate-oblong, entire, rather obtuse ; texture hard, surfa
ces polished, the three nerves often uniting a little above
the base, and the lateral two vanishing beyond the middle
of the leaves ; from four to six inches long, and from ope
and a half to three broad. Petioles about half an inch
Jong, smooth, and channelled. Paniclesterminal ; the large
ramifications opposite, expanding,the extreme ones three- e
flowered, all more or less four-sided, and smooth. Flow- S
ers numerous, small, greenish-white, smell rather offensive:
Bractes minute, caducous. Calyx six-cleft ; base entire,
embracing the germ ; border divided into six, oblons> os
slightly villous segments, the three exterior rather proad- ;
er, all are permanent and from a cupula, or small cup #! in 2
which the berry sits, as in the common oak. Corol no ie
ther than the last described body. Filaments nine, the sis .
exterior inserted on the base of the segments of the cal
- Sent to the Honourable the Court of Directors:
Laurus. ENNEANDRIA MONOGYNIA, * 27
and without glands, the other three have a conglobate
gland on each side, and alternate with the three short
pedicelled, sagittate, nectarial bodies, inserted a little’
_ lower down, Anthers four-lobed, &c. as in the other spe-
cies. | Germ ovate, one-celled, containing one ovula, at-
tached to the top of the cell. Style length of the sta-
mina. Stigma three-lobed. Berries oblong-oval, smooth,
succulent, when ripe, dark blackish purple, the size of a
field-bean, one-celled, one-seeded. Seed conform to the
berry. Perisperm none. Embryo inverse. Cotyledons ob-
long, fleshy. Plumula two-lobed. Radicle ovate, supe-
rior.
2. L. malabathrica. Soland. Mss.
Leaves oblong, three-nerved, with the lateral nerves
distinct to the very apex. Panicles terminal.
Katou-karua. Rheed. Mal. 5. t. 53.
A native of the Malabar mountains.
3, L. cassia, Willd. 2. 477.
Leaves subopposite, lanceolar, triple nerved. Panicles
axillary with simple, three-flowered ramifications. Nec-
tarial glands sagittate, Stigma triangular.
Sans. Twuk-putra.
Tej-pat the Hindoo name of the leaves.
Carua, Rheed. Mal. 1. t. 57.
Cinnamomum perpetuo florens of Burm. Zeyl. L 28, is
too broad in the leaf, and too ovate for this, and seems to
_ ‘Me to agree better with my next species L. multiflora,
which is also a native of Ceylon.
An elegant large tree, a native of the various moun-
tains of the continent of India. The trees are now com-
Mon in gardens about Calcutta, originally from the moun-
malts of Tippera, Flowering time, in the gardens, the
ing of the warm season ; the seed — in a
Li ae
298 | ENNEANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Laurus.
Trunk straight. Bark smooth, of a greenish ash-colour,
Branches numerous, forming an elegant, tall, oblong
head. Leaves subopposite, drooping, short-petioled, lan-
ceolar, triple nerved, smooth and polished on both
sides ; about five inches long, and one and a half broad.
Panicles axillary, or terminal, on small axillary branch- —
_ lets, as long as the leaves. Ramifications opposite, sim-
ple, each bearing three short-pedicelled, small, whitish
flowers. Bractes minute, caducous. Calyx as in the ge-
nus. Segments villous. Nectarial glands sagittate, and
yellow. Filaments nine, six in the exterior series,
without glands ; and three in the inner, with glands. Stig-
ma clavate, three-lobed. Berry oval, the size of a black
currant, smooth, succulent, when ripe black, one-celled.
Seed conform to the berry. Embryo inverse, without pe
risperm. ;
This differs from all the other species hitherto deseule
ed by me, not only in the narrowness of the leaves, but
in the lateral nerves thereof issuing from the middle nerve
considerably above the base, The panicles also differ
greatly; for here the ramifications are simple, and beat
three flowers ; there they are compound, and umbellifer-
ous. In both this, and multiflora (which is the species it
comes nearest to,) the nectarial glands are sagittate, but
there the stigma is peltate, here three-lobed. :
A. L. multiflora. R.
Leaves opposite, three-nerved, ovate-lanceolar, the
nerves vanishing towards the top. Panicles terminal,
‘and axillary, with compound umbelliferous ramifications
Nectarial glands sagittate. Stigma peltate.
Cinnamomum perpetuo florens. Burm. zeyl. p. 63. t “4
28, appears to be this plant, and is the only figure ait @ ,
; to me that I can well refer to. |
This small elegant tree, as far as I know, is only ss
found in Ceylon, and approaches the true Cinnamon
*
Laurus. ENNEANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 299
yet I must deem them distinct species for the reason
mentioned throughout the description, and in a note at
the bottom.*
Leaves opposite, short-petioled, ovate, or oyate-lanceo-
late, entire, very smooth on both sides, three-nerved, with
the lateral nerves vanishing towards the apex. Stipules
none. Panicles from the exterior axils, and terminal,
crowded with numerous,cross-armed ramifications, divid-
ing into others, and finally ending in umbellets of small,
whitish-yellow flowers. Calyx of six divisions, which are
sublanceolate, nearly equal and very downy, particular-
ly on the inside. Nectarial glands, the three that stand
alternate with the three interior stamens are sagittate,
and purple. Stamens, the three interior filaments have
each a pair of large, flat, crenulate glands near the middle,
asin L. Cinnamomum, &c. Anthers with four polenifer-
ous pits. Stigma large, peltate.
5. L, culitlaban. Willd. 2. 478.
Arboreous, Branches appressed. Leaves apposite, ovate,
lanceolate, triple-nerved, retrofracted. Panicles terminal,
and axillary, Pedicells three-flowered. Nectarial scales
Sagittate.
Mal. Culit-lawan, Culi-lawan, or Cortex caryophl
laides. Rumph. Amb. 2. t.14, —
About the year 1802, many plants of this tree were re-
ceived into the Company’s Botanic garden at Calcutta
from Amboyna, and in the dry seasons of 1809 10 the only
plant that remained alive blossomed, It is about twelve
* The remarkable, umbelliferous, extreme ramifications of the
Panicles in this species, readily distinguish it from others hither- °
to described by me. I must, at the same time say, that I think
every attempt to find clear, cites Senate ale 8 ee
alone, will prove fruitless.
300 ENNEANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Laurus.
feet high, slender as the common Cypress, in conse-
quence of the branches being short, erect, and pressed
to the stem. The bark of the trunk, which is about as
thick as a man’s arm, is ash-coloured; of the round
young shoots a shining deep green, from it the Malays
obtain an essential oil by distillation ; and Dr. Fleming
informs me that he has seen various specimens of it from
Bencoolen, and says it smelt like a mixture of sassafras
and cloves. 1 suppose that its medical virtues agree
with those of the essential oils of those substances.
‘Murray says that the inhabitants of Amboyna esteem
it an excellent remedy in a retention of urine, piven in
a dose of six drops twice a day.
Leaves for the most part perfectly opposite, shore
tioled, refracted, broad-ovate-lanceolate, triple-nerved, —
of a hard texture, and with a polished, deep green surface,
from three to five inches long, and from one to tw0
broad. Panicles terminal and axillary, shorter than the
leaves, brachiate, the ultimate divisions three-flowered-
Flowers small, white, inodorous, Bractes oblong, or lan-
ceolate, opposite at the divisions of the panicle. Caly*
to near the base, six-parted, &c. as in the other species:
Stamina also as in the other East Indian species. Nec-
tarial glands with very exactly sagittate heads. Germ
_ ovate, one-celled containing one seed, attached to the
top of the cell. Style of a middling length. Stigma of
scurely three-toothed,
6. L, nitida, R.
Leaves opposite, broad-lanceolar, obtuse, aie
glossy. Panicles axillary, and below the leaves, with
simple, three-flowered, ramifications. Glands of the in-
ner filaments pedicelled.
Cassia Coolit manees Marsden’s Sumatra, p. 125.
A native of Sumatra, from thence Dr. Charles Camp-
bell sent plants in 1802, to the Botanic garden at Cal-
Laurus. ENNEANDRIA- MONOGYNIA. 301
cutta under the Malay name. Koolit manees. | After
seven years the young trees blossomed in February, and
tipened their seeds in May.
Trunk straight, in our young trees the bark is yet quite
smooth, and of a greenish ash-colour.. Branches, and
branchlets spreading. Leaves opposite, short-petioled,
broad-lanceolar, distinctly triple-nerved to near the
‘apex, permanent, of a firm texture, polished, and very
‘smooth on both sides, but paler coloured underneath ;
five or six inches long, and from one and a half to two
broad ; when young, coloured; when bruised they emit a
‘pleasant spicy odour, Petioles short, and. channelled.
Panicles below the tender leaves of the young shoots, and
also solitary in their axils, and shorter than them, com-
posed of opposite, and alternate, three-flowered, diverging
peduncles. Flowers small, pale yellow. . Segments of
the calyx; (corol. Linn.) oval and hairy on the inside.
Nectarial glands ; the inner three cordate-sagittate, on
short pedicells. | Those attached to the inner three fila-
ments, are also supported on short pedicells, which
issue from their filaments a little above their base. This
circumstance alone, if constant, distinguishes it from all
the other species of this genus which I have yet met
With, for in all the rest they are sessile.
Germ conical, one-celled, with one seed, attached to
the top of the cell. Stigma three-lobed. Berry obovate, the
Size of a field-bean, polished, and when ripe, of a deep
dark green bordering on grey, one-celled. Seed solitary,
conform to the berry. Integuments two, both thin, and ofa
dark, dull brown colour. Perisperm none. Embryo con-
form to the seed, inverse, pale green. Plumula conic,
three-lobed. . Radicle roundish, superior.
7, ‘L. recurvata. R.
‘aunties - Leaves subopposite, ovate, Jong-pointe,
With the two lateral neryes evanescent towards the
302 ENNEANDRIA MONOGYNIA; Laurus.
apex. Nectarial glands with cordate heads. ra
axillary, three-flowered. Py
There are several trees of this species in Mr. Cox’s gar-
den at Russapugla near Calcutta, formerly Mr. John-—
son’s ; the plants are said to have been originally from
China. Flowering time the hot season.
Trunk short, with suberect, rigid branches ‘oni
large, oblong, erect bush. Bark smooth, and more of
less green, accordiug to age, Leaves subopposite, short-
petioled, ovate, tapering to a long narrow point, recurv-
ed, three-nerved, with the two lateral vanishing towards
the apex, on both sides smooth. Peduncies axillary, &
opposite, on the present years shoots below the leaves;
‘solitary, three-flowered. Corol, nectary, stamens, ana
pistil as in L. Dulcis. it
The leaves possess a considerable share of a swoetiel
aromatic taste ; but are much weaker than those of a
and the bark still more so.
re
8. L. obtusifolia. R.
_ Leaves opposite, three-nerved, lanceolar, obtuse. P& —
nicles terminal, with an involucre of four large leaves,
and a bud in the centre, smooth. Nectarial glands cor-
date-sagittate. Berries oval. Kinton is the vernacular
name in Silhet, and Ramtejpat at Chittagong.
A large tree, a native of the mountainous countries
immediately east of Bengal, where it blossoms in Janua
ry and February, and the seed ripens in July and August
It has the habit of the Cinnamon tree, but grows to @
“much greater size, being as large as the mango tree.
timber is said to be very useful, and as it can be ar A
a large size, it is used for various purposes.
Branches opposite ; the young ones smooth, and some-
what four-cornered. Leaves opposite, when they attend
the panicles subquatern,short-petioled, lanceolar, obtus®
entire, completely three-nerved, of a very firm texture
Laurus. ENNEANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 303
\
smooth, of a deep, shining green on the upper surface, and
glaucous underneath ; from six to ten inches long, and
from two to three and a half broad. Panicles many, round
a smooth scaly bud, which forms the apex of the branch-
let, and also from the axils of their subquatern leaves,
long-peduncled, subdecussate ; ramifications smooth, and
tending to be four-cornered ; ultimate divisions three-
flowered. Flowers very numerous, small, greyish-yel-
low. Bractes caducous at an early period, clothed with
greyish, sericeous pubescence. Calyx six-cleft, &c. as in
the genus, somewhat sericeous. Nectarial filaments hairy,
with large cordate-sagittate heads. Stamina as in the ge-
nus, the inner three filaments have their glands clavate,
and hairy. Germ superior, ovate, one-celled, containing
a single ovula, attached to the top of the cell. Style
shorter than the stamina. Stigma large, three-angled.
Berries oval, succulent, the size of a field bean, smooth ;
when ripe, black, one-celled, one-seeded, &c. as in the
genus. *
9. L. dulcis. R
Leaves sub-opposite, three-nerved, lanceolate. Pa.
nicles terminal and axillary ; nectarial glands with pur-
ple cordate heads.
This elegant, tall, slender, small tree, I have only
found in an Armenian’s garden near Calcutta, who in-
forms me that he got the plants from China about seven
years ago; they are in flower about the beginning of the
hot season, in March and April, the seed ripens a in
the rains.
- Trunk straight, and high in proportion to its thickness ;
bark ash-coloured, and smooth. Branches elegantly scat-
tered in all directions, with extremities often pendulous,
forming a slender, oblong head. Leaves opposite, a or
Rearly so, drooping, short-petioled, lanceolate, entire, ra- -
ther obtuse, three-nerved, with the lateral ones vanis! ng
304 ENNEANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Laurus.
above the middle, smooth, deep green. on both sides; —
about four or five inches long, and from one to one and
a half broad ; when young coloured like those of the Cin-.
namon tree. - Panicles terminal, or opposite near the ex-
tremities of last year’s shoots, or the base of the present;
when so, the coloured leafy shoot from the centre, gives to
the whole the appearance of a large tufted panicle. Bractes
minute, caducous.. Flowers small, of a pale yellowish
colour, on pretty long, slender, diverging pedicels. Calyx
none. Corolas in L. Cinnamomum. Nectarial glands
cordate, dark purple, on short, thick, yellow filaments.
Stamens exactly as in L, Cinnamomum. _ Germ ovate.
Style crooked, the length of the stamens. Stigma Dr
large, and: glanduiar.
From tho sweet aromatic taste, and smell of the leaves
and bark of this pretty tree, I am inclined to think itis
this which yields the thin, small, quilled cinnamon like
Cassia, and Cassia-buds. carried from China to Europe
and elsewhere. .
It is readily distinguished from L. cinnamomum by
its long narrow leaves in which the nerves vanish a little
above the middle, and-by its cordate nectarial glands.
From Laurus Cassia it is - readily distinguished. by its
leaves ; there the nerves are triple, (that is they meet the
main or middle one considerably above the base of the
leaves) and continue distinct to near the apex, as in Ca-
rua Rheed. Mal. vol. 1, f. 57. be
SECT. 2. Leaves alternate.
10. L. camphorifera. Willd. 2. 478.
Leaves alternate, ovate-lanceolate, taper-pointed, three-
nerved. Panicles axillary, with alternate corymbifo
ramifications, Nectarial glands clavate, hairy. -
The trees from which my description, and: capa a
this famous plant are taken, grow at Hottentos Hollané
near Cape Town, Cape of Good Hope.
Laurus. ENNEANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 305
They were brought to that place from Sumatra, or
Java by Governor Vanderstell, in 1692-3, the trunk of
these trees, now 1798, is short in proportion to their thick-
hess, rather crooked, and from ten to twelve or even
more feet in circumference. The whole tree has much the
appearance of a fine old oak. I saw about twenty of them,
besides which many have been cut down for the wood, nor
could I learn that any attempts had been made to pro-
cure Camphire from them ; though the owner, Mynheer
De Vos says, he has often observed minute whitish
grains amongst the fibres of the wood, but knew not
what they were, and paid no attention to them. Many
young trees and plants are to be found in the neighbour-
hood. They all seem perfectly at home. M. De Vos
would certainly find it worth his while to cut up into
chips every refuse piece, and sublime, or distil it with
water in an iron retort, covered with an earthen, or
wooden head, in the cavity whereof hay or straw should be
put to which the Camphor as it'tises would adhere, See
Kemp. Amoen. p. 772. Thunberg, &c. authors who have
written on the subject.
The Leaves are alternate, petioled, ovate, and oblong-
lanceolate, smooth, entire, pointed, triple-nerved, the
herves less regularly disposed than in any of the other spe-_
cies, and vanishing about the middle of the leaf ; they are
from three to four inches long including the petiole, which
is from a third to a fourth of the whole.
Stipules none. Panicles axillary, solitary, about as
long as the leaves, and composed of small, alternate, —
Corymbiform ramifications. Flowers numerous, all her-
maphrodite that I have examined, small, of a pale green-
ish yellow. Bractes small, caducous. Corol, nectarial
glands, stamina, pistil and berry exactly as in L. Cinna-
momum, See the description thereof,
The alternate leaves, and alternate ramifications f
Edt We Gg RL TOS GOS Bis
306 ENNEANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Laurus,
the panicles, ‘immediately distinguish this species from
all the others I have yet met with. “é
This is far removed from the famous san ste tree a
Sumatra, which is a Shorea. ‘
Laurus camphorifera, Keempf. Amoen. 770. t. 771.
Leaves alternate, oblong, ventricose, acuminate, sub-
triple-nerved, with glands in their axils. Racemes axilla-
ry, nectarial glands conglobate.
- This slow growing, handsome tree, is a native of the
Malay Islands, and was introduced into the Botanic gar-
den at Calcutta in 1802.; now 1810, the largest of many
individuals is only eight or ten feet high, clothed with
spreading branches down to the ground, They now be-
gin to blossom in April. ee
Trunk in our young trees short, variously bent, divid-
ing into many, far expanding, ramous branches. Bark
of the oldest woody parts rather scabrous; of the young
shoots smooth, polished, glaucous-green. Leaves alter- —
nate, no tendency toward being opposite, petioled, of an
ovate, oblong-ventricose shape, entire, waved, tapering
at the apex to a long sharp point, while young, of a soft,
when old, of a firm, or rather hard texture, of a polished
deep green above, glaucous underneath, somewhat triple-
nerved, and in the axils of the nerves little glands, as men-
tioned by the accurate Koempfer ; from two to four inches
long. In this species they are particularly permanent, and
what is uncommon in these countries, scaly conical buds
areformed. The leaves, bark, and succulent parts smell
strongly of camphor when bruised, Petioles slender, chan-
nelled, scarcely an inch long. Racemes axillary, short, and
as yet simple, and bearing but very few, subopposite, small i
whitish, pedicelled flowers. Bractes minute, and cadu-_ ;
cous. Calyx and Stamin _as in the genus. ‘Nectarial ’
glands three which (as in all the other species of Laurus —
described by me,) are alternate with the inner three {fila- :
Laurus. ENNEANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 307
ments, sessile, conglobate, and yellow... The other three
pairs are small, and attached laterally to the very base of
the inner three filaments. Stamina as in the other species.
_Germ superior, ovate, one-celled, containing one seed, at-
tached to the top of the cell, Style about as long as the
stamina, Stigma three-lobed. Berry sub-globular, size
and colour of a black currant. Seed solitary. Embryo in-
verse, without, perisperm, &c, as in the genus,
USS Pe glaucescens. R.
Leaves alternate,narrow-lanceolate, triple-nerved. Flow-
ers in lateral fascicles. ;
A native of the northern Circar mountains, behind
Rajamundree,
Laurus sylvestris. B. H.
Arboreous. Leaves alternate, lanceolar, acuminate,
one-nerved, Panicles terminal, tomentose (with a tomen-
tose scaly bud in the centre.) Nectarial glands, broad-
cordate-sagittate. Berries spherical,
_ Orook, the vernacular name in Silhet, where it is indi-
genous, growing to the size of the mango tree. _ It flowers
in February, and the seed ripens in Apriland May. The
timber of this tree is made use of by the natives for vari-
ous economical purposes.
_° Leaves alternate, short-petioled, broad-lanceolar, and
though acuminate, tapering most toward the base, en-
tire, smooth on both sides, but glaucous underneath ; (no
tendency to the tri or triple-nerve habit,) from three to
Six inches long, and two broad, Stipules none. Panicles
terminal, several, round a terminal scaly tomentose bud,
the length of the leaves, having every part amply clothed
With soft, light-brown pubescence, and composed of
alternate, dichotomous branches ; each division three-
flowered, and one in the fork. Bractes small, villous,
caducous. Calyx six-cleft. Segments oblong, villous on
bei sides, permanent, Nectarial glands with short fila
M m 2
+
308 ENNEANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Laurus.
ments, and broad-sagittate-cordate heads. Stamina as “7
in the genus, viz. six forming the exterior series, with the
side of the anthers containing the four poleniferous pits
facing the stigma; the inner three with their anthers re-
versed ; (i. e. the four poleniferous pits facing outward.
Germ ovate, one-celled, containing one ovula attached
to the top of the cell. Style shorter than the stamina.
Stigma small, and obscurely three-toothed. Berries round,
&e, in size and appearance much like a large black cur-
rant. Seed solitary, round, &c. as in the genus. eee
Bae RE tn eee i
12. L. porrecta. R. “ion
Leaves alternate, oblong, veined, glaucous underneath,
Panicles \ateral. Nectarial glands sagittate. a ps
toothed. Berries round. i
Cayoo-gaddees. Marsden’s Sumatra, p. 129.
A native of Sumatra. From thence Dr.Charles Campbell —
sent plants to the Botanic garden at Calcutta, where af
ter seven years they blossomed during the cool months =
of December and January, and ripened their berries
May. Roots, the ligneous parts very much like sassafras, —
and possessing the same pleasant, sweetish, aromatic
taste and fragrance. Trunk straight to the top of the tree,
and clothed with numerous branches tothe base ; the lowe? —
ones reclinate, with their extremities ascending, the supe-
rior ones expanding. Bark on the trunk, and old branch-
es, of a brownish ash-colour, and somewhat scabrous; 00 ae
the young ones smooth and green ; height of the tree,
seven years, about twenty feet. Leaves alternate, petioled, a
veined,* permanent, oblong, entire, generally acuminate,
firm, both sides smooth, the upper polished, the under
glaucous, from three to six inches long, and from two © —
three broad. Petioles about an inch long, channelled, -
* The trinerve or triple-nerve habit, so general amonget our East
India Lauri is not found in this species. 4
Laurus. ENNEANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 309
smooth and slender. Panicles lateral, scattered round
the base of the young shoots, below their tender fo-
liage, solitary, long-peduncled, expanding, small, com-
posed of a few, nearly diverging branchlets. Flowers
numerous, pedicelled, small, pale yellow. Bractes few, mi-
nute, caducous. Calyx with border divided into six al-
ternately rather smaller, oblong, obtuse, expanding seg-
ments, which are somewhat hairy on the inside. Nec-
tarial glands three, with sagittate yellow heads, alter-
nate, with the inner three stamina, and three pair on
their filaments, immediately below the anthers, Fila-
ments nine; six in the exterior series, inserted on the
base of the divisions of the calyx, and three on the in-
ner inserted with the sagittate nectarial glands, round the
mouth of its tube. Anthers oval, with four poliniferous,
lidded pits, on the inside of the exterior series, and four
on the inside of the inner. Germ superior, ovate, one-
celled, with one seed attached to the top of the cell, Style
short. Stigma three-toothed. Berry globular, the size of a
small black currant, smooth, when ripe succulent, and of
adark purple colour, the pulp smells exactly like the
fresh skin of a green orange, one-celled. Seed solitary,
round. Integuments two ; the exterior one rather hard,
and dark brown; the interior one membranaceous, and
adhering to the cotyledons. Perisperm none. Embryo in-
verse. Cotyledons semispherical. Plumula tne, peas
Radicle ovate, superior,
13. L. lanceolaria. R )
Arboreous, every part glossy. Leaves alternate, lan-
_ Ceolar, acuminate, one-nerved. Panicles axillary, and
_Tound the base of the young shoots. Berries oblong.
Pe scsmucange the vernacular name in Silhéet where it is
indigenous. It grows to be a middling sized tree, the were
of which the natives convert into various useful purpo ie a
Flowering time igo the fruit ripens in the rains,
310 : ENNEANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Laurus,
Branchlets crowded, or subverticillated, smooth, cloud- *
_ed. Leaves alternate, petioled, lanceolar, tapering equally
_at each end, acuminate, one-nerved, entire, shining ; from
four to six inches long, and from one to one and a half
broad, Panicles axillary, and round the base of the
young shoots, from the-axils of the scales which formed
the bud of the shoot, and also from the axils of the leaves
of the shoots, long peduncled, small, smooth. Bractes, the
inferior ones like the leaves, but small, those of the sub-
divisions linear. Flowers numerous, small, pale yellow.
Calyx six-parted. Segments oval, smooth. Stamina e :
asin thegenus. Nectarial glands broad, cordate-sagit-
tate, their pedicles hairy on the inside. Germ ovate, — j
one-celled, containing one ovula attached to the top of
the cell. Style cylindric. Stigma three-lobed. Berries
oblong, succulent, smooth, black, one-celled, &e, as in
the genus, il
14. L. villosa. R. vid
Arboreous. Leaves alternate, petioled, lanceolar, one
nerved. Panicles axillary and round the base of the
young downy shoots, villous. Berries spherical, © “
A large tree, a native of the forests. of oie
where it blossoms in January. ce
Trunk in fall grown trees in their native soil, from ‘our ae
five feet in circumference and covered with scabrous, dark
brown bark ; young tender shoots tomentose, but becom —
ing smooth by the second year. Leaves alternate, petioled,
lanceolar, entire, one-neryed, obtuse-pointed, when they
first begin to expand soft and very downy, like the twigs
that bear them, but soon becoming hard and somewhat —
glossy ; ; from four to six inches long, and from one and 3
half totwo broad. Panicles axillary, and round the bas@
of the young shoots, copious, the length of the leaves, very’
ramous, and very downy. Bractes small, downy. Calye,
stamina and germ as in the genus, permanent. Necla
Laurus. ENNEANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 31L
glands pedicelled, triangularly sagittate. Berries sphe-
rical, of the size and appearance of a black currant, Seeds
and Embryo as in the genus.
15. L. bilocularis. R, : i
Arboreous, with a straight trunk, and many, abst
tended branches. Leaves opposite, and alternate, broad-
lanceolar, veined. Racemes solitary under the leaves, or
axillary. Filaments without glands. Necéaries nine, An-
thers bilocular. Berries oblong, glaucous.
_A native of the country about Tippera, from thence
Stephen Harris, Esq. sent plants to the Botanic garden
at Calcutta in 1797, where at the age of ten years, they
blossomed in March, and the fruit ripened in June.
Trunk straight, In trees thirteen years old, two feet in
circumference four feet from the root, covered with
smooth, ash-coloured bark. Branches very numerous, and
spreading horizontally to a great extent, forming a large,
Ucommonly dense, broad-ovate shady head; young
Shoots round and smooth, green on the side most remote
from the sun, and purplish on the other, Leaves oppo-
Site and alternate, petioled, veined, broad-lanceolar, of-
teneunequal at the base, entire, obtuse-pointed, smooth
%n both sides ; about six inches long and two broad,
deciduous Actioad the cold season, and appearing with the
flowers in March. Petioles one-sixth or one-eighth the
length of the leaves, round, smooth. Peduncles axillary
and from the base of the young shoots below the tender
leaves, solitary, scarcely so long as the petioles, round, a
little villous, bearing a few, viz. from six to twelve, small
Pedicelled pretty yellow flowers, in form of a raceme.
Br actes. ‘one under the insertion of each pedicel, ovate, ca-
, - Calyx of six oblong, villous, expanding segments,
&e. as in all the other species examined by me. Corol
none. Filaments nine, six in the outer series and three in
the inner, all without glands, Anthers oblong-oyate, bilo- —
312 ENNEANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Anacardium,
cular, that is with only one oblong, polleniferous pit
on each side, as in Cassyta, this species differing from
all [have yet met with, the rest having two pits on each
side. Nectarial glands nine, all pedicelled ; six alter-
nate, with the six exterior stamina, with larger, and
more rounded heads, and three alternate with the inner
three, and of a cordate-sagittate shape, all. yellow and
fleshy. | Germ ovate, one-celled, with one seed attach-
ed to the top of the cell. Style straight, length of the fila-
ments. Stigma somewhat three-cornered. Berries ob-
long, as thick as the largest olive and considerably long-
er, being about two inches long, and one in diameter,
smooth, when ripe a deep dark purple, covered with much
whitish-grey bloom which easily rubs off. Pulp pale —
yellow. Seed solitary, conform to the berry. Integument
somewhat nuciform, and lined with a thin membrane,
Perisperm none. Embryo inverse. Cotyledons conform
to the seed. Plumule of two minute lobes, Radicle Bis i ;
ish, superior.
ANACARDI UM. Schreb. gen. n. 1582. 4g
- Calyx five-parted. Petals five, reflexed. Germ super
or, one-celled, one-seeded, attachment lateral. Nut ee
form, resting on a fleshy receptacle. Embryo erect, sith ee :
out perisperm. mit
1. A. occidentale. Willd. 2. 486.
Kapa mava. Rheed. Mal. 3. t. 54.—
Cassuvium. Rumph. Amb. 1, t. 69.
» Hind. and Beng. Hijulee-budam. —
_ Acajuba occidentalis, Gert. sem. 1. 192. t. 40. f2 2.
A tree common in the East and West Indies. In| |
Lies it is found in the vicinity of the sea only, where :
the soil i is almost ess sand. ee: time Susitt .
Anacardium, .ENNEANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 313
Trunk short, thick and very crooked. Bark considerably
rough, and in old trees deeply cracked. Branches numer-
ous, spreading in every direction to a great extent. Young
shoots round, and smooth, Leaves alternate, rather short,
petioled, obovate, with a rounded or emarginate apex ;
smooth on both sides and of a hard texture, from four
to eight inches long. Panicles terminal, bearing both
barren and fertile hermaphrodite flowers intimately inter-
mixed, small, and of the same size and external appear-
“ance. There may be trees which produce barren flowers
only. Bractes gibbous, lanceolate. Calyx inferior, five-
cleft nearly to the base ; divisions oblong, conic, acute, and
pretty smooth. Petals five, linear-lanceolate, revolute, of
a pale yellow colour, with longitudinal pink stripes, Fila-
ments generally nine, united at the base into a ring round
the germ, one of them particularly in the sterile flowers,
‘More than double the length of the others. Anthers, they
“appear to be all fertile, that of the major filament larger,
Germ in the barren flowers minute, with a very short style,
in the fertile flowers obliquely obcordate ; one-celled,
with one reniform seed attached to the side of its cell.
Style long, becoming convolute, as if to bring the simple
stigma into contact with the large anther of the lung fila-
ment. Fruit as described and figured, by Gort. vol. 1.
. 192. ¢. 40.
2. A. dubium. R.
A native of Sumatra, and said to be a larg’ and beau-
tiful tree, tn
Branchlets round, and smooth. Leaves alternate,
Short-petioled, lanceolate, entire,.smooth, from four to
_ Six inches long, and about two broad. Stipules none.
_ Panicles terminal, thin, pretty large, and composed of
_ @ few, alternate, compound, and simple corymbiferous
Yawifications. Flowers numerous and small, Calyx
. inferior, one-leayed, bifid. Segments rounded, — aaa
: No es
314 ENNEANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Casytas.
four, five, or six, (five most common,) inserted round —
the middle of the clavate receptacle which elevates them, —
the stamina and pistil above the calyx lincar-lanceolar. — eS
Filaments four, five, or six, corresponding with the num- —
ber of petals, inserted on the receptacle below the germ,
rather shorter than the corol. Anthers oblong. Germ ob-—
liquely obcordate, one-celled, containing one ovula at-
tached to the upper part of the cell a little to one side,
and immediately under the insertion of the long curved
style, Stigma simple. “ae
CASSYTA. git:
Calyx three-leaved. Corol three-petalled. Filaments : a
petaliform ; the inner three with glands at the base. Ne
tarial glands three, alternate with the appendaged fila-
ments. Drupe inferior, one-seeded. sabe
C, filiformis, Willd. 2. 487.
Filiform, lax, leafless.
_ Acatsja valli. Rheed. Mal. 7. t. 44,
Sans. Akashavuli.
Teling. Paunch tiga. aes
A thread-like leafless parasitic plant, found pane a
on, and twisting round the branches of trees, &c. in ab —
most every part of the Coast and in Bengal. ee
Spikes lateral, ascending. Flowers small, white, ras
ther remote. Bractes three-fold, embracing the fructifi-
cation, like a calyx, and only a little less than it. Ca-
lyx three-leaved ; leaflets very small, round, permanent
Corol ; petals three, oblong, many times larger than the —
calyx. .Nectary (I call what have been termed filaments —
such) composed of nine, stameniferous leaflets and nine —
glands ; the leaflets stand in three,series, those of the ex
terior series are clubbed, lying immediately over the petals,
and rather shorter than hey are ; on the inside naar lt
Butomus. ENNEANDRIA HEXAGYNIA. 315
apex are two oval pits, where the stamens are lodged till
they are ripe, the second and largest series oblong, stand-
ing: alternate with the petals, length of the exterior series,
and having their stameniferous pits the same ; inner or
third series the smallest, each augmented with two yellow
glands at the sides of the base, swelling out over these
glands, and then tapering to an obtuse point ; the stameni-
ferous pits are here on the outside. The three remaining
glands are cordate, pointed, standing alternate with the
‘inner series, embracing immediately the germ. Filaments
_ nine pair, most minute, inserted into the upper margins of
the pits of the nine leaflets of the nectary. Anthers small,
oval, when ripe they spring with a jerk from their en-
closures and stand erect, or spreading upon their little
filaments.
Style short. Stigma entire. Nut round, covered by the
increased receptacle.
ENNEANDRIA HEXAGYNIA.
BUTOMUS. Schreb. gen. N. 693.
Gals none. Petals six, Capsules six, many-seeded.
B. lanceolatus, R. | |
Leaves radical, long-petioled, lanceolate Scape as
long as the leaves, bearing from six to twelve long pedi-
celled flowers in an upright umbel.
Found by Dr. Buchanan, in the Eastern parts of
Bengal.
No2
CLASS X.
DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. :
SOPHORA. Schreb. gen. N. 694.
Calyx gibbous, five-toothed. Corol papilionaceous,
wings length of the vexillum. Legume necklace-shaped.
1. S. tomentosa. Willd. 2. 500. .
Shrubby. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets about eight pait,
between alternate and opposite, ovate, obtuse, hoary un-
derneath. Legume necklace-shaped. |
This large shrub, or small tree, is so far as I can learn,
a native of Ceylon. From thence it was introduced into
the Botanic garden at Calcutta in 1798, by Dr, A. Berry.
Flowering time in Bengal the rainy season, |
Trunk erect, with expanding branches. Bark of ee
old woody parts somewhat scabrous, of the young
shoots hairy. Leaves alternate, pinnate, from six to tet
inches long. Leaflets about eight pair, short- petioled,
neither alternate nor opposite but between the two; ovate, -
obtuse, entire, of a firm texture, smooth above and hoary
underneath ; from an inch to an inch and a half long,
and about one broad. Petioles and petiolets round, and je
villous. Stipules none. Racemes terminal. Flowers nt
merous, generally single, bright yellow, fragrant. Bractes — :
solitary, one-flowered, caducous. Calyx villous, of a
short urceolate shape, with the margin slightly five-tooth-
ed, and incurved. Coro/ papilionaceous. Legume neck- — :
lace-shaped, villous, composed of about five or six neal-
ly round. protuberances,, with a single, round, Deg
emhooth seed i in aeach,
erg ce eeee
rae nage
Ceceiy te ee
REE RSET ING So age ae Pie
Podalyria. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 317
PODALYRIA. Lamark.
_ Calyx five-toothed. Corol papilionaceous. Legume
veniricose, few, or many-seeded.
P. bracteata. R.
Shrubby. Leaves simple, oval. Peduncles axillary,
once or twice bifid; ultimate divisions flowered, with a
pair of large, opposite, roundish, many-nerved bractes,
hiding the calyx, and a similar pair at the forks of the
peduncles.
Gopoort, the vernacular name in the Silhet district,
Where it is found indigenous in the forests, growing to
the size of a large bushy sbrub,; | Flowering in May and
June, and the seeds ripening in December and January.
Tender shoots columnar, and clothed with a few thinly
Scattered hairs. Leaves alternate, bifarious, petioled,
- oval, entire, obtuse, smooth, and beautifully reticulat-
ed with slender veins ; from three to six inches long, and
from two to four broad. Petioles from half an inch, to.an
inch and a half long, a little hairy. Stipules ovate, ma-
hy-nerved. Peduncles axillary, solitary, once or twice
bifid, each ultimate division, one-flowered. Bracfes in
pairs at the divisions of the peduncles, one pair the
Jargest, embracing each flower; all round, or oval, and
Many-nerved. Flowers large, white, perfectly papiliona-
ceous. Calyx bowl-shaped, hairy on the outside, Mouth
Mequally five-toothed, caducous. Banner very broad,
deeply emarginate, short-clawed. Wings falcate, obtuse,
five-clawed, the length of the banner, keel two-petalled,
their lower margins united, of the length and shape of the
Wings, Filaments ten, distinct to their insertion into the
Teceptacle round the base of the germ, subulate, smooth,
Nearly as long as the pistillum, ascending in a gentle
“urve, Anthers ovate, oblong, erect. Germ lanceolate,
Smooth, one-celled, containing three ovula attached to: the
paula Style subulate. Stigma acute, g
818 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Bauhinia.
liquely oblong, tapering equally at each end, with the apex
acuminate, and somewhat recurved,one-celled, two-valy- _
ed, smooth, on the outside dark brown, within pretty .
and whitish, from three to four inches long and one and
_ahalf broad. Seeds two, or three, large, and very wne-
qual, ofa dark brown colour. Perisperm none. Embryo
as in other Leguminose.
~ BAUHINIA.
_ Calyx a spathaceous border or tubular base: Corol ir
regular, five-petalled, expanding. Anthers incumbent,
bursting longitudinally on their sides. a4
*
SECT. I. Trees or Shrubs.
1. B. candida. Willd. 2. 510. =
Arboreous. Leaves roundish, downy underneath. pe
obtuse, Panicles terminal. Segments five, all fertile. ee.
gume linear. om
_ Sans. Kuvidara, also Yooga-putra, doublo‘leated
Hind, Kana-raja.
A small handsome tree. I have only found it in gar " be
dens, where it flowers about the beginning of the hot sem a
son. . i
Leaves alternate, petioled, nearly bifarious suborbicu- €
lar, two-lobed, from nine to eleven-nerved, the middle :
one ending in a villous bristle between the lobes, below
downy ; lobes oval, obtuse, or very obtusely-pointed ; the eee
whole leaf is from three to five inches each way. ptt ee
‘mes axillary, and terminal, those of the axils small
_ simple, the terminal ones large, compound, or pa es
Flowers humerous, white, large, delightfully fragrant,
Calyx spathiform, leathery, not gaping ‘at the base, split-
ting longitudinally on the under side; apex. minutely
five-toothed. Filaments five, ascending, the uppermost
smallest, Anthers linear, incumbent ; there. seit
ee arate rare
Bauhinia. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 319
rile filaments in this species. Germ long-pedicelled.
Style short, ascending, Legume linear, compressed
smooth, many-seeded. -
2. B. variegata. Willd. 2.
’ Arboreous. Leaves smooth, subrotund with obtuse
lobes. Racemes terminal and axillary. Petals broad-
cuneiform, with waved margins. Stamens five, all fertile.
Legume linear,
Chovanna mandaru. Rheed. Mal. lip: 57. t. a2.
Sans. Kuvidara.
Beng. Ructa-kanchun,
It is one of the most stately of the genus, growing to be
atree of considerable size ; I have only found it in gar-
dens ; where it is indigenous I cannot say. Flowering time
the rweastlts of February and March, the seed eripass in
April and May.
Trunk tolerably erect, often as thick as a man’s Bye
_ Bark dark ash-coloured and pretty smooth. = Branches
humerous, spreading in every direction, with smooth ash-
coloured bark. Leaves subifarious, petioled, suborbicu- —
lar, two-lobed ; lobes obtuse, smooth above, somewhat
villous underneath, from two to three inches each way,
Racemes terminal, few-flowered. — Peduncles clavate,
round, villous. Bractes small, caducous. Flowers large, —
ofa lively reddish purple. Calyx spathiform. Petals
Unilateral, pairs equal, and oblong, with somewhat curled
Margins ; the upper one is broader, more deeply colour-
ed, and with a longer channelled claw. Stamina five,
all fertile, sometimes there are the minute rudiments of
{tom one to five abortive-filaments between them. Legume
Straight, linear, compressed, acuminate, pedicelled. Seeds
| Six totwelve, approximate, or often with the anterior _
oe one eae: over the posterior edge of its neigh- as
a “This tree can only ‘be said to differ from B,
320 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Bauhinia.
in the colour of the flowers ; had I met with this first, at.
should certainly haye considered the other asa a i
only. wt
3. B. purpurea. Willd. 2. 511.
Arboreous. Leaves smooth ; lobes obtuse. Filaments
ten, of which three or four are large and fertile. Pamnicles
terminal. Legumes linear. i
Chovanna-mandaru. Rheed. Mal. 1. t. 33. “
Hind. Sona. Kit
Beng. Deva-kanchun, i
This I have not only found in gardens, bind also wild
on the mountains, where it grows to bea large tree.
‘Leaves alternate, petioled, nearly bifarious, smoothon —
both sides, from nine to eleven-nerved ; the middle one
ending between the lobes in a bristle ; lobes oblong, ob- —
tuse, the whole from five to six inches long, and from
four to five broad. Panicles terminal, ascending, com-
posed of racemes, similar to, though larger than those-of
B. candida. Bractes, one embracing the insertion of the —
pedicel, and two pressing the calyx laterally. Flowers —
numerous, of a deep rose colour, very large. Calyx gene
rally splits into two ; divisions reflexed, the lower one 8
generally emarginate, and the upper one three-toothed.
Petals lanceolate, waved. Stamens three or four, large with
fertile anthers and six or seven small sterile filaments. ~
4. B. triandra. R. ss
_ Arboreous. Leaves smooth, subrotund, with lobes 5 ob ie
tuse. Racemes terminal and axillary. Petals
form, obtuse, long-clawed, margins waved, and a
Fertile stamina three. Legume linear, many-seeded.
A native’of Bengal. In the Botanic garden at Caleut-
ta,it blossoms in October and November, the ate ripens |
in March. .
Trunk straight, and of considerable size. Brances
Bauhinia. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 321
with smooth brown bark. Leaves alternate, petioled, sub-
orbicular, two-lobed, having the lobes obtuse, entire, and
smooth on both sides, about three inches long.and four
broad,the whole leaf being nearly the same. Petioles round,
smooth, swelled at each end, length about one-third of
the leaves. Racemes terminal or axillary, rarely oppo-
site to the leaves. Calyx spathiform, &c. as in the
other species. Petioles cuneiform, obtuse, with the mar-
gins waved and curled, three of them forming as it were
an upper, and the other two the under lip of the corol.
Filaments ten, of which three only are of the length of the
pistil, and bear fertile anthers, the other seven very
small and without the least vestige of an anther. Leé-
-gume somewhat sickle-shaped, linear, smooth, from six
to twelve inches long. Seeds remote, flat, round, ,from
_ eight to sixteen in each legume.
- This when in flowers, is one of the most beautiful spe-
cies of Bauhinia I have yet met with, and as it blossoms
when so low as three feet, and when not more than one
year old, is particularly well adapted for the conservatory.
It comes nearest to purpurea in the parts of fructification,
5. B)malabarica. R.
Arboreous. Leaves transversely broad, oval, smooth,
‘Rine-nerved, slightly two-lobed ; lobes rounded. Race-
mes axillary, corymbiform, sessile ; calyx and coral regu-
lar; stamina ten, all fertile,
A pretty large tree, a native of Malabar, in the’Bota-
nic garden at Calcutta, young trees four or five years old
from the seed, are about twenty feet high, their stems
about as thick asa man’s thigh ; coma very ramous,
With its numerous, smooth, slender, flexuose branchlets,
drooping. It begins to blossom in October and November.
is very distinct species is remarkable for the regulari-
'y of its five-parted calyx, and equally disposed, equal —
al DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA- Bauhinia,
6. B. retusa, R. ;
Arboreous. Leaves roundish, reniform, from cocostalal
to scarcely emarginate. Panicles terminal. Petals round-
ish. Stamens three, all fertile. Legume oblong, from five
to six-seeded.
I found this species i in the Company’s Botanic. gar-
den at Calcutta, but could never Jearn from whence it _
was brought. The trees are about twenty years old,
Flowering time September ; the seed ripens in March.
Trunk short and thick, but rarely straight, Branches
spreading, with long, slender, waving, pendulous branch-
lets. Bark pretty smooth, rust coloured. _ Leaves bifa-
rious, alternate. petioled, round-reniform ; from two lob-
ed, to slightly emarginate, with a bristle in the notch,
from seven to eleven-nerved,; smooth on both sides, di+
mensions from three to six inches each way. _Panicles —
terminal, and axillary, composed of many corymbiform
racemes ; the ramifications a little villous. Flowers nu>
merous, small, pale yellow, beautifully marked with nu-
merous, small, purple spots. Filaments three, from the
under side, nearly as long as the pistil, ascending, they até
allfertile, On the upper side of the large woolly recep-
tacle into which these and the pistil are inserted, ate
two large; yellow, bristle-pointed, smooth glands, with
smaller brownish ones, intermixed ; some, or all of these
have also a little bristle issuing from them, Pistillum,
when the flowers firstexpand, and for sometime afterwards —
recurved, as if to. place the stigma below the anthers;
afterwards it becomes incurved like the stamens, and im,
that, situation the stigma is higher than the anther. Le-
gume linear-oblong, with the apex rounded, flat, smooth, —
about six inches long, and two broad. Seed from four t0,
eight in the legume, obeyate, much compressed, smooth,
and of a dark brown colour. . .
From wounds made in the bark a brownish pa gam ;
like that of the cherry tree, is produced. ey,
* : : . ; :
* of* ~ ban
Bauhinia. DECANDRIA MONOGY NIA. 323
7. B. parviflora, Willd. 2. 509.
“Arboreous. Branchlets drooping. Leaves subreniform,
deeply two-lobed ; lobes obtuse. Racemes solitary. Stamens
ten, all fertile. Legume linear, ligneous, many-seeded.
Sans. Vuna-raja,
Tam. Areka-marum.
Teling. Arro.
-/A small, uncommonly crooked bushy tree; a native of
most forests on the coast of Coromandel. Bark dark and
scabrous. .
“Leaves alternate, petioled, two-lobed, ndiiderer built dow-
ny; lobes oblong, rounded at both ends ; size various, the
whole leaf generally about two inches’ broad, and not
quite so long. Petioles round, downy. Racemes simple, ter-
minal, or leaf-opposed. Flowers scattered, pretty large,
_ yellow. Calyx spathiform, bursting on the under side,
reflected, not gaping atthe base. Petals and stamens
ascending. Anthers fertile on all the ten filaments. Le-
gume scimitar-shaped, very hard, not opening, inter-
tupted, Seeds from ten to twenty, oval, smooth, shining,
brown. Matchlock men make their matches of the bark ~
ofthis tree ; it burns long, and slowly, without the help
Of salt-petre or any other combustible. ‘To prepare the
bark itis boiled, dried, and beat. Ropes are also made
of the inner rind, which is fibrous, strong and durable.
»
8. B. tomentosa. Willd, 2. 511.
_ Shrubby. Leaves roundish, deeply two-lobed, villous
underneath. Stipules setaceous. Peduncles leaf-oppos-
ed, two-flowered. Petals oval. Stamina ten, all fertile.
Legume lanceolate, villous.
Canschena-pou. Rheed. Mal..1. t. 35.
_ Anative of Malabar, Coromandel mountains, &¢ oo "4
the Botanic garden at vaca it is in blossom most
Part of the year. |
700%
324 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Bauhinia,
Trunk straight. Branches numerous, forming a close,
handsome, large shrub. Bark ash-coloured ; young shoots
villous ; the general height about ten feet, I mean of large
plants, Leaves alternate, bifarious, petioled, roundish,
deeply two-lobed, with a minute bristle between ; lobes
roundish, villous underneath. Stipules filiform, villous.
Peduncles solitary, nearly opposite to the leaves, two-
cleft, two-flowered, Flowers large, of a pale sulphur
colour, drooping. Bractes three on the outside of the base
of each pedicel. Petals oval, the upper one smaller, and ~
in some plants marked on the inside, with an oblong deep
purple spot. Filaments ten, ascending, the length of the
pistillum, Anthers ten, all fertile, Legume lanceolate, vil-
lous, from five to six-seeded.
9. B. acuminata. Willd. 2. 511. :
Shrubby. Leaves with lobes somewhat pointed, Ra-
cemes laterifolius, and terminal. Stamens ten, alternate
by shorter. Legumes lanceolate,
Velutta-mandaru. Rheed. Mal. 1. p. 61. t. 34.
Beng. Canchun.
Hind. Cuchunar.
It is a small, ramous tree, or large shrub ; whole height
from eight to ten feet. It is in flower most part of the
year.
Trunk scarcely any, but many large branches spread i m
every direction ; bark greyish brown. Leaves alternate,
bifarious, weiteiid two-lobed, nine-nerved, the middle
nerve ends in a short bristle between the lobes ; smooth
above, downy underneath ; lobes oblong, somewhat point-
ed ; from two to four inchéd long. Petioles chann
euitiod: and jointed at the base, downy, one inch long.
Stipules half-lanced, very acute. Flowers racemed, large,
pure white, inodorous, Racemes solitary, laterifolious, OF
terminal, short, few-flowered. Bractes a small pointed one
oelow each pedicel, with two or more scattered among © the
*
Bauhinia. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 325
pedicels. Calyx above, tapering toa long, fine point,
Corol regular; petals expanding, oblong, concave, obtuse.
Filaments ten, ascending, five are larger, more spreading
than and alternate with the five shorter ones. Anthers
equal. Legume obliquely linear-lanceolate ; upper margin
three-keeled. Seeds from eight to twelve.
Note. The pistillum is often minute, and abortive. This
species differs from candida in being rarely more than
a shrub; in having the lobes of the leaves pointed, and
Inodorous. Flowers with ten fertile stamens. It is a very
specious plant, well deserving a place in the Bardens of |
Gp curious.
SECT. II. Scandent.
- 10. B. racemosa. Vahl. symbol. 3. p. 56. ¢.62, Willd, 2.
- Scandent, and of immense extent. 'Tendrils opposite.
Leaves subrotund ; lobes obtuse, downy. Racemes corym-
biform, terminal. Stamina five, three of them fertile.
Legume linear, ligneous, very downy.
Hind, Mahwal.
Nap. Boila.
Teling. Adda.
The largest and most extensive creeper I have seen,
It is a native of the mountainous parts all over India,
where it runs over the highest trees.
Trunk often as thick as a child’s waist when only ten
years old. Bark brown and rough, Branches very ex-
tensive, I may say from one to three hundred feet; young.
shoots covered with remarkably soft down, Leaves re-
Markably large, alternate, petioled, two-lobed ; lobes
rounded at both ends, downy with a middle nerve, ending
in a soft bristle between the lobes ; size often a foot each
Way. Petioles round, downy. Tendrils opposite below,
326 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Bauhinia.
the leaves, woody, very strong, simple. Racemes terminal
corymbiform. Peduncles round, downy; not very long, as
the flowers grow near each other. Pedicels about two
inches long, thickened near the apex, jointed, and have
there two small lanceolate bractes ; besides a downy,
narrow-laaceolate one below each pedicel. Flowers pret-
ty large, when they first open white, but gradually be-
coming yellow. Calyx spathiform, on a tubular base.
Corol, the superior petals larger, the inferior more dis-
tant, Filaments on the upper side of the germ three, —
nearly as long as the petals, ascending, bearing oblong,
incumbent anthers; on the under side two or three
very small, and without anthers. Germ oblong, sessile, —
downy. Style subulate, rather shorter than the filaments.
Stigma headed. Legume pendulous, about twelve or
eighteen inches long, and from two and a half to three —
broad, compressed, woody, covered with much, dark
brown, soft yelvet-like down. Seeds from eight to twelve,
orbicular, flat, smooth, brown, about an inch in diameter,
and one-sixth of an inch thick, They are eaten raw, when
ripe, the taste islike that of Cashew-nuts. -
_ The leaves are employed to line baskets, and various
other sorts of packages by the hill people, where the
plant grows for which they are well adapted not only on |
account of their great size, but also on account of theif
being remarkably firm, tough, and durable,
Tl. B. scandens. Willd. 2. 58. Pie
Scandent. Tendrils opposite. Leaves round cordate,
apex two-lobed. Racemes terminal, simple, or ramous-
Flowers triandrous, Loganes linear, from four to five-
. Folium tail: Rumph, Amb, 5. p.1. t. 1.
‘ Gunda-gilla the vernacular name in Silhet, where it :
is indigenous i in the forests of that province, running UP»
*
Bauhinia. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA.- 327
and over trees of the first magnitude. Flowering in April
and the seed ripening in October.
+ Branchlets very long, flexuose, sending forth from each
knee, a small tendril-bearing floriferous twig. The ten-
drils are generally opposite, slender, flattened and simple.
Leaves alternate, long-petioled, round-cordate, apex di-
vided into two lobes, by an open gape; some few are
found perfectly entire, smooth on both sides, general size _
from three to five inches each way. Racemes terminal,
. sometimes ramous, but far more frequently simple, co-
vered with much brown sericeous pubescence. Flowers
rather small for a Bauhinia, alternate, solitary, long pe-
dicelled. Bractes acuminate, one under each pedicel,
sericeous. Calyx clavate, sericeous, having the mouth
divided into five, small, rounded segments. Petals five,
nearly equal, orbicular, short-clawed, densely clothed
with much soft, ferruginous grey-down, Filaments three,
ascending, longer than the pistillum. Anthers incumbent,
Germ short-pedicelled, linear, densely clothed with ferru-
ginous down, one-celled; ovula from five to six. Style
tather short. Stigma capitate. Legume linear-oblong,
dark brown, somewhat villous, from four to six inches
long, and two broad. Seeds about two, nearly orbicular,
ora little compressed, smooth, of a dark brownishsblack,
seven-eighths of the margin is surrounded with the eye as
in Carpopogon ; they are the size of a chesnut, and. ‘sur-
rounded with a soft, spongy, greyish, yellow substance,
12. B, piperifolia. R.
Scandent, smooth. Leaves entire, cordate, from five |
to seven-nerved, lucid. Panicles terminal. Legumes from
Tound to oval, one or two-seeded.
A large scandent species, a native of the mountain :
forests north of Silhet, where it blossoms about the We
; Ciena of the pels season. — aa?
328 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA; Bauhinia,
13. B. anguina. R.
Scandent. Stem compressed, flexuose; flexures approx-
imate, regularly and alternately concave and convex
on the two flat sides. Leaves subcordate, smooth, en-
tire, or two-lobed ; lobes subtriangular, and acuminate.
Panicles terminal, flowers triandrous. Legumes oval,
smooth, from one to two-seeded.
Naga-ma-valle. Rheed. Mal. 8. t. 30 sink 31.
Folium linga. Rumph. Amb. 5. t. 1. cannot be this, and
to it Ihave retained the old Linnean specific name scan-
dens, though some other might be better, as there are ma-
ny scandent species now known. oi
Nag-poot is the vernacular name in Silhet. xg,
_ Thisis the most extraordinary as well as one of the —
most extensive ramblers I have met with. Itis a native
of the mountainous tracts in the vicinity of Silhet, Chit-
tagong, &c. andthe most regularly serpentine pieces of
- the stems and large branches are carried about by our nU-
merous mendicants, to keep off serpents. Flowering time
about the end of the rains, and the seeds ripen in the cool,
season. Stems and large branches flat being from four to
six inches broad, scarcely half an inch thick, when old the
margins become double, like the letter V or T, and pretty
straight, whereas the body, or space between them, is
regularly flexuose, with the flexures alternately conve*
and concave. Bark rather rough, and ill defined. Wood
hard, but porous, and nearly white. Branches and branch-
lets bifarious, and regularly alternate, from the flexuose
parts just mentioned. Tendrils simple, or bifid, permanent.
Leaves bifarious, alternate, petioled ; on the older plants
entire or nearly so, and round-cordate ; on young plants;
and on the luxuriant shoots, more or less bifid, with the
lobes narrow and tapering much to their points ; from five
to seven-nerved, smooth on both sides, from two to six
inches each way. Paniclesterminal, composed of long, sim
ple racemes, of numerous, very small white flowers. Calys
Bauhinia. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 329
cup-shaped, unequally five-toothed. | Petals five, obo-
yate, short-clawed. | Stamina only three, all fertile.
Germ short-pedicelled, oblong, inserted on the under
margin of a large, two-lobed gland, which occupies the
centre of the flowers, one-celled, two-seeded, Style short.
Stigma simple. Legume oblong, thin, with the edges
even, and the apex a small recurved point, both sides
smooth, about two inches long, and one broad, one-cell-
ed. Seeds one or two, oval, with an obtuse point on ~
the anterior upper part, which is formed by the radicle
compressed, smooth. | Integument in the recent state
single, Perisperm in considerable quantity in the fresh
‘seed. Embryo curved, &c. as in the sides. |
14. B. corymbosa. R.
Scandent. Leaves two-parted ; lobes semicordate, ob-
_tuse, two or three nerved. Corymbs terminal ; flowers
triandrous ; petals spatulate, and curled, Legumes uepar,
from six to twelve-seeded.
. This very extensive delicate species, is a native of
China ; from thence seeds were sent to the Botanic
garden at Calcutta, where in five years the plants raised
from them began to blossom abundantly in April, and
ripened their seed in the rainy season,
Stem scarcely any thing that deserves the name, but
many, long, slender branches, and branchlets, climb and
Spread in every direction to an extent of many fathoms,
Tanning over high trees, &c. Bark smooth, that of the old
ligneous parts dark-brown; of the young shoots green,and.
Often coloured. Tendrils opposite, simple, short. Leaves
alternate, bifarious nearly round, smooth, divided for
about three-fourths down; length and breadth about one
inch and a half, lobes semicordate, very obtuse, from
two to three-nerved. Stipules ensiform. Corymbs ter-.
Minal on the short lateral branchlets, short peduncled,
Flowers of a middling size, age with a ie Seana
330 ‘DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Bauhinia.
pink, fragrant. Pedicels long, jointed at the. middle ; the
upper portion, or rather tube of the calyx clavate. Brac- —
tes filiform. Calyx, here, and I believe in all our Indian
species, ought to be described witha long slender tube,
and five-parted border.. Petals five, equal, spatulate,
elegantly curled, spreading. Filaments from the mouth of
the tube of the calyx ; three long and fertile, and from
two to five small, and abortive. Anthers oval, two-lobed.
Germ linear, curved, smooth, rising on a pedicel, with
the three fertile stamina, from the lower edge of the mouth
of the tube of the calyx, one-celled ; ovula many, attach-
ed tothe upper margin. Style short. Stigma large. Le-
gume thin, from four to five inches long, and three-fourths
of an inch broad, smooth, dark brown, from six to twelve-
seeded, :
15..B. semibifida. R.
Scandent. Leaves subovate, deeply two-lobed. Sigal
broad-falcate, Racemes terminal. Calyx five-leaved. Pe-
tals oblong, claved. Stamina three, with two rudiments.
Legume flat, smooth, few-seeded. ida
A native of the Malay Archipelago ; from Sumatra it
has been introduced into the Botanic garden at Calcut-
ta where it blossoms in October and N ovember ; “i
ripen in April.
Stems and branches ligneous, scandent, ue bent in
_ various directions, Bark of the young shoots clothed with
much ferruginous pubescence. Leaves bifarious, petioled,
subobevate, deeply two-lobed, from seven to nine-nerved;
lobes linear oblong, obtuse, pretty smooth on both sides 5
length of the whole leaf from three to five inches, and the
breadth from two to four. Petioles round, villous, half the
length of the leaves. Stipules broad-falcate, obtuse. Ten-
drils simple, ligneous, permanent. Racemes terminal, erect,
solitary, large, many-flowered. Flowers white, changios
to pale yellow when the stamina drop, pretty large, ope
‘Bauhinia. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 831
ing in succession from the base up, fragrant, Peduncles
and pedicels round and clothed with rust coloured down,
like the other tender parts; the latter from one to two
inches long, ascending; apex clavate, this club or en-
largement is hollow, with a perforation from the apex
immediately within the attachment of the pedicel of the
germ, and as itis common to all, it may very properly be
called the tube of the calyx. Bractes minute, caducous
‘at an early period. Calyx of five linear, thick, fleshy,
reflexed, caducous leaflets. Petals five oblong ; base ta-
pering into claws, the exterior two large, the inner
one very small: Filaments five, the three exterior ones
fertile, incurved, shorter than the two longest petals,
smooth, white, the twoinner ones minute. Anthers very
large, incumbent. © Germ short, thick and villous. Stig-
ma very large, and clammy. Legume sublanceolate, thin,
very smooth, of a dark chesnut colour. Seeds a few, near-
ly round, flat, and smooth,
16. B. ferruginea. R.
~ Scandent. Leaves subrotund, two-lobed. Racemes ter-
minal, solitary. Tendrils solitary. Petals lanceolate, ob- —
tuse, downy on the outside. Filaments sah three with
anthers, and two sterile.
_ Avery large, woody, scandent species, a native of
the Malay Islands,. &c- about the straits of Malacca,
“YB. integrifolia. R. RDS?
Scandent. Leaves subrotund, emarginate ; floral aver
cordate, acute. Corymbs panicled. ‘Filaments five, three
with anthers, and two sterile.
— Alarge, woody, climbing species, a native of Pulo Pe
~ Stem, and larger branches woody, climbing over rees,
Ke. bark smooth; 3 young. ‘shoots covered with dark: rust-c a
r os alternate, petioled, orbicular, «
Pp2
332 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Cassia,
ginate, otherwise entire, smooth on both sides; from
seven to eleven-nerved, size very various. Floral leaves _
cordate, with downy nerves and petioles, _ Tendrils gene-
rally axillary, simple, or two-parted. Corymbs terminal,
and from the exterior axils, numerous, forming large ter-
minal panicles ; every part covered with much dark rust-
coloured down. Flowers very numerous, small, of a pale
yellowish colour. Bractes solitary, one-flowered, oblong,
concave, caducous. Calyx witha tubular base. Border
_often divided into five parts. Petals oval, subequal,
waved, expanding. Claws hairy. Filaments five, three
with anthers, longer than the pistil ; two sterile, rather
shorter than the petals, and very slender; the whole,
with the style, ascend in an elegant curve. Germ pedi-
celled, very hairy, from three to four-seeded, inserted on
the lower margin of the mouth of the tube of the calyx.
Stigma peltate,
18. B. cordifolia. R.
Smooth in every part. Leaves cordate, from shigell
five-nerved. Corymbs terminal, Flowers Rripnlronte ene
pedicelled. Stigma peltate, Agistt
_A native of the Moluccas.
CASSIA. Tourn. Gert.
Calyx five-leaved, Petals five, nearly equal, Filennts
unequal. Anihers opening by two slits on the front. -
Note. The genus Cassia, like many others, is now, more
extensive than convenient, I haye therefore, with Gertner ;
separated the lomentaceous species from the leguminous. -
The former under the old generic name Cassia and. he:
latter Senna.
The first are trees of great. beauty, eaten when in :
aynet, the leaves pinnate ; no glands on the common pe
\
Cassia. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 333
tioles but stipulate at the base. Flowers on axillary ra- ,
. cemes. Calyx of five equal leaflets, Corol of five nearly
equal petals. Stamina very unequal; the three Jower fi-
laments much longer. than the rest, with a double curve
below the middle, and in two of them, a large swelling
at the middle. Loment cortical, cylindric, pendulous,
many-celled, with one seed in each. Embryo straight,
furnished with a hard perisperm, large, roundish Cotyle-
and a centrifugal radicle,
BDO, fistula, Willd. 2. p. 518.
‘Leaflets about five pair, ovate oblong. Rucomi panda
lous. Loment cylindric, pendulous ; partitions lined with
soft sweet pulp.
Sans. Soovurnuka.
_ Beng. Soondali.
Hind. Umultuss.
Teling. Rela.
Conna. Rheed. Mal. 1. t. 22.
A native of various parts of the East Indies, as well, I
presume, as of the west; as young trees reared from
West India seed, now ten years old, do notin any
respect differ from these of the East, both are now, April,
in full flower, and the seeds are ripe about nine, or ten
months afterwards. !
Trunk short. Bark smooth,ofa light net Branch-
ésnumerous, spreading in every direction ; general height
of full grown trees from twenty to thirty feet. Leaves al-
ternate, bifarious, pinnate, from twelve to eightecn inches.
long, deciduous in the cool season, and appearing with
the blossoms in April. Leaflets from four to eight pair, five
the most common, opposite or nearly so, short petioletted,
the inferior ones broad-ovate, the superior ones. oblong,
entire, generally obtuse or emarginate, polished on both
Sides, from two to six inches long and from ane anda alt
to three broad, Petioles round, without glands. pets
334 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Cassia.
_vermicular. Stipules minute, conic, Racemes pendulous,
simple, from one to two feet long. Flowers large, bright
yellow fragrant, diverging on long slender, smooth pedi-
cels. Calyx of five, nearly equal, oval, smooth leaflets,
which are much shorter than the corol. Petais equal in
shape ; viz. oval, but differing in size. Filaments the three
lower much longer than the others and having a double
curve, but no swelling, as in some of the other species with
cylindric filaments. Anthers on the three long filaments
oblong, opening by two lines on the face, the other seven
clavate, with pores at the small end. Germ’ pedicelled,
filiform, smooth, one-celled, containing numerous seeds,
which at this period are without any sign of separation,
that appearing in the advanced state, attached to the up —
per margins.’ Style short, incurvate. Stigma conic,
smooth, Loment cylindric, pendulous, &c. as deseribed
by the accurate Geriner, vol. 2.p. 313 t. 147. an
The tree is uncommonly beautiful when in flower, few
surpassing it in the elegance of its numerous long, pen-
dulous racemes of large, bright yellow flowers, inter
ed with ed young, lively green 1 foliage.
ee ob: #3
. ‘ ee 24
Har7e. rhombifolia. R.
' Leaflets about five-pair, rhombiform, polished, abe
pendulous. Loment ghee Sine il lined ee
bitter pulp. | 2 Last:
A native of Ceylon, from thence General Hay Mace
dowall sent seeds to the Botanic garden at Calcutta °
1802, In six years the plants therefrom have attained t3
the height of twenty feet. It blossoms during the months
of May and June, and the ‘seed ripens 1 in Febraaty,
March, and April,
Trunk straight. Bark light ska lbpRaired? and sot!
Branches spreading, with bark like that of the trunk.
Branchléts bifarious, flexuose, round, and smooth. ne
base often remains, and resembles rude thorns, Led
se
wor
Cassia, DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 335
alternate, bifarious, pinnate, rather. more than a foot long,
Leaflets from three to seven pair, opposite, short petiolet-
ted, tapering equally at both ends, rhombiform, entire,
obtuse, polished ; from two to four inches long, and from
one to two broad. _—‘Petioles round, slender, no glands.
Petioles vermicular. Racemes from the leafless branch-
lets of the former year, also axillary, solitary, or in fasci-
cles, pendulous. Flowers large, bright yellow, on long
slender diverging pedicels. Bractes tern, lanceolate, very
early caducous. Calyx of five, nearly equal, oblong, ob-
tuse, concave, smooth leaflets. Petals five, nearly equal,
spreading ; oblong, obtuse, concave. Filaments the lower
three as long as the pistillum. They have a double
curve at the base and ascend ina semicircle. Anthers
on the three long filaments, oblong, and opening in two.
lines on the face, those of the other seven clavate, with
two pores at the smallend. Germ pedicelled, filiform,
smooth, ascending in a semicircular curve, with the three
long filaments, one-celled, in which are numerous seeds
attached to the upper margin. Style short. Stigma minute,
“Loment cylindric, pendulous, above two feet long, and
Scarcely so thick as the little finger, having the sutures
Sometimes strongly marked with Cortex dark brown,
smooth, and hard,and the bristle as in C. fistula,many-cell-
ed, about four in every inch, but not opening spontaneous-
ly. Partitions lined with soft, black, bitterish pulp, Seeds
one in each cell, round, obcordate, the size of a small pea.
Integument simple, hard, and polished. Perisperm con-
form to the seed, of a hard tough texture, and pale ash-
colour, even while fresh. Embryo straight, pale yellow.
Cotyledons nearly round, and so large as to extend to the
integument all round, dividing the perisperm, Plumula
of one pectinate lobe. -Radicle roundish, pape 4
Within: the umbilicus, iM
It differs from ©. fistula in the alison: of the leaves a
more ‘Slenderloment, and general habit of the tree:
336 - DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Cassia,
3. C. nodosa. Buch.
Leaves bifarious ; leaflets ten- -paired, oblong. | Stipules
obliguely crescent-shaped, with a bristle. at each angle.
Racemes lateral. Three lower filaments with a globular
swelling near the middle. irs
A native of Chittagong, In the Botanic garden at
Calcutta it flowers in April.
Trunk short; in one tree twelve years old, it is thirty-
eight inches in Eeceuienains Bark smooth. Branches nu-
merous, bifarious, spreading much ; young shoots slightly
pubescent, grooved, and flexuose. | Leaves bifarious,
spreading, about a foot long or more. Leaflets from eight
to twelve pair, toward the apex narrower and sub-lance-
olate ; the lower pairs ovate and ovate-lanceolar, all are
smooth and entire, from two to three inches long, Petioles
round, slightly villous, without glands, Stipules obli-
quely crescent-shaped, with the extremities lengthen-
ed into long subulate spurs. Racemes lateral, ont
naked, two or more year-old branchlets, simple. _Bractes
three-fold, one-flowered, narrow-lanceolate, the lateral
pair smaller. Pedicels slender, villous, diverging, about
two inches long, one-flowered. Flowers large, of a beal-
tiful pale pink colour. Leaflets of the. calyx equal,
ovate. Petals lanceolate, nearly equal, eight or ten times
longer than the calyx. Filaments ten, very unequal ; the
lower three much longer, each with a globular swell-
ing near the middle and a double curye below it. Anthers
on the three long filaments opening on the sides, the rest
opening by two pores at the base. Germ pedicelled, incuty>
ed, cylindric, one-celled, containing numerous seeds ab
tached to the upper suture or concaye side. Style vey
short. Stigma minute, green. _-Loment cylindric, pend-
lous, about two feet long, more than eighty-celled, with
transverse partitions, lined with a dry substance. Seed $0
litary, Perisperm in small quantity, and particularly yel-
low. Embryo as in ©. bacillus, Ke. see. ataeie ak
313. oe
Cassia. | DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 337
4. C. bacillus. Gert, sem. 2. p. 313.
Leaflets from ten to” twelve pair, oblong, or pie: ob-
tuse. Stipules crescent-shaped, adnate. Racemes termi-
nal, on short lateral branchlets. |The three lower fila-
ments with an oval, swelling near the middle, » | «
- Cassia fistula silvestris, Rumph. Amb. 2, t. 22.
A native of the Malay Islands. From seed received from
Sumatra into the Botanic garden at Calcutta many trees
have been reared. They blossom during the hot season
and ripen their seed in February. _ When in flower it is
by far the most beautiful cassia Ihave yet seen,
Trunk of our young trees rather crooked and leaning
to one side. Bark smooth, dark brown, spreading almost
horizontally, with alternate, bifarious spreading-flexuose
branchlets. — Spines, the base of many of the branchlets
become such, and of great strength, and size. Leaves: al-
ternate, bifarious, pinnate, from six to twelve inches
long. Leaflets generally from eight to fourteen pair
though on the small lateral floriferous branchlets they are
often only from two to three or four pair, all very short
petioletted, oval, or oblong, entire, very obtuse or even
Marginate and smooth; from one to two inches long
and about half that in breadth. Petioles without glands.
Stipules crescent-shaped, lower half narrower, and less
obtuse, the upper half much broader and emarginate,
With a bristle.. Racemes terminal, on short lateral branch-
lets.’ Bractes ten, cordate, cuspidate, one-flowered. Pe-
dicels long, and slender. Calyx of five, ovate, dull red-
dish leaflets; many times smaller than the corol. Petals
oblong; differing in size only, ofia lovely pink or rose
colour, Stamina all fertile, the three lower filaments
much longer, and having each an oval swelling near the
middle and a double curve below it. Anthers on the three
long filaments ovate; onthe other seven incumbent,
with pores'at the small end. Germ long-pedicelled, su~
bulate, one-celled, containing numerous seeds. chet
Q4q Z
338 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Cassia,
to the upper suture, Loment cylindric, from eighteen to
twenty-four inches long and about three quarters of an
inch in diameter, covered with very dark brown, rather
smooth, torose bark, &c. as in cassia fistula, which it re-
sembles so exactly that the soft sweet pulp of fistula is
the only distinguishing mark. In this species the cells
between the seventy or eighty partitions are filled with
a spongy substance in which is a roomy cell for each
seed, Seed solitary, obovate, a little compressed, the size
_ of a pea, smooth, ofa shining brown colour. Integument
simple, when fresh rather soft and tough. Perisperm
of a tough, soft, horny texture, and brownish colour.
Embryo straight, yellowish. Cotyledons two, oval, cot-
date, three-nerved- | Plumula two-lobed, one large, and
pinnatifid, the other a minute point. Radicle oval, me
immediately within the umbilicus. 358
5. C. marginaia. R.
Leaflets fifteen pair, oblong, margined. Bate: semisa-
gittate. Racemes axillary.
A native of Ceylon introduced into Di Botanic gar-
den at Calcutta by General Macdowall in 1802, where
it blossoms during the rains, and ripensits seed in March
and April. The tree is at all times uncommonly bang
ful and particularly so when in flower.
Trunk tolerably straight, in trees six years old ahonk:
two feet in circumference, and covered with deeply crack-
ed, dull, light brown-coloured bark. Branches spreading
much, secondary branches, and branchlets bifarious a0‘
horizontal, Bark of the larger branches greenish, ash-€
lour, spotted with brownish spongy excrescences ;
shoots fiexuose, furrowed and villous. Leaves alternate
bifarious, drooping a little, pinnate, from six to ten inches
long. Leaflets from ten to twenty pairs, linear-oblong,
often emarginate, a little villous underneath, having ‘the at
margins oni smelt, thickened, about one inch :
Senna, DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 339
long and halfaninch broad. Petioles channelled, villous,
with glands upon them. Stipules semisagittate, both barbs
and the apex cuspidate and curved. Racemes axillary, so-
litary, much shorter than the leaves. Bractes tern, lanceo-
late, the inner two on the base of the pedicel, and much
smaller. Flowers of a middling size, pink colour, marked
with greenish nerves and veins, Petals nearly equal, three
on the upper side and two on the under. Stamina all se-
mifertile ; the three lower ones much the longest and with
a double curve below the middle, but no swelling as in
C. nodosa, and some of the other species, the anthers on
the three long filaments, are ovate and erect, all the |
others are incumbent, with pores at the small end. Lo-
ment cylindric, from eight to twelve inches long, and as
thick as a man’s little finger, covered with a dark brown,
torosé, somewhat ligneous bark; divided by transverse
partitions, into thirty or forty cells, in which is lodged,a )
soft, white, spongy substance which involves the s
Seeds solitary, obovate, size of a small pea. Integuments
single, smooth, light brown. Perisperm conform to the
seed, soft, and tough, divided to the base into two lobes
by the large cotyledons. Embryo straight, green, Cotyle-
dons oval-cordate, three-nerved, transversely curved like —
the letter S. Plumula of two very unequal lobes, the
largest pinnatifid; the smallest a mere point. — sect
roundish; ee within the umbilionsy! td
SENNA. Gert.
Catys five-leaved. Corol irregular, five-petalled. Fer-
file anthers beaked, opening by'two pores at top. |
Bathe two pair, oval. Stipules and bractes iiform, i
340 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIAy Senna,
A minute, erect, flexuose, hairy plant, with small yel-
low flowers; in small subterminal racemes. . A native of
Bengal ; it flowers about the close of the rains.
2. S. absus. R. af
Biennial, clammy. Leaflets two pair, eure Flow-
ers pentandrous. Stamens five, equal. Legumes straight,
hairy, six-seeded. ; ‘vif
Cassia absus. Willd. 2.514.
~ A small bi- or triennial, ramous species, every ee
which, the leaves excepted, is covered with aati:
hairs.
Leaves alternate, bifarious, twice-pedands sitassialle
quely-oval,obtuse, somewhat hairy on the under side; about
aninch long. Petiolesthe length of the leaflets. _ Glands
an awled one between each pair of leaflets. Stipules acute.
_Racemes either opposite to the insertion of the leaves
or nearly so, or terminal, few flowered. Flowers yellow,
small. Pedicels bracted at the middle. Calyx glandular.
Stamens five, equal, no rudiments of more ;_ the anthers
opening by a slit on each side of the pointed apex and not
by round lobes in the apex. Legumes hairy, six-seeded-
Seeds black. : Deeb
3. S. Tora. R. br
Annual. Branches spreading. Leaflets pe He
obovate-cuneate, a subulate gland between each of the
lower two pairs. Stipules subulate. Flowers in axillary
pairs. Legumes long, recurved, subcylindric. eae
merous, sO
Cassia tora. Willd, 2. 515.
Sans. ort ie
Teling. Tantim. : 4
A little more robust than the last, and a native oft the
same country. le entennentien pontae
Senna. DECANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 341
4. S. toroides. R.
- Annual. Leaflets three pair, cuneate, obovate, a ope
late gland. between the lower pair only, — Flowers in axil-
lary pairs on a short common peduncle. Stipules subu-
late. Legume linear, four-sided.
The seeds of this plant were sent from Mysore to the
Botanic garden at Calcutta by Dr. Buchanan in 1800,
and about the close of 1801 the plants blossomed.
Stem annual, erect, somewhat woody. branches ; spread-
ing, height of the whdle plant about six feet. Leaves
pinnate, spreading or drooping. Leaflets three pair, oc-
cupying the exterior half of the petiole, obovate-cuneate,
sessile, entire, villous ; the lower pair smaller ; all some-
what acuminate, with a small soft bristle, from one
to two inches long. Glands, a single, yellow, subulate
one between the lower pair of leaflets only. Stipules
subulate, villous. _ Flowers axillary, in pairs, large, yel-
low, on long pedicles, inserted on a short common pedun-
cle, with some small bractes about the insertion, one of
the two uniformly proves abortive. Petals, the upper one
obcordate, the rest oval. Filaments, the three upper ones
minute, and abortive ; the lower seven nearly equal and
fertile. Legume long, straight, four-sided, with a dou-
ble groove, or three keels on each margin, from six to
nine inches long. Seeds numerous, from twenty to thir-
ty, trapeziform, smooth, pale brown, __. De
_This plant is allied toC. Tora. The best ‘specific dif.
ference is one gland only, and that between the lower
Pair of leaflets, in Tora there are always two, that i is
pee between each of the two lower pairs. But in appear-
ance and smell the difference is very great, This grows
nearly erect, to the height of six or more feet, and has_
little or no smell whereas in the same soil, and with the
Same treatment. Tora is diffuse, rarely more than one oF
two feet high, the flowers and legumes are much oe
‘and the smell very different,
342 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Senna,
5. S. aurata. R.
Shrubby. Leaflets three pair, ovate-oblong, sled
smooth, having a conic gland between each pair. Stipules
and bractes ensiform. Racemes corymbose. Legumes cy-
lindric, obtuse, pendulous.
A stout, lucid, very handsome shrub, with many large,
bright gold coloured flowers ; a native of the countries
and islands to the eastward of the Bay of Bengal. In the
Botanic garden at Calcutta it blossoms freely wig
the rains and the seed ripens in the cool season.
6. S. bicapsularis. R.
Shrubby, with long, weak, slender, smooth, distivairidut
branches. Leaflets four-pair, obovate ; a globular yellow
gland between the lower pair. Stipules subulate. Ra-
cemes axillary, as long as the leaves. Two of the anthers
much larger. Legume torulose, many-seeded.
Cassia bicapsularis. Willd. 2. 516.
Probably not a native of India ; how it came into tho!
Botanic garden at Calcutta is uncertain, but there it is”
now common, and blossoms about the close of the nae
in September and October. .
7. S. purpurea, R. a FOR Ae
Annual, erect, smooth, Leaflets from four to: six pait,
lanceolar, on hemispheric glands at the base of the
petiole, the lower one and three superior stamens sterile. 2
Legumes turgid, many-seeded. waite
Beng. Kala-Kalkashinda.
Teling. Conda kashinda. ;
A large, erect, ramous, annual species, a native of the: eae
mountainous parts of the Coast. Ihave raised it from
seeds in my garden, and from these plants this descrip- —
tion is taken. Flowering time the cold season, “ a :
plant is about three feet high, = 0
Siem erect, as thick as the little sive: anhiag snooty
Senna. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. $343
somewhat woody, purple coloured. Branches numer-
ous, ascending, a little flexuose, very smooth ; of a deep,
clear, reddish purple colour. Leaves remote, from four to
six-paired. Leaflets oblong, lanceolar, smooth, entire,
ending in a_ soft bristle, the interior one generally the
largest ; in breadth nearly equal, from one to one and a
half inches long, and about half an inch broad. Petioles
smooth, purple, channelled. Glands a semiglobular one
neatthe base of the petiole, Racemes axillary, solitary,
shorter than the leaves, few-flowered. Flowers pretty
large, bright yellow. Bractes broad lanceolate, falling.
Stamens as in the genus, except that, as in C. sophora
and esculenta, the inferior one is small, and sterile. Stig-
ma incurved, perforated. Paes sub-cylindric. Seeds
very numerous.
8. S. occidentalis. R.
Annual, erect, ramous, Leaflets four or five pairs, ovate
lanceolate, acuminate, having a dark brown, polished,
_ hemispheric gland on the tumid base of the petiole. Le-
_ gume linear, subcylindric.
Cassia occidentalis. Willd. 2. 518.
A native of Bengal. Flowering time the rainy season.
The smell of every partheavy and offensive in the extreme.
Stem erect, smooth, rather polished, somewhat ligne-
ous, though generally annual. Branches many, ast B
ing, flexuose, smooth, coloured with a mixture of dark
purple and green ; height of the whole plant from three
to six feet. Leaves alternate, pinnate, from four to eight
inches long. Leaflets four or five pair, the lowermost
ovate, and smallest, the superior ones ovate-oblong and
much larger, all smooth, entire, and acuminate, fromi one —
to three inches long, and from one to one and a half
broad. Petioles nearly round, and smooth; on the green .
tumid base is a polished, dark brown, hemisphee Bo
gland. ‘Stipules semi-ovate, aes curled, cadu
344 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. — Senna.
cous. Flowers terminal and axillary, when terminal they
form an uninterrupted raceme ; when axillary they are
three, four, or five, on a very ‘dines common pedunele.
Pedicels much longer than the peduncle. Calyx, scarcely”
half the length of the corol.. Corol, the lower two petals,
rather smaller than the other three, and closer together.
Filaments, the lower one small and abortive, the next pair
largest, the next two pairs smaller, and with the large
pair, fertile, the upper one small, and barren. Legume
nearly straight, when full grown about as thick as a ag
tan and nearly cylindric. Seeds numerous.
9. S. obtusa, R- 3
Diffuse. Leaflets five-pair, obovate obtuse. Petioles
without glands, Stipules cordate-lanceolate. Racemes
axillary. Legume lunate. "fee
Cassia senna. Burm. H. Ind, t. 35. f. 2.
A native of the high, dry, uncultivated lands of My-
sore, where the leaves are used as a substitute for semm =
The seeds were sent by Dr. Buchanan from Seringapa-
tam to the Botanic garden at Calcutta, where the or
thrives well, flowering and ripening its seed most part of
the year. — #
Root perennial. _ Stems scarcely any, but many strage
gling branches resting on the ground, . Leaves. nearly bi-
farious, five or six inches long. Leaflets from four to Si&
pairs, linear-oblong, with the exterior pair more cuneat®,
all obtuse, and somewhat villous, about one ait?
Petioles slightly channelled without any appearance of
glands. Stipules tapering, from an ovate-cordate base.
Racemes axillary, solitary, shorter than the leaves, beat- ; :
ing a few small, yellow, short-pedicelled flowers. Bractes
ovate-cordate, acuminate, concave, one-flowered. Caly*
about a third shorter than the corol. Filaments, the t°
uppermost small and sterile. Legume broad, shin canes
pres croonsils in one potpesins smooth 5
Senna. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 345
two inches long and three quarters of an inch broad.
Seeds from six to eight, wedge-shaped, rugose, &c. as in
Cassia senna.
10. S. arborescens. R.
Arboreous. Leaflets five or six pairs, oblong, with a
pedicelled gland between each of the lower two or three
pairs, Stipules falcate. Racemes axillary. Legumes linear,
thin, pendulous, many-seeded.
Cassia arborescens. Willd. 2. 520.
C. glauca, Lamarck’s Encycl. 1. 647,
- Wellia tagera. Rheed. Mal. 6. t.9. and 10,
Itis a native of various parts of India, and in blossom
in the Botanic garden at Calcutta most part of the year,
Trunk rarely straight and in length and size very vari-
ous. Branches numerous, spreading in every direction.
Bark of the trank, and larger branches of a brownish ash
colour, and tolerably smooth; that of the youngshoots
smooth and green. Leaves scattered, pinnate, from six to
teninches long. Leaflets from four to six pair, elliptic ; the
_ inferior pairs smallest, and broader in proportion to their
length ; smooth on both sides, and of a pale green colour,
the superior pair about three inches long, and about one
and a quarter broad, Petioles round, smooth, havi ng a pedi-
celled, brown, round gland between each of the lowertwo
or three pairs of leaflets. Stipules falcate, incurved. Ra-
cemes axillary, solitary, about half the length of the leaves
erect, bearing near the apex, many, large, pale yellow,
long-pedicelled flowers. Bractes solitary, one-flowered,
elliptic, revolute, caducous. Calyx, leaflets very unequal,
pale yellow, smooth. Petals nearly equal, expanding.
Anthers all fertile, and nearly equal, though the inferior
two have much longer filaments than the other eight.
Legumes linear, thin, contracted between the seeds,
Smooth, pendulous, from six to eight inches lon and oe
about three quarters of an inch broad,
Rr
346 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA.- Senna. — va
- 11. 8S. officinalis. Gert.
Biennial, ramous. Leaflets six-paired, lanceolar, no
glands. Stipules acute, expanding. Racemes axillary. Te |
gumes oblong, incurved, thin.
Cassia Senna. Willd. 2. 520.
Arab. Suna, or Sena.
A native of the interior of India, as well of Arabia, Kc.
12. S. esculenta. R.
Annual, erect. Leaflets seven or eight pair, lanced-
late, acute, Racemes terminal, panicled. Legumes lines,
turgid, many-seeded. ,
Teling. Nutee-kashinda-kura.
A large, erect, annual, much like cassia sophora, but
not so very offensive in its smell. It grows about
hedges, rubbish, &c. with that plant, but is not so com-
mon. Flowers during the cold season,
Stem erect, flexuose, a little furrowed, commonly from
two to three feet high. Branches few, nearly erect, axilla-
ry, in form like the stem. Leaves alternate, abruptly-
pinnate, six or seven inches long. Leaflets from six t0
nine pair, lanceolate, acute, entire, smooth, soft, when
young a little downy ; two or two and a half inches
long, and three-fourths of an inch broad, Petioles chan-
nelled, ending in a brown bristly point. Glands a club-
bed one near the base of the petiole. Stipules small, ca-
ducous. Racemes terminal, and from the exterior axils,
the terminal one a large, compound pannicle, the axil-
lary ones smaller and simple. Flowers middle-sized,
yellow. Stamens, the lower one small and sterile, the next
two large ; the next four middle-sized ; ‘the upper tees
small and sterile,
The smell of this plant is bear and disagreeable. — Its,
leaves are eaten in curries by the natives. —
Senna. ' DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 347
13. S. sophora. R.
Annual, erect. Leaves from eight to ten-paired, lance-
- olar, smooth ; the lower much smaller, a clavate gland
at the base of the petiole. Upper petal retuse. The
lower and three upper stamina sterile. Legume linear,
turgid, many-seeded.
Cassia sophora. Willd. 2. 525.
Beng. Kul-kashinda, and the dark purple variety,
which is as common as the Mite they call Kala-kul ka-
. shinda.
Ponnam-tagera. Hort. Mal. 2. t. 52.
Gallinaria acutifolia. Rumph. Amb. 5, t. 97. f. 1.
A native of Bengal, &c. Flowering in the rainy and
cold season.
14. S. speciosa. R.
Arborescent. Leaflets from eight to nine-paired, oblong,
obtuse, having a smooth pedicelled gland between the
lower two, or three pairs. Racemes axillary, long-pedun-
Cled. Legumes leafy, linear.
‘This species I have only found in gardens; there it is
“a most shewy plant, aud in flower most part of the year.
Trunk erect, Branches many, ascending. Leaves nu-
merous, about six inches long. Leaflets from eight to
nine pair, oblong, obtuse, smooth, the interior pairs larg-
est ; a pedicelled gland ‘bebween each of the lower two
or three pairs. Stipules ensiform, inflexed. Racemes axil-
lary, solitary, long-peduncled, Flowers numerous, large,
yellow. Bractes solitary, one-flowered, lanceolar oblong.
Stamens, all the ten fertile. Legumes thin, leafy, about six
inches long, and less than one broad.
15. S. Sumatrana., R. i
Arboreous. Leaflets from six to ten pairs, oblong, emar-
ginate, smooth, glands none. Stipules minute, subulate.
Panicles terminal. Legumes linear, Es, pa | :
Rr2.
348 ‘DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Senna.
The seeds of this quickly growing, beautiful, stately,
useful species were. sent to me from Bencoolen by Dr, —
C. Campbell in the beginning of 1800, and in two years
the young trees reared from them, were not less than from
ten to twenty feet high, and stout in proportion. In
August, 1801, they blossomed for the first time and ripen-
ed their ssed in April, 1802. Now, 1809, they have grown
to a very great size for their age, with a trunk thirty-six
inches in circumference and four feet above ground.
Trunk straight and covered with smooth, olive-colour-
ed bark. Branches few, spreading. Leaves numerous, —
alternate, pinnate, from six inches to a foot long. Leaf-
lets from four to fourteen pair, opposite, short-petioletted,
oblong, entire, smooth, polished, of a deep, shining green,
the exterior pairs largest ; are entire, more or less emat-
ginate, with a small bristle at the apex ; from two to
three inches long and from half an inch to an inch broad,
Petioles smooth and channelled, no glands. Stipules
minute, subulate, caducous. Panicles terminal, very
large, erect, ovate, composed of many alternate, corym-
biform racemes. Flowers numerous, large, bright yellow.
Bractes lanceolate, concave, one-flowered. Calyx of
five, unequal, pale yellow, roundish, concave reflexed
leaflets, about one-third the length of the corol, Corol the
superior petal small, longer-clawed, and -obcordate ; the
other four nearly equal, and almost round. Filaments se
ven fertile ones, but asin the genus, differing much in size;
the three uppermost barren, and small. Legumes linear,
thin, swelled a little at the seed, smooth, both margils —
rounded, of a dark brown, from six to eight inches long.
Seeds many, thin, oval, of a dark shining brown colour. —
Dr. Campbell says that it is one of their most usefal
trees in Sumatra, is of rapid growth, and the wood not
inferior to Ebony when old. . I may “add that in Bengal
its growth is also. uncommonly rapid and the tree one of -
the most beautiful the ean: can boast of. :
Senna. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 349
16. S. auriculata. R.
Shrubby. Leaflets ten-paired, oblong. Stipules ear-
shaped. Racemes terminal, corymbiform. Legumes mem-
branous, from ten to twelve seeded.
Cassia auriculata, Willd. 2. 526.
Teling. 'Tangheroo.
It is one of the most common shrubs on the coast of
Coromandel, looks well, and is in flower during the whole.
of the year.
Stems trifling, crooked. Branches spreading i in all direc-
tions ; bark dark-coloured, and pretty smooth ; the whole
plant is in general from four to eight feet high. Leaves
scattered, from eight to twelve-paired. Leaflets oblong,.
entire, mucronate, a little downy. Glands a subulate
one between each pair of leaflets. Stipules kidney-form,
behind is along spur on the side next the petiole. Ra-
cemes terminal, and from the exterior axils, sometimes
compound, corymbiform. Bractes three-fold at the in-—
Sertion of the pedicels, Flowers large, numerous, bright
yellow. Calyx, the two exterior leaflets small. Stamens
asin the genus, Legume linear, membranaceous, waved,
from ten to twelye-seeded. ;
With the bark the natives commonly tan and dye their
leather of a buff colour, It is a pretty strong, eee as-
tringent.
The caterpillar ofa large species of silk worm feeds on
penton of this plant, yee: Aaa
yy, S. alata. R.
Shrubby. Leaflets from ten to twelve pair, linear-ob-.
long ; no glands. Racemes terminal. Bractes coloured,
caducous. Legumes enlarged on each side with a broad |
Crenulated wing. Seeds numerous. __ ;
Cassia alata. Willd. 2. 523. Herpetica, Sic obs 2. .
24. t. 45. f.2. a
Herpetica, Rumph, Amb, 7, t. 18.
bik
350 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Senna.
Sans. Dadrooghna.
Hind. and Beng. Dad-murdun.
Tam. Wandu Rolli.
Teling. Mitta tamara.
The English, and I believe all other Europeans on this
coast, callitalso Mitta tamara.
Itisa large shrub found in our gardens ; where it is
indigenous | cannot say. In a cultivated state it flowers
during the latter part of the wet season, and beginning
of the cold. The seeds ripen during the latter part of srk
cold season.
Stem erect, often as thick asa man’s leg, marked re
cicatrices of the fallen leaves, and the permanent stipules
which appear like prickles. Leaves scattered, abruptly
pinnate, two feet long. Leaflcts opposite, from eight to
- fourteen pair, the exterior largest, linear-oblong, obtuse,
or emarginate, with a point, smooth, entire, veined ; 5
from three to six inches long, and from two to two and@
half broad ; the lower pair more distant from the next
pair than the others above, nearly round and reflexed _
back on the stem or branches. Petioles channelled ; the
channel large and formed by two thin, firm yellow bor-
ders ; there is a cross-bar between each pair of leaflets, CO-
vered with small dark-coloured bristies and no other
gland, each of them terminates in a cordate point. St
pules ear-shaped, rigid, pointed, lasting. Racemes ter
minal and from the exterior axils, long, sometimes two-
forked, nearly erect. Flowers numerous, simple, large, ;
yellow. Bractes large, one-flowered, oval, concave, yel-
low, caducous. Calyx coloured like the corol. Legume
horizontal, from five tu six inches long, enlarged with @
broad crenulated wing on each side which runs oe
whole length. Seeds numerous. —
The Telinga and Tamul Phystohaiia say it cures” yan!
poisonous bites and other venereal outbreakings, and al-
so strengthens the body. | The fresh leaves-are very OF
*
Senna. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 351
ten employed to cure ring-worms, ‘They are well rubbed
into the parts affected, once or twice a day, and generally
with great success. ;
Seeds from the West Indies received into the Bo-
tanic garden at Calcutta, under the name Cassia herpeti-
ca produced this very plant.
18. S. glauca. R.
Arboreous. Leaflets as far as sixteen pair, linear, ob-
tuse, smooth, no glands. Stipules minute. Panicles ter-
minal, composed of distinct corymbs. Legume linear,
from eight to ten-seeded, having a conical gland on the
upper edge of its pedicel which is particularly conspicu-
ous in the germ.
A pretty large tree, a native of the Carnatic, from hence
Dr. Berry sent seeds to the Botanic garden at Calcutta,
where it blossoms in November and December, with
Senna Sumatrana which it much resembles, but differs in
the number, and shape of the leaves, the shape of the pe-
tals, and the pale glaucus colour of the whole foliage, the
seed ripens in March.
Trunk of young three-years-old trees in the Botanic
garden erect, thick as a man’s leg, with smooth brownish
bark. Branches spreading ; young shoots smooth and
Coloured, whole height of the trees about fifteen feet,
Leaves alternate, pinnate, from six to twelve inches long.
Leaflets from eight to sixteen pair, linear-oblong, smooth,
obtuse, with a slender bristle at the apex, from one to
two inches long, and about half an inch broad. Petioles
channelled, and destitute of glands. Stipules minute, ca-
ducous, Panicles terminal, composed of simple, expand-
ing corymbs,
A single, simple, similar corymb is generally found in
* the axil of each of the exterior leaves. Flowers pretty
large, yellow. Petals the lower pair oi and more bean:
Mote from each other. Stamens simple, sever me ee
352 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Senna,
ly equal and fertile, the superior three small and sterile.
Legume linear, very thin; smooth, somewhat pedicelled,
with a gland, or conical process on the upper edge of the
pedicel. This is particularly conspicuous in the germ,
and is a good specific mark and immediately distinguish-
es it from S. Sumatrana which has no such gland and is
the only species known to me, forwhich it can be mistaken.
Seeds generally about fifteen, separated by very firm dis-
tinct partitions, and attached by convolute slender cords
to the upper margin.
19. S. prostrata. R.
Perennial, prostrate. Leaflets minute, twenty-paired,
daggered. Peduncles from two to three-flowered. Sta-
mens five ; all fertile. Legumes straight, six-seeded.
Teling. Nalla Jeelooga.
A native of pasture ground. Flowers during the wet
and cold seasons. 32 ome
Root woody, perennial. Stems perennial, numerous,
spreading every way and pressing close upon the ground,
round, a little hairy, about a foot long. Leaves pinnate, al-
ternate, bifarious. Leaflets from twelve to twenty-six pait,
‘minute, linear, acute, the lower margin ciliate.
a long pedicelled, peltate one between the lower pair of
leaflets. Stipules semilanced, very acute. Flowers above
the axils, peduncled, small, yellow, from one to three.
Calyx. Leaflets equal, daggered. Stamens five, nearly
equal ; no sterile filaments. Legumes linear ; partitions
obliquely-transverse, as is Galega, smooth. Seeds from
six to seven, shining, dark brown.
_ Cattle eat it.
» 20.8. dimidiata, Buch.. i aS :
_ Annual, slender, erect. Leaflets thirty pair, with aflat
gland between the lowermost. Peduncles above the axil8
from two to four-flowered- Stamens four, or five, all fer
Senna. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA,. 353
tile, but two coloured. Legume straight, from ten to fif-
teen seeded,
A native of Nepal, from thence seeds were sent by Dr.
Buchanan, to the Botanic garden at Calcutta, where the
plants thrive luxuriantly, and are in blossom and seed
most part of the year. It is a beautiful, delicate species.
Root sometimes biennial. Stems and branches straight ;
the lower parts round, and smooth, the superior and more
tender parts clothed with a few curved hairs ; the gene-
ral height of the plants in the Botanic garden is about
three feet. Leaves alternate, bifarious, pinnate, from two
to three inches long. Leaflets numerous, semilanceolate,
smooth. Glands a pretty large one between, or rather
under the lower pair of leaflets. Stipulets fine taper-point-
ed. Peduncles solitary, rather above the axils, very
short, each producing in succession, three or four long-
pedicelled, small, yellow flowers. Stamina four or five,
all fertile, two of the anthers are always coloured. Stigma
large, with a sharp ciliate margin. Legumes straight,
smooth, containing from six to twelve, or even fifteen
seeds.
QL. S. sensitiva. R.
Perennial, procumbent. Leaflets minute, from forty to
fifty pairs. Peduncles from one to two flowered, Stamens
_ ten, all fertile. Legumes straight, many-seeded.
A small, elegant, procumbent plant, growing on pas-
ture ground. It flowers during the wet season.
Root perennial. Stems or branches many, procumbent,
alternate, bifarious, a little hairy, with the extremities
ascending, from twelve to eighteen inches long. Leaves
pinnate, alternate, bifarious, from one to two inches long,
Leaflets from thirty to sixty pairs, minute, obliquely-
oblong, pointed. Glands, a round, peltate, sessile one be-
tween the lowest pair of leaflets. Petioles upper side ridg-
“bey notched, with a minute bristle in each of 1e Di
: Ss nes
354 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Senna.
Stipules at the base cordate, tapering to an acute point.
Peduncles above the axils, one or two, one-third the
length of the leaves, one-flowered. Bractes one or more
embracing the base of the peduncle, and two opposite
near the apex. Flowers yellow, the stamens being much
shorter than the pistil, bow till the germ is impregnated.
Stamens ten, nearly equal. Legume erect, linear, flat,
from fifteen to twenty-seeded.
_ Note. Itis at first sight very much like S. prostrata but
on examination they prove very different. The leaves are
considerably more sensitive than any other of this genus,
that I know.
22. S. tenella. R. abe
Biennial, erect, ramous. Leaflets from fifty to sixty
pair, minute, linear-lanceolate mucronate, a flat gland
between the lower pair. Petioles sharp-edged and crenu-
late on the upper side. Flowers one or two, rarely three,
above the axils. Anthers ten, all fertile. ae from
ten to twelve-seeded.
It isa native of the interior parts of Bengal, and from a
thence was introduced into the Botanic garden at Cal-
cutta, by Dr. W. Carey in 1799, where it blossoms during
the rains, and the seeds ripen during the cold season.
Root about biennial in the Botanic garden at Calcutta.
Stem erect, slender, with many expanding, slender, bifa- )
rious, somewhat hairy branches, height of the whole plant,
ina good soil from two to three feet. Leaves alternate,
bifarious, pinnate, from two to three inches long. Leaflets
from forty to sixty pairs, very small, lanceolate, mucro-
nate, and smooth. Petioles villous, with the upper-edge
sharp and crenulate, and a large flat cland at the lower
pair of leaflets. Stipules semilanceolate, acute. Peduncle,
common, a little above the axils, short, each bearing 2 —
succession two or three, pretty large, bright yellow flow-
ets on long pedicels. | Bractes one at the base of each
_ Poinciana. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 355
pedicel and two below the flowers near the apex of the
pedicels. Calyx ; leaflets lanceolate, rather shorter than
the petals. Petals orbicular, the two lower ones smaller
than the others. Anthers ten, all fertile, alternately larger.
Legumes linear-cuneate, much compressed, suberect,
smooth, from one to two inches long, containing from six
to twelve or even more seeds.
POINCIANA. Schreb. gen. n. 701.
Calyx five-leaved. Petals five, unequal, the highest
longer clawed, more beautifully coloured, and fringed.
Stamina long, ascending, naked, all fertile.
1. P. pulcherrima. Linn.
Shrubby, armed. Leaves bipinnate. Leaflets oblong,
emarginate. Racemes terminal, corymbifo orm. Claw of
the upper petal tubular. Stamina much longer than the
petals,
Cesalpinia pulcherrima. Ed, sp. Willd. Q, 531.
Tsetti-mandarum, Rheed. Mal. 6. t. 1.
Sans, Krishna choora.
Beng. Krishna-choora.
Tam, Komri.
~Common in gardens all over India, and in flower and
. 8eed the whole year. Plants reared from seed fromthe
West Indies do not in any respect differ from those of
Thdia. nr 8
The trunk of this little tree or cas shrub, when old,
Ihave found constantly hollow, and occupied by a large
ted dark brown ant, From these, when disturbed, they
issue forth in numbers, and by their bite inflict a severe
and painful punishment on their disturbers.
oghape elata.. Lin. Spec, 544. ; 3
_ Arboreous, unarmed. Leaves bipinnate. Leafle
Ss2 ?
356 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA., Caesalpinia,
Cesalpinia elata. Willd. 2. p. 532,
A native of Coromandel, where it blossoms — the
dry season. :
Trunk erect, though rarely straight, often as thick asa
man’s body. Bark pretty smooth, ash-coloured. Branches
numerous, spreading much, the general height of full
grown trees from twenty to thirty feet. Leaves alternate,
bipinnate, about six inches long. Pinne from six to
seven pair, opposite. Leaflets from ten to twenty pait,
sessile, opposite, linear, smooth; about four lines long,
and one in breadth. Petioles common, grooved on the
upper side, smooth, and without glands, Stipules mi-
nute, subulate. Racemes terminal, corymbiform, simple,
few-flowered. Flowers large, very gaudy, inodorous,
yellow. Bractes small, one-flowered, caducous. Calyx
divided to its fleshy base, into five, equal, lanceolate
segments, which are villous on the inside. Petals five,
inserted on the fleshy base of the calyx, of which the up-
per one is smaller, and deeper coloured, all nearly
round, and much curled round the edge. Filaments ten,
equal, ascending, afterwards recurved, twice the length
of the petals, thick and villous at the base, inserted 0B
the calyx, within the petals. Anthers incumbent. Germ
sessile, linear, villous, one-celled, with from fifteen te
twenty ovula attached to the upper suture. Style as long
as the filaments, for some time after the flower expands
modestly recurved from the filaments, which have thed
a different direction, afterwards ascending, when the fila
ments become declinate, Stigma small, turbinate,
ge _ CAESALPINIA. Schreb. gen. n. 703.
Calyx, base permanent ; border five-parted, and deci-
dnous. Corol irregular, five-petalled, the upper on
smaller, Filaments dat Anthers all the. ten See
_, and open on their sides, _ i mt ipa gS
Caesalpinia. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA, ma sf
1. C. Sappan. Willd. 2. 533, R.Corom, pl. 1. p.17: t.16,
Arboreous, armed. Leaves bipinnate ; pinne from ten
to twelve pair; leaflets from ten to twelve pair, some-
what dolabriform, Panicles terminal. Legumes pata
sub-trapeziform, from three to four-seeded.
Lignum sappan. Rumph,. Amb. 4. t. 21.
Sans. Patanga.
Teling, Beng. and Hind. Bukkum. This is also said to
be the Arabic and Persian name.
Tjsam-pangam:. Hort. Mal. 6. ¢. 2.
Found in most parts of India, and its islands, It flow-
ers in the hot season.
2. C. Bonduccella. R. Fleming in Asiat. Res. 11. 159.
Scandent, armed. Leaves bipinnate ; pinne seven pair ;
leaflets eight pairs, ovate-oblong. Stipules large, and
pinnatifid. Bractes lanceolate, reflected. Racemes sim-
ple, above the axils. Legumes armed, tWo-seeded. .
-Puticaraja. Asiat. Res. 2. p. 351 ; also 4, p. 276. and
IL. 159.
Guilandina bonduccella, Linn. Lamarck, &c.
Globuli majores. Rumph. Amb. 5. t. 49. f. 1.
Caretti. Rheed. Mal. 2. t, 22.
Beng. Nata.
Hind. Katkarunja, Katkulija.
_ The plants reared from seed from the West Indies,
Proved to be exactly the same. The seed is a powerful
tonic. gp Balt
3. C. oleosperma. R.
Scandent, prickly. Leaves bipinnate ; pinne and leaf.
lets eight paired. Stipules subulate. Legumes unarmed,
from two to three-seeded, and swelled at the anes
» Beng. Umul-koochi. PPO
-Teling- Noonee glika. Nosiolin means oil, oily +H
This seems to me to be an undescribed ecie: ?
358 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Caesalpinia,
much the habit of Bonduccella. 1t flowers during the wet
season. The seeds ripen in March and April- fas
Stem and branches climbing, woody, armed with many :
small, sharp, recurved prickles. Leaves alternate, abrupt-
ly-bipinnate, oblong, from eight to nine inches long, and
about four broad. Pinne opposite, seven, eight, or nine
pairs. Leaflets opposite, from six to ten pair, linear-ob-
long, smooth, entire, about one-third of an inch long,
and one-fifth broad. Petioles common, are frequently
armed with some, small, scattered prickles, and there
is generally a pair below each pair of pinnz. Stipules
subulate. Racemes rather above the axils, simple, some-
what shorter than the leaves. Pedicels diverging, about
an inch and a half long. Flowers many, pretty large, yel-
low. Petals orbicular, the lower end smallest, and striated
with red. Filaments woolly, alternately shorter. Legume
smooth, oblong, obliquely-jointed, very protuberant at
the seeds; about two and a half inches Jong, and one
broad. Seeds two or three, oval, smooth, shining, hard,
about the size of a large pea.
From the seeds, an oil is expressed, in some part of the
country, whichis used to burn in lamps.
4. C. cucullata. R.
Scandent, armed. Leaves bipinnate ; pinne from four
to six pair ; leaflets from four to five pair, ovate, polished.
Panicles terminal, and axillary, thin. Upper petal two —
lobed and vaulted. Legume thin, smooth, membrane —
margined on the back, one or two-seeded.
A native of the Delta of the Ganges where it was found
by Dr. William Carey, and by him introduced into the
Botanic garden at Calcutta where it blossoms in Febru
ary and March.
Trunk ligneous, stout, scandent, which together with
the scandent branches are armed with numerous, stto0S,
very sharp, dark-coloured, recurved prickles, which by a
_Caesalpinia, DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 359
age acquire alarge conic base. Bark smooth, and polish-
ed in the young shoots. Leaves bipinnate, from one to two
feet long. Pinne opposite, from three or four to six or
seven pair. Leaflets generally four or five pair, opposite,
ovate, entire, taper-pointed, firm, and polished on both
sides, from one to three inches long. Petioles common
and partial, round, smooth, and armed with recurved
prickles. Stipules minute, falling long before the leaves
are full grown. Panicles axillary, and terminal, composed
of a few simple, ascending, rigid racemes. Bractes small
caducous. Flowers numerous, solitary, drooping, green-
ish yellow. Calyx as in the genus, yellow, and smooth, size.
of the corol. Color greenish, the upper petals two-lobed,
the lobes large, and at all periods folded down like an arch,
over the base, and the insertion of the stamina and pistil ;
lateral pairs nearly round, at first greenish, becoming —
yellow by exposure to the air and light, Filaments scarce- _
ly downy at the base, much longer than the corol.
Germ short-pedicelled. Stigma obliquely funnel-shaped,
Legume linear-oblong, thin, pointed and often twisted
hear the apex, smooth and unarmed, a thin membranace-
0s, scariose wing runs along the whole length of the
back, Seeds one or two, smooth, light brown.
5. C. Simora. Buch.
_*Scandent, armed, the tender parts coloured and glan- ’
dular. Leaves bipinnate; pinne from twelve to twenty-
four pair; ; leaflets from eight to sixteen pair. Stipules
€nsiform. Racemes simple, leaf-opposed and terminal.
Legume dolabriform, turgid, two-seeded,
A native of Mysore, from thence Dr. Buchanan sent
Seeds to the Botanic garden at Calcutta where the plants |
s'ow luxuriantly, and blossom during the cold season; the
_ Seeds ripen four or five months afterwards, Stem and lar-
ser branches stout, and ligneous, climbing over trees t a
considerable extent, Bark brown, and armed se it
360 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. — Caesalpinia,
sharp, straight prickles; young shoots of a bright reddish — w
colour, armed, glandular, and somewhat hairy. Leaves
alternate, bipinnate, from one to three feet long. Pinne
from twelve to thirty pairs, opposite, about two inches long.
Leaflets from eight to sixteen pair, opposite, linear-ob-
long, smooth, entire ; nearly half an inch long. Petioles
common, nearly round, armed, and chiefly with three
larger prickles at or near the insertion of the partial pe-
tioles, two of them below, and recurved ; one above, and
incurved. Partial petioles also armed. Stipules ensi-
form. Racemes nearly opposite to the leaves, and some-
times terminal, single, and simple, very long. Peduneles
armed near the base; the rest and the diverging long pe-
dicels dotted with many, clammy dark-coloured glands,
interspersed with a few hairs. Bractes solitary, one
flowered, at the base ovate-cordate with subulate apices,
_caducous. Flowers solitary, pretty large, colour a bright
yellow. Legumes turgid, of an irregular kidney-shape;
acuminate, somewhat hairy ; more than an inch and
a half long, and about one inch broad near the ape*
Seeds two, oblong, smooth, of a shining dark brow®
Embryo without perisperm. Coty/ledons two.
directed to the umbilicus.
6. C. sepiaria. R.
Scandent, prickly. Leaves bipinnate ; pinne eight pairs a
leaflets ten pair, linear oblong. Stipules semisagittate
Racemes axillary. Calyces coloured. Legume un
daggered, six-seeded.
The Mysore thorn, was introduced into Bengal agi
_ that country by General Martin, where it is now as CO
mon as it is in the Mysore country, and is used to
fenves. Flowering time in Bengal the cold season.
Trunk and branches stout, and ligneous, s
or climbing to a considerable extent, if not checked
all armed with strong, eed prickles, Leaves alter
Caesalpinia. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 361
nate, bipinnate, from ten to eighteen incheslong. Pinne
opposite, generally from six to ten pair, from one to four
inches long. Leaflets opposite, from eight to twelve pair,
subsessile, linear-oblong, rounded at both ends, smooth
on both sides, about three-fourths of an inch long and
one quarter broad. Petioles common, armed in the same
manner with minute prickles. Stipules caducous, of a
broad, waved, sub-semi-sagittate form. Racemes axillary,
solitary, nodding, from the weight of the great number of
large, beautiful, yellow flowers. Peduncles armed, and
having often a small leaf or‘two below the flowers. Brac-
tes solitary, ovate-lanceolate, caducous, one-flowered.
Calyx with the divisions reflexed, coloured like the co-
rol, and about half the size thereof. Corol, the two pairs
of lateral petals equal, nearly round; the upper one
much smaller, with a longer claw, all ofa bright yel-_
low colour. Filaments woolly below the middle, about
as long as the larger petals, and with them inserted on
the permanent base of the calyx. Germ oblong, villous.
Style as long as the stamens, Stigma simple, perforated.
Legume linear-oblong smooth, with a long subulate point.
Seeds from four to eight, obovate, oblong, smooth, dark
coloured, variegated, the size of a large pea. -
This, when in full blossom, is ornamental and well de-
Serving a place in the gardens of all such as are fond of
showy productions, It also makes an excellent fence,
and as such was much employed by Hyder-Alli in the
bound-hedges of his forts, and other strong holds.
7. C. chinensis. R. :
Scandent, armed. Leaves bipinnate ; pinne and leaflets
from two to four pairs, the latter oval and oblong, both
ends obtuse lucid. Petioles and petiolets armed.
__ Introduced from China, into the Botanic garden at
Calcutta, where it has now been for these five or six
< Years and has not yet blossomed.
Tt
362 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Caesalpinia.
8. C. bonduc. R. :
Scandent, armed. Leaves bipinnate. Pinna from four
to eight pair ; leaflets from six to seven pair, oval, lucid,
mucronate.
Guilandina bonduc. Willd. 2. 534.
From Sumatra this very large species has been intro-
duced into the Botanic garden at Calcutta without hay-
‘ing blossomed, though i in perfect health, and of pare ex-
tent. '
9. C. resupinata. R.
Arboreous, subscandent, ated: Leaves bipinnate ;
pinne, and leaflets many-paired ; common petiole armed
on the underside. Stipules minute, caducous. Racemes
axillary. Flowers resupine. Legume two-seeded.
~ A native of the Moluccas, and reared in the Botanic
garden at Calcutta from seed received from those islands —
in 1798. It blossomed for the first time in the month
of September, 1800, and ripened its seeds the March er
lowing. | $
Trunk tolerably erect, though rathertoo weak to support
itself at its present age, every part thickly armed with
numerous, short, very sharp prickles. Branches numer- —
ous, some scandent, some spreading or drooping ; height
of the whole plant at present about twelve feet, Leaves
alternate, bipinnate, from six to twelve inches long. Pit”
nce about twelve pair, opposite, from one to two inches
long. Leaflets opposite, from eight to twelve pair, oblique- —
ly oval, entire, smooth on both sides; about one-third
ofaninch long. Petioles common, round, villous, arMl-
ed with recurved prickles between the pinnz on the
under side, and a gland between each pair on the upper _
Stipules filiform, very small, caducous. Racemes axilla-
ry, solitary, and generally simple, spreading, shorter
than the leaves, Pedicels solitary, one-flowered, round,
smooth, slender, about an inch long. Flowers met,
7
Mappers. . DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 363
numerous, bright yellow, and though not small, they are
more so than any other Indian species of this genus I
have yet met with. Bractes most minute, one-flowered.
Calyx smooth, coloured on the inside ; lower division of
the border much larger than the rest; the base only
permanent. Corol the two lateral pair of petals nearly
equal, roundish, expanding, short-clawed. The superior
one smaller, ovate-cuneate, with a curled margin, and on
the centre a tuft of wool, coloured with reddish veins.
Legumes oblong, thick, fleshy on the margin, protuberant
where the seeds are lodged. Seeds from one to three,
round, smooth, brown, size of a marrow-fat pea. :
10. C. enneaphylla. R.
Shrubby, scandent, armed, Leaves bipinnate. Pin-
ne and leaflets from eight to ten-paired. Panicles termi-
nal, Legume unarmed, winged on the back, five-seeded.
A native of the eastern parts of Bengal, where it blos-
- soms about the beginning of the cold season. Trunk
and larger branches stout, ligneous, climbing up and over
large trees, and whatever else they meet with, armed with
humerous, curved, sharp, black prickles, each inserted
over the old woody parts, on a large, transversely oblong,
subsolid tuberosity.. Bark of the young shoots smooth,
Shining, deep green, armed with numerous smooth,
sharp prickles, ~ Leaves alternate, bipinnate, from nine
to ten inches long. Pinne opposite, generally eight
nine, or ten pairs. Leaflets from eight to ten pairs,
cuneate-oblong, rounded at both ends, entire, smooth
_ on both sides ; from half an inch to one inch long. Petioles
common, armed underneath ; with many, recurved, sharp
prickles ; a pair of which is always placed at the inser-
tion of the pinne, and sometimes a single straight one
On the upper side between them. Stipules scarcely any.
Panicles terminal, composed of many large, RSCeR
ing
angie « of numerous, beautiful yellow fragrant ; Wers.
Tt2
364 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Caesalpinia,
Calyx of five, subequal coloured, reflected, caducous di-
visions inserted on a permanent base. Corol pp
ous; the upper three petals placed on the upper side re-
sembling the banner, the lower pair resembling the wings,
while the lower division of the perianth before it becomes
quite reflected is not unlike the keel. Filaments ten, de-
clined, woolly, alternately shorter. Anthers incumbent,
brown. Pistil hid amongst the stamens. Legume unarmed,
smooth ; broad-lanceolate, thin on the back, enlarged by
a membranous wing which is united by an elevated suture,
Seeds five or six, oval, smooth, flattened,
11. C. paniculata. R.
Scandent, armed. Leaves bipinnate ; pinne and leaflets
three or four-paired. Stipules minute. Panicles tet-
minal, Legumes obliquely oval, smooth, cuspidate, one-—
seeded.
Kaku-mullu. Rheed. Mal. 6. t. 19. .
Guilandina paniculata, Willd, 2. 535. Peace En- :
cyl 1. p.4800 2 alu
‘A native of various parts of India. It blossoms dav
ing the dry months of February and March. The seeds
ripen in August and September. .
Stem and branches liyneous, climbing up and over trees» —
&c. Bark smooth and green until the plants are sev
years old; every part armed with dreadfully sharp,
strong, recurved chesnut coloured aculei which acquite
an immense base like the point of the finger on the irunk ©
and large branches of old plants. Leaves bipinnate, —
from six to twelve inches long. | Pinne three or four
pair, remote. Leaflets three pair, ovate-lanceolate, ob-
tuse, entire, of a firm texture, polished on both sides, _
from one to two inches long. Petioles common and pal- —
tial, armed on the underside, smooth, round, generally
coloured on the upperside. Stipules very minute’ ae
soon falling off, Inflorescence, generally one
re my
Caesalpinia. |§DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 365
panicle, or compound rageme, and one or two simple,
single racemes from the axils next the panicle. _ .Bractes
ovate-lanceolate, but dropping long before the flowers ex-
pand. Flowers numerous, pretty large, yellow and fra-
grant, Legume obliquely oval, smooth, compressed, cus-
pidate. Seed solitary.
12. C. tortuosa. R.
Armed, subarboreous, with a long, weak, straggling
trunk, and branches, Leaves bipinnate ; pinne and leaf-
lets numerous ; common petiole armed. Racemes axil-
lary. Legume from three to four-seeded, twisted, and
contracted between the seeds.
This dreadfully armed species is a native of the Island
of Sumatra. From thence the seeds were sent by Dr,
- Campbell, to the Botanic garden at Calcutta, in 1796.
Now, October 1800, the trees are about fifteen feet high,
with weak, slender trunks, and few still weaker subscan-
dent branches, armed with numerous very sharp some-
what incurved, subulate prickles, It blossoms in October :
and the seeds are ripe in February.
Leaves bipinnate, a foot or more long. Pinne from
fifteen to twenty pair, opposite. Leaflets from twenty to
forty pairs, opposite, tapering from the base to an obtuse
point, smooth, firm, and shining, about half an inch
long, andone-eighth of an inch broad. Petioles common, —
keeled on the upperside, and armed with small recurved —
Prickles underneath. Racemes axillary, erect, solitary,
generally simple, subcylindric, rather longer than the
leaves, Flowers scattered, very numerous, large, yel-
low, slightly streaked with red near the base of the pe-
tals. Bractes minute, caducous. Calyx here the lower.
* division is uncommonly large. Coro! the two: pairs of
lateral petals nearly equal, and almost round, the weer 5
One much smaller, deeply emarginate, coloured, hav- a
ing along claw. Filaments woolly, wien :
3866 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA.. ~- Caesalpiztia.
and shorter. Legume linear-oblong: swelled at the seeds, ©
considerably twisted. Seeds from two to five, hard,
smooth, of a dark blackish brown, size of a large pea. —
13. C. Sumatrana, R. 6
Scandent, armed. Leaves bipinnate, no stipules ; sie
tioles armed on the under side. Racemes cauline, axilla-
ry,or terminal. Calyx cylindric, confining the petals.
Filaments naked, Legume winged on the back.
Introduced into the Botanic garden at Calcutta from
Sumatra where it is held in as much dread as the ai
tuffu is in Abyssinia, ae
Trunk scarcely any, but many stout, woody branches
climbing up and over trees to a great extent. ‘These are
covered with dark brown bark, and armed with numer.
ous, strong, sharp, recurved prickles, the largest of them
are generally in stipulary pairs. Leaves alternate, bipit-
nate, from one to two feet long. Pinne from three to six
pair, opposite. Leaflets from six to twelve, short-petio-
letted, alternate, oval, entire, smooth on both sides, from
one to two inches long. Petioles common, and of the pin
n@ armed on the underside with sharp, recurved prickles
otherwise smooth and polished like every other young
part of the plant. Stipules none, but a brown smooth
gland in their place, Racemes very large, compound, OF
simple, from the naked ligneous branches, or from the
axils, orthey are terminal. Flowers numerous, drooping;
pretty large, of an orange colour tinged with pink. Bractes :
minute, caducous, large before the flowers expand. Calyx
subcylindric, the inferior division a little longer, pase per oe
manent. Petals subclavate, the superior one rather larger oe
and more beautifully coloured, all are only a little long-
er than the calyx and inserted with the stamina a little — :
above its base. In this species the great length of the ca :
lyx prevents the petals from expanding, © Filaments te,
ee ascending, smooth. Anthers
Caesalpinia. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 367 |
ovate, two-lobed. Germ obliquely ovate. Style the length
of the stamina. Stigma simple. Legume oblong, thin, with
a broad membranaceous margin along the upper edge, -
this wing is about one-third the breadth of the whole
and united to the seed-bearing body of the legume by a
suture which is somewhat elevated like the nerve of a
leaf. Seeds from one to three or four, small, ovate, com-
pressed, coloured and smooth.
14. C. inermis, R.
Unarmed. Leaves bipinnate; pinne as faras ten pair ;
leaflets as far as twenty. Panicles terminal, ferruginous.
Peials base of the filaments, and germ very woolly.
A native of the Moluccas. The legume not seen.
15. C. lacerans. R. ee
Shrubby, scandent, dreadfully armed. Leaves bipin-
nate. Calyces coloured like the corol. Legumes unarm-
ed, winged, one-seeded.
Teling. Walekadooda, A large climbing species, most
completely armed. Itis common in wild, woody, uncul-
tivated places, and flowers during the first part of the wet
Season.
Stem and longer branches climbing, woody, covered
with scabrous, ash-coloured bark ; the smaller branches
less so, and armed with innumerable, large, strong, sharp,
recurved prickles ; the tender shoots purple. Leaves alter-—
hate, abruptly bipinnate, from five to six inches long
and three broad. Pinne opposite, from four to eight pair.
Leaflets opposite, from four to eight pair, oval, entire,
‘Smooth, half aninch long and a quarter of an inch broad.
P etioles common, smooth, armed with a pair of recurved
Prickles below each pair of pinnae, and a single erect ;
ne opposite to them on the upper side. Racemes’ axil- —
» and only from the extreme leaves, which gives
‘Masa ofa large terminal leafly panicle, . cowers
Pa
368 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Gertnera, ~
middle sized, numerous, white, beautifully tinged with
red, Calyx coloured, as large as the corol. ¥
HYPERANTHERA. Pail.
Calyx five-cleft. Corol irregular, five-petalled. Sta-
mina unequal. Capsule superior, one-celled, three-valv-
ed. Seeds winged. ig
H. moringa. Willd. 2. 536. Asiat. Res. 11. 168.
Arboreous. Leaves supradecompound, Half the sta-
mina sterile.
Guilendina Moringa. Linn. Jacq. &c.
Anoma Moringa. Lourier. Cochin Ch, 343-4.
Mouringou, - Rheed, Mal. 6. f. 11.
Sobhanjana. Asiat, Res. 4. p. 277.
Beng. Sujuna.
Tam, and Teling. Morunga. iat
Common in a cultivated state all over India. ‘The
leaves, flowers, and tender seed-vessels, are eaten by the
natives in their curries, 2
A red flowered species, or variety is found in the vici-
nity of Malda, its Sanscrit name Mudhoo-shigroo. —
GERTNERA. R.
Calyx five-leaved. Corolirregular. Petals five,
flexed. Germ three-celled, cells one-seeded, attachment
subsuperior, Capsules three, superior, each three-wilS-
ed, and one-seeded. Embryo inverse, without nn
1. G, racemosa. Willd, 2.551. R- Corom. pl- 1. pe
t. 18, |
Leaves eyatesblong, acute. Two exterior petals |
ong, Wie
Antimucta. Asiat, Res. 4. p. 282.
Banisteria Bengalensis. Linn. sp. pl. 611. i
~ Madab lota, Sonnerat. N, 2, p. 238. t.135.
Caesalpinia. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 369
Molina racemosa. Lamarck. Encyclop. 4. 227. and Ca-
cies: Diss. 9. t. 263.
Sida-pou. Rheed. Mal. 6. t. 59.
Teling. Vedal-tshittu.
- Beng. Madhuva-luta, or Madhubuluta, also Mal tee.
Found in various parts of India. It flowers during the
rainy and cold season. The blossoms are uncommonly
beautiful, and exceedingly fragrant.
2. G. obtusifolia. R.
Leaves oblong, obtuse. All the petals round, the low- ©
er two expanded, the upper three reflex.
A native of China, and from thence brought to the Bo.
tanic garden at Calcutta, prior to 1793. Like racemosa,
itis a large, scandent, somewhat twining shrub; running
over trees of considerable size. Flowering time the month
of March. Its blossoms are smaller, less beautiful, and
hot so fragrant, as those of G. racemosa.
Flowers of five petals, the lower two, more ex panded, the
upper three completely reflexed, allelegantly fringed round
the margins, the uppermost one has a rosy tinge round a
yellowish base, where two curved hornlets project in to-
ward the stamina, the other four are white. Filaments un-
equal, ascending in a beautiful curve ; the lower one much
larger, and longer. Germ superior, three-lobed, each lobe
crowned with one larger, and two smaller,semilunar,hairy
processes, which in the fertile lobes become wings ; each
lobe contains a single seed attached to the inner and
upper angle of the cell. Style ascending, nearly as
long as the long filament. Stigma simple, incurved,
Samara, rarely more than one of the three come to ma-
turity, globose, villous, of a soft chaffy texture, three-
Winged ; wings lanceolate, scariose, one of them larger,
between it and the base is a small scar, the mark of the
attachment of the style. Seed single, round. Integument
Single, tender, brown, attached to the samara under the’
Ca
370 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Adenanthera,
remains of the style. Perisperm none. Embryo inverse,
yellowish. Cotyledons conform to the seed, unequal,
and sometimes divided. Plumula two-lobed. Radicles
oval, curved up, and pointing to the vertex of the seed.
_ADENANTHERA. Schreb. gen. n. 707.
| Calyx five-toothed. Corol five-petalled; a globular
gland crowns the apex of cach anther.
1. A. pavonina, Willd. 2. 550.
Unarmed. Leaves bipinnate ; leaflets smooth. Ra-
cemes axillary.
Sans. Koochunduna.
Beng. Ructa-chundan, Runjwna, which means ved san-
dal, whereas we consider Pterocarpus Santalinus to be
the tree which yields that wood. si
Mandsjadi. Rheed. Mal. 6. t. 14.
Corollaria parvifolia. Rumph. Amb. 3. t. 109.
Found in various forests over most parts of India. Tt
grows to be a very large tree with an erect trunk, and
when old, dark-coloured scabrous bark; while yous,
smooth. The interior wood of large trees is of a “ie vat
colour, very hard and durable.
Leaves alternate, abruptly bipinnate, from one sonal
feet long. Pinne opposite, generally from four to six pair,
each from four to twelve inches long. Leaflets alternate, —
short-petioletted, from four to ten or twelve pair, oval, with
the margins waved, smooth on both sides, from one to tw?
inches long. Petioles round, smooth, coloured. Racemes
terminal and from the exterior axils, solitary, cylindriG,
about aspanlong. Flowers numerous, small, yellow, —
fragrant. Bractes minute and caducous. Calyx, bo. :
parts of fructification as in the genus, only the petals ad- |
pea
here slightly at the pas and there the damien are
serted.
Adenanthera. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 371
The coloured wood of this tree is used for a variety of |
economical purposes. ‘The smooth, oval, bright scarlet
coloured, hard seeds are strung ona thread and worn
by the women round their necks in many parts of India,
The wood yields a dye, and is employed by the Brah-
mins after religious bathing in marking their foreheads;
for which purpose it is obtained, by rubbing the wood on
a wet stone.
2. A. aculeata. R-
Arboreous, prickly. Leaves bipinnate, smooth, Legumes
cylindric, replete with a farinaceous substance, in whish
_the seeds are found,
Prosopis spicigera. Willd. 2: 547. R, Corom. pl. 1. N. 63.
Somi. Wilford in Asiat. Res. 4. p. 363. Sir William
Jones’s Sami of the same vol. page 307, is very differ-
ent; viz. Mimosa farnesiana, a plant he never intended
for Sami.
Prosopis aculeata. Asiat. Res, 4. p. 405.
Prosopis aculeata Kon. Mss.
Teling. Chanee.
This grows to the size ofa tree. It is a native of most
Parts of the coast of Coromandel, chiefly on low lands
at a considerable distance from the sea; it is also found
in some parts of Hindoostan. It flowers apying. the cold
and beginning of the hot seasons.
Trunk tolerably erect. Bark deeply crack of a sits
ash colour. Branches irregular, very numerous, forming
a pretty large, very shady head. Prickles scattered over
the small branches, in some trees wanting. Leaves alter-
nate, generally bipinnate, from two to three inches long.
_ Pinne from one to four, when in pairs, opposite, andhay-
ing a gland between their insertions. Leaflets opposite,
from seven to ten pair, obliquely lanceolate, smooth, en-—
tire, about half. an inch long, and one-sixth broad, Sti-
| Pules none, Spikes axillary, several topethe i
U u2
372 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Petaloma.
nearly erect. Bractes minute, one-flowered, caducous,
Flowers numerous, small, yellow, single, approximate.
Calyx below, five-toothed. Filaments united at the base.
Anthers incumbent and white, with a gland on the apex of
each which falls off soon after the flower expands. Style
crooked. Stigma simple. Legume long, pendulous, not in-
flated. Seeds many, lodged ina brown mealy substance. |
‘The pod of this tree is the only part used; it is about
an inch in circumference, and from six to twelve long;
when ripe, brown and smooth, containing besides the seeds
a large quantity of a brown mealy substance which the
natives eat. Its taste is sweetish, and agreeable ; it may
therefore be compared to the Spanish Algaroba, or Lo--
cust iree ( Ceratonia siliqua.)
CYNOMETRA. Linn.
Calyx four-leaved. Corol five-petalled. Legume fleshy,
lunate, one-seeded. Embryo centripetal, no perisperm.
_C. polyandra. R. es
Leaves pinnate, Branchlets floriferous. Flowers p%
lyandrous. His
Peng is the vernacular name in Silhet, where it grows
to be a very large and useful timber tree. Flowering time
March and April. The seeds ripen in July and August
\
PETALOMA. Schreb. gen. n. 1750.
aloe five-toothed. Petals five, the stamina inserted
on the calyx. Berry inferior, one-celled. Seeds from one
to four.
P. alternifolia. R,
Leaves alternate, meron cmetie, emarginate. nar
axillary.
ere
Ruta, DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 373
Kada Kandel. Rheed. Mal. vol. 6. t. 37.
Beng. Kripa,
A pretty large tree, a native of the Delta of the Ganges,
where the spring-tides rise so high as to overflow the
ground onawhich they grow. Flowering time the hot season,
Trunk straight, bark scabrous. Branches numerous,
erect, and ascending, with dark brown, smooth, bark.
Leaves alternate, subsessile, obovate, emarginate, slight-
ly crenate, almost veiniess, smooth on both sides, and
fleshy, about two inches long, and one broad. Stipules —
none. Spikes axillary, solitary, generally simple, about
as long as the leaves, each bearing from six to twelve,
alternate, small, white flowers. Bractes, a very minute
one at the base of each germ, and two growing on the
Opposite sides ofits middle. Calyx five-toothed ; teeth
rounded and frequently unequal. Petals five, inserted
within the fissures of the calyx, oblong, entire, first ex-
panding, then recurved. Filaments ten, alternately a
little longer, about the length of the petals. Anthers
ovate. Germ inferior, ovate, compressed. Style awled,
as long as the stamens. Stigma acute. Pericarpium a
small ovate, oblong, compressed, drupaceous berry, with
a single linear, oblong seed. .
The wood is remarkably strong and durable; it is much
used for posts and other parts of the houses of the na-
tives, but its chief consumption about Calcutta is for fuel,
large quantities being brought daily from the Sunder-
bunds (low parts of the Delta,) for that purpose.
I doubt if this can with propriety be considered a Pe-
taloma, ‘The habit does not by any means agree, It
“will probably form a genus.
RUTA. Schreb. gen. n. 725.
Calyx five-parted, Petals.concave. Receptacle of the
germ impressed with ten melliferous pits. Capsule ie
374 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Murraya.
R. graveolens. Willd. 2. 542. .
Leaves supra-decompound ; leaflets oblong, the termi-.
nal ones obovate. Petals entire.
Arab. Sudal,
Sans. Somalata, also Brahmee.
Hind. Saturi, also Arooda.
It is I presume a native of Persia, and the western
parts of Asia. In Bengal, it is found in gardens only
where it flowers during the cold season.
~
MURRAYA. Schreb. gen. n. 717.
Calyx five-toothed. Corol campanulate, fiye-petalled.
Germ two-celled, with two subpendulous ovula in each,
attached to the top of the axis. Berry superior, tw0-
celled. Seeds solitary, woody. Embryo inverse without
perisperm.
1. M. exotica. Mant, 393, Willd. 2. p, 518.
Leaves alternately pinnate ; leaflets from five to seven,
obliquely oboyate, oblong, | Corymbs terminal, globular,
crowded. aisgel
Chalcas paniculata. Mant. 68. mE
Camunium Sinense. Rumph. Amb, 5. t. 18.f. 2.
Marsana buxifolia. Sonnerat it. 3. 192. t. 139.
Teling. Naga golunga, zit
It grows to be a small tree, though in general found i
the state ofa large, erect, very ramous shrub, with a light
ash-coloured bark. It was brought from China to this
coast many years ago, where it continues to be cultivat-
ed in gardens ; but I have found it very common wild, ;
amongst the mountains in the Circars. It is from the
wild plant I take my description. It flowers chiefly Aor:
ing the hot season. “FP
Leaves scattered, pinnate with an odd one. _ Leaflets
generally three pair, alternate, obovate-oblong, maf
Bergera. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 375
nate, smooth, ofa shining deep green, from one and a half
to two inches long, and about one broad, the inferior
smallest. Petioles glandular, round. Corymbs terminal,
globular, crowded with pretty large, beautiful, pure
white, exquisitely fragrant flowers. Calyx one-leaved,
five-parted, glandular, divisions erect, acute. Corol five-
petalled, campanulate. Petals lanceolate, spreading at
top. Nectary a fleshy ring surrounding the base of the
germ. Filaments ten, alternately longer, and larger. An-
thers oblong. Germ superior, oblong, glandular, two-cell-
ed, with two ovula in each vertically attached to the upper
half of the partition. Style thick, length of the stamens.
Stigma large, glandular, Seeds one, or two, oblong,
pointed above, flat on one side, woolly. Embryo inverse,
and without perisperm.
2. M. Sumatrana. R.. 2
Leaves alternately pinnate ; leaflets from five to seven,
ovate and ovate-oblong, emarginate. Flowers terminal.
A large shrub, a native of Sumatra, and from thence
sent to the Botanic garden at Calcutta, by Dr. C. Camp-
bell, under the name Chalcas; it is much thinner of
branches, has larger leaves, and fewer but much larger
flowers, than exotica, and when growing together most
conspicuously different in habit. Flowers, and pees. its
Seed at various times through the year.
BERGERA. Schreb. gen. n. 718-
Calyx five-toothed. Corol five-petalled, expanding.
Germ two-celled, one ovula in each attached to the axis.
_ Berry superior, one or two-seeded. Embryo inverse,
Without perisperm.
1, B. Konigii. Willd. 2. 549. :
Leaflets obliquely lanceolate, serrate.
376 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Bergera:
Beng. Bursunga.
_Teling. Kari-Vepa.
| Tam. Kamwepila.
This grows to be a smalj tree. Is a native of the
mountainous parts of the Coast, and is also cultivated in
gardens for the sake of its leaves; they being a princi-
pal ingredient in the country stews called curries, Its
flowering time is the hot season. ;
This tree is so well described by the late Dr. Konig,
in the genera and species plantarum of Linnzeus, thatitis
unnecessary for me to say any thing on that head.
The leaves, as observed above, are a very principal in-
gredient in curries; and when they cannot be had fresh,
are used dry, for they retain their flavour very well ia
that state, and are to be had in every market, They
have a peculiar flavour, which I cannot describe; at first
it is rather disagreeable, but. most. people soon become
perfectly reconciled to, if not fond of it.
The bark and root are used as stimulants by the na-
tive physicians, Externally they are also used to cure
eruptions and the bites of poisonous animals.
The green leayes are prescribed to be eaten raw for the -
cure of dysentery ; they are also bruised and applied
externally to cure eruptions.
2. B. integerrima. Buch.
-Arboreous, Leaflets entire, with long taper points.
Bun kooncha of the natives of the eastern banks of the
mouth of the Megna, where the tree grows. It was i
troduced into the Botanic garden by Dr. Buchanat in
1797 ; now, January 1800, they have advanced to the size
of small ramous trees, and are at present in blossom.
Leaves alternate, petioled, pinnate, with single termi-
nal leaflets, from six. to eighteen inches long. Leaflets
opposite or subalternate, short-petioletted, obliquely lan-
ceolate, oblong, waved,ending in long, fine, tapering alate =
Limonia. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 377
tolerably smooth above, and somewhat villous under-
neath, differing in size, the exterior or largest above six
inches long and two broad. Petiolets and petioles round,
and a little villous, Corymbs terminal, decompound,
large, ramifications villous. Flowers short-pedicelled,
erect, numerous, white, emitting a strong, heavy, offen-
-Sive smell. Bractes very minute, Perianth five-toothed.
‘Petals five, lanceolate, expanding. Stamens alternately
longer. Germsuperior, oval, resting on a fleshy receptacle.
Style clavate. Stigma subrotund. Berry the size of a large
pea, oval, when ripe yellow. Seed solitary, nearly as
large as the berry. ie
_LIMONIA. Schreb. gen. n. 720.
Calyx four or five-toothed. Corol four or five-petalled.
Germ from two to five-celled ; cells from one to two seed-
ed, attachment interior. Berry superior, few-seeded.
Embryo inverse, without perisperm.
1. L. bilocularis. R.
Shrubby, armed. Leaves elliptic, emarginate, glossy.
Flowers axillary, and terminal, subsessile, decandrous.
Germ and berries two-seeded. —
A very ramous, well armed, rigid shrub, very like Li-
monia monophylla, but always smaller; a native of Coro-
mandel. Flowers in June; the seed ripens in September.
~ Spines axillary, solitary, long, strong and sharp. Leaves
alternate, short-petioled, reflexed, elliptic, somewhat
crenulate, emarginate, firm and glossy, abounding in
Minute cells, and odorous like the leaves of the orange,
&c. when bruised ; about an inch and a halflong, and three
quarters of an inch broad. Stipules axillary, solitary, by
‘the base of the spines, subulate. Flowers axillary and
terminal, in little, subsessile clusters, small, pure white.
Bractes minute, subulate. —— eter 2 five -tooth-
v
378° DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Limonia:
ed. Petals five, oblong. Nectary a crenulate, white
fleshy cup, round the lower half of the germ. Filaments
ten, alternately shorter, lanceolar, thick, and distinct,
inserted between the nectary and petals. Anthers ovate.
Germ superior, two, very rarely three-lobed ; two, rarely
three-celled with one ovula in each, attached to the mid-
dle of the partition; styleshort and thick. Stigma large,
nearly round, and clammy. Berries spherical, of the size
and appearance of a ripe s/oe, succulent, two-celled. Seed
solitary. Integument single, thin, and clear. Perisperm
none. Embryo inverse, toes Cotyledons conform to th
seed,
2. L. monophylla. Willd. 2. 571. Corom. pl. 1. N. 83.
-Shrubby, armed with straight spines, Leaves simple.
Nectary. campanulate, antheriferous.
Trichilia spinosa, Willd. 1.2. p. 554,
Limonia pumila, Burm. zeyl. 143. t. 65.
Mal-Naregam. Rheed. Mal. 4, t. 12.
Teling. Adivi-nima, (wild lime.)
This plant is a native of our large, extensive forests
over the Coast of Coromandel, where it often grows to be
a small tree, though oftener found in the state of a Targe_
shrub. Flowering time about the rainy season.
Trunk irregular. Bark pretty smooth, of a greenish
ash colour, Branches numerous, very irregular, and very
rigid. Thorns single, axillary, yery strong and sharp ; ’
in some plants entirely wanting, Leaves alternate, short-
petioled, oblong, emarginate, smooth, firm, two or three
inches long, and one or one anda half broad. Sti
pules subulate. Racemes axillary, short. Bractes subU-
late, small. Calyx from four to five-parted, permanent.
Corol four or five-petalled ; petals equal, oblong, expand-
ing. Nectary cylindric, mouth ten-toothed; teeth alternate-
ly larger. Filaments none ; ; authers resting on the teeth of
the nectary. Germs EULER, globular, generally four-
_ Limonia. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 379
with two ovula in each, attached to the axis. Style length
of the nectary. Stigma three or four-lobed. Berry the
size of a nutmeg, very much like a lime (hence the Telinga
name, wild lime) generally four-celled, Seeds generally
solitary, that is one in each cell.
The flowers of the above described plant agree with
those of Melia, Trichilia, Turraea, and Swietenia ; their
pericarps must be depended on to distinguish the genera.
3. L. citrifolia. R.
Shrubby ; armed with recurved spines. Leaves simple,
elliptically oval, entire, obtusely acuminate. Flowers
axillary. Berries ovate, few-seeded.
Seay very ramous, rigid, well-armed shrub, of five or six
feet in height, a native of the forests of Chittagong, and
with the other armed species, well adapted for fences,
Flowering time the hot season. ;
Young shoots polished. Thorns axillary, solitary,
short, somewhat recurved. Leaves alternate, round-pe-
tioled, ‘elliptic, with an obtuse, somewhat lengthened
point, entire, smooth, but marked with numerous pellucid
points, as in many Aurantia ; from four to five inches
long, and from two to three broad. Stipules none, Flow-
ers small, white, short-peduncled, axillary. Bractes mi-_
nute, about the insertion of the peduncles, and on them,
Calyx five-toothed, having its substance marked with pel-
lucid points. Petals five, oblong, smooth. Filaments ten,
distinct, short, inserted round the base of the germ, An-
thers linear, erect. Germ ovate-oblong, five-grooved, on
the outside five-celled, each cell containing two ovula at-
tached to the axis. Style thick and short. Stigma sub-pel-
tate. Berry ovate, of the colour and appearance of a lime,
€ven to the little green cells in the cortex, Seeds from one
to four, separated by some few small fibres only, which
are scarcely to be traced when dry, oblong, having the
Sides agreeing in shape with the number in the ber . In-
Vv2-
380. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Limonia.
tegument single, membranaceous. Perisperm none. Em-
bryo inverse. Cotyledons conform to the seed. Radicle
superior,
_ 4.1L, scandens. R
Shrubby, scandent, armed. Leaves ternate ; leaflets lan-
ceolar, entire, smooth. Berries three-seeded,
Sans. Luvunga-luta.
‘Lung-phool of the natives about Silhet. |
A very extensive, powerful, scandent shrub, a native
of the hills about Silhet and Chittagong, where it blos-
soms in March and April, and the seeds nipen! in Sep-
tember.
Trunk or branches several from the same root, late,
thick, stout, ligneous, scandent, armed. Bark pretty
smooth and ash-coloured. Thorns axillary,solitary, strong,
long, acute, and a little recurved. Leaves alternate,ternate-
Leaflets lanceolate, entire, smooth, shining and firm, from
six to seven inches long, haying both surfaces marked with
minute, dark green, glandular dots, or cells, though the
smell, as in most leaves of this conformation, has nothing
particular init; when the plants are young, the leaves ate
simple. Petioles channelled, smooth, deep green like the
leaves. Peduncles axillary, or from the naked branchlets
below the leaves, each supporting from four to twelve,
pedicelled, pretty large, white, fragrant flowers, in form! of
a raceme, Calyx one-leaved, cylindric, with the mouth cat
into four short, truncate divisions. Petals four, linear ob-
long, fleshy, recurved. Filaments eight; the lower half unit-
ed into a firm, fleshy tube. Anthers linear, incumbent
Germ conical, elevated on a fleshy receptacle, three-cell-
ed with two vertical ovula in each, attached to the axis-
Style cylindric, Stigma entire, roundish, Berry ob-
long, somewhat three-lobed, size of a pigeon’s egg, prety )
smooth, pulp of aresinous nature, and odoriierous, three
celled. Seed solitary, mab somewhat pointes at. the a Ee:
Limonia. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 38L
pex, covered with a single greenish-veined integument.
Perisperm none, Embryo conform to the seed, inverse.
Cotyledons oblong green, fleshy. Plumula two-lobed.
Radicle dvate, superior.
Previous to haying seen the pericarpium of this plant,
an incomplete description and drawing were sent to
the Honourable the Court of Directors, under the name
Aitonia spinosa. The discovery of the seed vessel, toge-
ther with its structure, &c. convinces me it cannot be-
long to that genus, and seems to associate best with Li-
monia, Murraya, and Triphasia, and no doubt belongs
to the seed, and divisions of J ussieu’ s natural order Au-
rantia,
5. L, pentaphyla, Willd. 1. 572. R. Corom., pl. 1. p. 60.
t, 84,
Unarmed, shrubby. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets about five,
subalternate, oblong, entire, smooth. Berries with one
or two, rarely three, perfect seeds. ;
Teling. Gulunga.
Beng. Ash-shoura.
A very common shrub every where, and in flower and
Tipe seed all the year. The small white flowers are
sweetly fragrant.
6. L. arborea. R. Corom. pl. 1. 60, €. 85.
Unarmed, arboreous. Leaves pinnate ;
five, oblong, serrate, smooth. Berries with one or two
perfect seeds. Teling. Konda Gulunga.
A native of the Circar mountains.
7. L crenulata. R. Corom. pl. 1. p. 60. t, 86.
Arboreous, armed, Leaves pinnate ; leaflets from two
to three pair, oblong, crenulate ; petioles winged. Corols
four-petalled. | Berries with from one to besos fatwa and
one seed ineach.
*
382 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Cookia.
Limonia acidissima. Mant. 380. Willd. 2. 572.
Tsjerou-katou narigam, Rheed. Mal. 4. t. 14.
Teling. Torelega.
An elegant small tree, a native of Coromandel, Mala-
bar, &c. Flowering time the hot season.
8. L. pentagyna. R.
Arboreous. Leaflets from-five to nine, sublanceoltite,
_Racemes axillary, compound. Nectary short, crenulate
Berry with from one to five dobes, and as many seeds.
Teling. Chitreka.
A large timber tree, a native of the Circars, Bengal, ko.
and in flower during the hot season,
COOKIA. Retz.
Calyx five-toothed. Corol five-petalled. Germ éiovate
ed on a receptacle, five-celled; cell two-seeded ; attach-
mént interior. Berry superior, five-seeded. Embryo in-
verse, no perisperm. 3 :
1. C. punctata. Willd. 2558. Sonnerat, it. 2. 181. t. 130-
Sonneratia punctata. Syst. 1. 675.
Quinaria lansium. Lour. Cochin Ch. oe
Chin. Whung-pi. .
A Chinese fruit tree, now common in Bengal, and vari-
ous other parts of India. Flowering time the beginning ‘ of
the hot season; the fruit ripe in three or four months
after.
Trunk straight; branches numerous, suberect; bark
pretty smooth, ash-coloured, that of the young shoots
green, and scabrous. Leaves alternate, pinnate, with an
_oddone. Leaflets three or four pairs, nearly opposites
short-petioletted, obliquely oblong-oval, entire, of @ firm
texture, smooth on both sides, while the ‘under side of
the veins are scabrous. —Secage round, hairy, | and
Boswellia. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 383
scabrous. Stipulesnone. Panicles terminal, large, erect,
composed of many, suberect, compound racemes, covered
with rough, glandular excrescenses. Flowers numerous,
small, white. Bractes small, falling. Calyx inferior,
cup-shaped, five-toothed, outside glandular. Petals five,
lanceolato-oblong, spreading, concave. Filaments ten, ra-
ther shorter than the petals, recurved, inserted with broad
bases round the bottom of the receptacle. Anthers round-
ish,incumbent. Germ superior, short-pedicelled, five-
celled with two ovula in each, attached to the thickened
middle of the axis. Style short, and thick. Stigma of five
obtuse lobes. Berry the size and appearance of a goose-
berry, skin tough, and replete with cells filled with a
fragrant green balsam, five-celled. Seed solitary, oblong.
Integument single, thin, colourless. | Perisperm none.
Embryo inverse, green. _ Cotyledons conform to the seed.
Plumula conical, bidentate. Radicle cylindric, superior.
The fruit, and indeed every part of the tree, possess
a peculiar kind of agreeable fragrance, which is something
ofa Terebinthinaceous nature.
BOSWELLIA. (R.)
Calyx five-toothed. Corolfive-petalled. Nectary a cre-
-‘Dulated fleshy, staminiferous cup, surrounding the lower
Part of the germ. Germ superior, three-celled, cells two-
Seeded, three-valved. Seed solitary, membrane winged.
Embryo j inverse, folded, without perisperm.
Note. The genus is so named, in memory of the late
Dr. John Boswell, Physician in Edinburgh.
: 1. B. patios: Colebrooke in Asiat. Res. 9. 317. and 11,
58.
Leaflets serrate. Racemes simple, tine Hiloments ‘.
inserted on the exterior margin of the nectary, be |
Canarium hirsutum, Willd. 4, 760, .
884 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA- Buchanania.
‘Canarium odoriferum ; hirsutum. Rumph. Amb. 2. t.51,
Sans. Salaci the tree, and Koondooroo the drug, or in-
cense. ,
Beng, Salai the tree, and Koondooroo, or Gundhurus the
drug.
Hind. Luban.
A large timber tree, a native of the mountainous parts
of Coromandel, Bundelkhund, &c. Flowering time the
~ hot season, March and April, and the seeds ripen about the
end ofthe year. From the researches of Mr. Colebrooke,
above quoted, in the 11th Vol. of the Asiatic Researches
it appears that the oblibanum or Frankincense of the aa- —
cients is the produce of this tree, and not of i tS
lycia, as hitherto thought. ot
~
2. B. glabra. R. Corom. pl. 3. N. 207. is
Leaflets smooth, serrulate, or entire. Racemes termi-
nal, subpanicled. Filaments inserted into the base ee the
-nectary on the outside.
Canarium odoriferum leve. Rumph. Amb. 2. t.50-
Canarium balsamiferum. Willd. 4. 760.
Teling. Googoolupoo-chittoo, a
This as well as thurifera yields a resin, which is use a
as incense, and for pitch, in some parts of India- iti isa a ae
native of the mountainous districts of Coromandel v a
it blossoms during the dry season.
BUCHANANIA. (R.)
Calyx five-toothed. Petals five. Nectary double ; 4 ; the
exterior a crenulate cup between the filaments and germ j Bs
the inner four subulate bodies are one side within the :
‘former. Germ superior, one-celled, one-seeded ; atta
ment from the bottom of the cell to the apex of the
rt with a one-seeded nut. serge transverse, 3
Buchanania. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 385
1. B. latifolia. R.
Arboreous. Leaves oval.
- Sans. and Beng. Piyala, the name of the tree.
Hind, Peeyar, Peeyal, Piyala.
Sans. Chirika, the name of the fruit.
Beng. Chirongi, the name of the fruit, as sold in the
eccicin.
Teling. Charoo-mamudee.
Mowdo, or Kati mango-marum of the Tamuls. It .
_ Inust have been the Telinga and Tamul names, which in-
_ duced Konig to call this tree Mangifera silvestris.
Larmzon. Buch. in Asiat. Res. 5. p. 123.
A large tree, a native of the mountainous parts of the
coast. It flowers in January and February.
Trunk strait, thick, and of a great height. Bark sca-
brous. Branches numerous, spreading in every directi-
on, Leaves alternate, though sometimes three-fold, short-
petioled, oval, oblong, or obovate, obtuse, entire, of a
hard texture, pretty smooth, above scabrous, below soft-
ét, six or seven inches long, and about four broad, Sti-
pules none. Panicles terminal, and from the exterior
axils, erect, branchy, conical. Bractes small, caducous.
Flowers very numerous, small, of a whitish green, ia
inferior, five-toothed, permanent. Petals five, o
spreading. Nectary double ; exterior, a fleshy
ed yellow ring surrounding the base of the ,
Consisting of four subulate bodies, placed on one side of
the germ, and within the exterior ring4 they are about as
long as the whole pistil, and look/like four additional
_ Styles. Filaments ten, equal, sprfading, nearly as long
as the petals, inserted into the outside of the base of the
€Xterior nectary. Anthers ovate Germ conical, hairy,
Sne-celled, containing one ovula, attached to the bot-
‘om of the cell by a long curved cord, which takes near- :
ly a turn round the ovula, and enters it on the middle of
the opposite side, Style aah Stigma simple. 1
w wi ee
net
386 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA-. | Walsura.
2 e
size of a cherry, a little compressed, smooth, when ripe,
black, Nut very hard, one-celled, two-valved. Seed so-
litary covered with a double integument. Perisperm
none. Embryo transverse.
The wood of this tree is used for various purposes,
and the kernels are a very general substitute for almonds,
amongst the natives.
'
|. 2.°B. angustifolia. R.
Arboreous. Leaves linear-oblong, apex rounded.
A native. of the south end of the Peninsula of India
Flowers in June, and the fruit takes nearly one you en
come to maturity. ;
3. B. lancifolia. R. fe
Arboreous. Leaves lanceolate, obtuse —— — ae
entire. Panicles terminal.
_A large, and tall tree, a native of Chittagong. The ten-
der, unripe fruit is eaten by the natives in their curries.
_WALSURA. (R.) ns
-.. Calyx. five-toothed. Corol_five-petalled, Nectary
double ; exterior subcylindric, bearing the anthers in is —
eae ere a fleshy ring round the germ. Germ —
superior, — cells two-seeded ; attachment inte-
rior. Berry one>seeded. Embryo erect, no perisper™-
1. W. robusta. R. geri
_ Leaves quinate-pinna\te ; leaflets lanceolate. — ‘Panicles og
‘terminal and axillary. . Filaments distinct, fconbene™ oe
ly the | exterior nectary is) not found.) 2
Upphing, the vernaculgr name in Silhet, where it grows
to be one of their largest, timber trees; having a up’
seven feet in } a other arts in emeee
tion.
Walsura. - DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 387
~
It flowers in March and April, and the seed ripens in
June.
Young shoots rough with scabrous specks, but void
of pubescence. Leaves alternate, unequally pinnate,
some ternate ; from six to nine inches long. Leaflets
generally five. The pairs opposite, from oblong to lan-
ceolate, acuminate, entire, smooth ; from four to five
inches long, and from one to two broad. Petioles marked
with the same sort of elevated rough white specks that
are to be found on the young shoots. Panicles terminal,
and from the exterior axills, length of the leaves, much
crowded, and very dense ; their numerous ramifications
scarcely villous. Bractes minute. Flowers numerous, ra-
ther small, ‘and white. Calyx five-parted ; segments
nearly equal, small, and’ oval. Petals five, oblong,
spreading, a little villous. Nectary a large fleshy crenate
ring round the base of the germ, within the filaments.’
Filaments ten, broad towards the base, but not in the
least united, tapering regularly to the apex, which is’
very slender ; they are inserted under the exterior part of
the nectary, and are alternately a little shorter. Anthers
small, oval. Germ superior, ovate, two-celled; ovula
two in each cell, attached to the middle of the partition.
Style short. Stigma peltate. Berry oval, size of a small
olive, resting on the permanent corol, calyx, and stamina,
One-celled. Cortex rather thin, and bright grey. Seed so-
litary, conform to the berry, before maturity or when im-
perfectly ripe, a pretty large quantity of a clear, very’
succulent exterior envelope, or aril isfound,but when ripe
it is searcely to be seen. Integuments besides the aril,
‘Single. Perispermnone. Embryo straight, inverse. Co-
tyledons conform to the seed. Radicle obovate-truncate,
os Ss
~ 2. W. piscidia, R. :
Lies subternate ; leaflets subternate obtomis: 0
Ww2 “
388 DECANDRIA: MONOGYNIA. Walsura,
-~
Teling. Wallursi.
Tam. Walsura,
A tree,a native of the mountainous parts of the Circars,
It flowers during the cold season. Specimens of this,
in the Banksian herbarium, are referred to Trichilia.
Trunk erect. Bark ash-coloured ; in old trees deeply
cracked. Branches very irregularly scattered, forming a
thin head. Leaves alternate, petioled, subpinnate. Leaflets
from two to four, alternate, oblong, entire, frequently
emarginate, above smooth, of a deep, shining green, below
whitish, from two to three inches long, and about one
broad. Stipules none. Flowers numerous, small, of a dirty
yellowish white colour, collected on small terminal pait-
cles. Bractes minute, falling. Calyx interior, five-cleft,
permanent. Petals five, equal, lanceolate, expanding.
Nectary double; exterior cylindric, half the length of the
petals, ten-cleft for two-thirds of its length; divisions
emarginate, staminiferous ; interior, a fleshy ring sur
rounding the base ofthe germ. _ Filaments ten, short, in--
serted into the notches of the divisions of the exterior
nectary. Anthers oblong, erect. Germ roundish, sank
deep into the interior nectary, two, rarely three-celled with
two ovula in each, attached to the pattition. | Style the
length of the exterior nectary. Stigma large, turbinates
Berry oblong, downy, pulpy, one-celled. Seed one, larete :
oblong, .
This tree has nearly the flowers of Melia, Trichilia,
and Swietinia, but the fruit of Murraya ; it may there
fore constitute a new genus.
The. wood serves .for various eidaguial peor ks
am informed by the natives, that if the bark in quantity,
is thrown into fish ponds, it soon kills the fish, which is
believe is true, for it is rare to meet with a tree that has
not been deprived of its bark. They do not esteem the
fish the less wholesome, and it renders them easily
caught, as they svon float, probably before they die; 05 — : e
Heynea. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 389
is the case when cocculus Indicus is employed. This is
the second species of fish poison, employed by the na-
tives of this country, to enable them to catch fish, with
little or no trouble. The fruit of Gardenia dumetorum,
was the first which has been already taken notice of.
3. W. ternata. R.
Leaves ternate ; leaflets narrow-lanceolate. Panicles
axillary. Neciary gibbous, with divisions alternately
rounding and bidentate.
Tam. Kaka-walsura.
Teling. Chinna-wallursi. ets
‘A small tree growing on the sides of hills. It flowers —
during the hot season. ‘
Trunk erect; bark smooth, rust colour. Leaves alter-
nate, petioled, ternate. Leaflets narrow-lanceolate, equal,
entire, above smooth, of a deep shining green, whitish un-
derneath ; from four to five inches long, and one broad.
Petioles semicylindric, rust-coloured, two inches long,
Stipules none. Panicles axillary, middle-sized. Bractes
Single, small, caducous. Flowers very numerous, small,
milk white. Calyx and corol as in W. piscidia. Nec-
tary, the exterior one gibbous, and having only the a-
Pex of every other division bifid; the intermediate one,
Tounded, and a little shorter. Interior salver-shaped,
with a large, high, callous margin. Stamens as in the
former species. Style half the length of the gibbous necta- ;
Ty. Stigma large ; apex two-lobed. |
Ihave not seen the pericarp, but from the structure,
and contents of the germ, I imagine it will be a one-seed-
ed berry,
HEYNEA. (R.)
Sales five-toothed. Petals five. Nectary cylindric E
‘With the anthers attached round the inside of its tn
390 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Heynea,
Germ two-celled ; cells two-seeded ; attachment interior.
Capsule superior, one-celled, two-valved, one-seeded,
Seed arilled. Embryo inverse, without perisperm.
1. H. trijuga. R.
Leaves unequally pinnate ; leaflets three pair. Pant-
cles axillary, long-peduncled.
Kapyakooshee.
A native of Nepal; from thence, in 1802, Dr. Bucha-
nan sent seeds of this tree, to the Botanic garden at Cal-
cutta, under the vernacular name yakooshee, where in se-
ven years, the young trees were about fifteen, and twenty
feet high, with much the habit of the Walnut tree. Flow-
ering time in the Botanic garden, March; the seed ripens
in October.
‘Trunk straight, in our young trees about as thick as @
man’s thigh, Bark dark ash-coloured, and pretty smooth.
Branches few ; young shoots marked with scabrous spots
Leaves unequally pinnate, alternate, from one to two feet
long. Leaflets opposite, short-petioletted, two or three
pair, ovate-oblong, acuminate, entire, smooth, from four
to eight inches long, and from two to four broad. ‘Peti-
oles round, smooth, swelled at the insertion of the leaflets.
Petioles channelled, less than an inch long. Stipules
none. Panicles axillary, solitary, long peduncled, smooth, .
erect. Flowers numerous, small, white. Bractes minute, —
caducous. Calyx one-leafed, five-toothed, permanent.
Petals five, cuneate-lanceolate, spreading. Nectarium
subcylindric, shorter than the petals, half ten-cleft, divi-
sion alternately a little shorter, bifid. Filaments scarcely
any. Anthers ten, ovate, three-lobed, crowned with an
obtuse point, ‘attached to the inside of the divisions
of the nectary. Germ superior, immersed in 4 large
fleshy ring, two-celled, with two ovula in each, attack
to the middle of the partition. Style short. “Stigma
large, nearly round, with a Bee ote apex which is ip
re
i
Ekebergia, -DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. _ 391
ther within the mouth of the nectary. Capsule round,
the size of a small cherry, fleshy, one-celled, two-valved,
opening round the apex. Seed solitary, round, invested
in a complete, thin, white, sebaceous aril, which with
the seed, as in the germ, are attached to what was the
partition, now pressed to one side by the abortion of
three-fourths of its original contents. Integument single,
when recent orange, but soon changing to a chesnut co-
lour, smooth, and strong, with a long white umbilicus
strongly marking the side of attachment,. Perisperm none.
Embryo inverse. Cotyledons two, hemispheric, conform
. to the seed, firm, green. Plumula small, two-lobed, Ra-
dicle superior, small. eres .
The back, leaves, and tender parts possess a consider-
able share of a peculiar bitter taste ; and the cold infusi-
ous thereof, with the addition of a little sulphate. of iron,
becomes black; two principles very generally found
amongst the plants of this natural order, which grow in
Thdia.
Specimens of another species were received from. the
Molucca Islands where the tree grows, but I have no
drawing thereof. I however add a short definition below,
2. H. quinquijuga. R.
Arboreous, Leaves unequally pinnate ; ——. Lg
pair. Panicles, the length of theleaves. =
A tree, native of the Moluccas, with the perfect habit
ofa Melia.
-EKEBERGLIA. Schreb. gen. n. 619.
- Calyx from four to five-toothed. — Corol five-petalled.
Nectary cylindric, ten-cleft, antheriferous. Germ supe-
Tior, five-celled, cells one-seeded. Embryo inyerse, sand
fumished with a perisperm.
392 — DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Sandoricum.
1. E. indica. R.
‘Shrubby. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets grossly serrate.
Nectaries ten-cleft to near the base. Panicles axillary.
Teling. Pooroodona.
Common throughout the Circars. It delights chiefly
in the lower, sloping barren lands, about the bottom of
mountains, where it grows to be a small tree. It flowers
ali thé year round.
Leaves alternate, unequally pintiate, from six to nine
inches long. Leaflets from four to six pairs, opposite,
oblong, grossly serrate, smooth ; the most exterior al-
ways largest, about three inches long, and one and a half
broad. Panicles axillary, small, long-peduncled. Flow-
ers small, white, inodorous. Nectary ten-cleft, cylindric;
segments bifid. Filaments exceedingly short, inserted
into the divisions of the ten segments of the nectary.
Germ superior, five-celled, with one ovula in each, at-
tached to the upper end of the axis. Berry, the size
of a pea, round, smooth, when ripe red and somewhat
succulent, five-celled. Seed solitary, reniform. Integu-
ments two ; exterior hard, thin, and elastic ; inner mem-
branaceous, and brown. Perisperm conform to the seed,
soft and juicy. Embryo a little curved, inverse. ony
ledons oblong. Radicle oblong, superior.
I have not found that this species is rapt in ye | |
=e except for fuel,
SANDORICUM. Schreb. gen.n.VJ51.
Calyx five-toothed. Corot five-petalled. Nectary cy-
lindric, bearing the ten anthers in its mouth, Germ sU-
pias five-celled, cells two-seeded, attachment subsupe-
- Berry five-seeded. Embryo i inverse, no pene
“LS, indicum, Witla: 2. 556, nis
Sandoricum. Rumph. Amb. 1. p. 167. ¢.64.0
*
I a ei a a a
Sandoricum. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA., 393
A most elegant tree, having a straight trunk, about ten
or twelve feet in height, covered with smooth, greenish
bark; the tree this measurement is taken from is in the
Company’s Botanic garden at Calcutta, about twenty-four
years old, eighty inches in circumference, four feet above
the ground, supporting a large, globular, dense head ; it
flowers in February, and the fruit ripens in the rainy sea-
son. ae
Leaves alternate, petioled, ternate, about a foot long.
Leaflets ovate, entire, having the upper side smooth, ex-
cept when young, and the lower one downy, the veins pa-
rallel, from five to seven inches long, and from three to
four broad. Petioles round, when young downy. Stipules
none. Panicles axillary, diffuse, shorter than the leaves,
Bractes oblong. Flowers numerous, small, yellow. Calyx
beneath, campanulate, five-parted; divisions rounded,dow-
ny. Petals five, linear-oblong, expanding. Nectary dou-
ble ; the exterior one cylindric, with a ten-toothed mouth ;
the interior one is one-fourth the length of the exterior one,
enveloping the germ and base of the style, with its mouth
about ten-toothed. Filaments none. Anthers ten, linear,
affixed to the inside of the exterior nectary. Germ supe-
‘tior, five-celled, with two ovula in each, attached to the
upper end of the axis. Berry nearly round, size of a
small orange, slightly villous, when ripe yellow ; pulp in
_ large quantity, fleshy, acid, and edible, five-celled, but the
partitions are often incomplete, when the seeds come to
maturity. Seeds one in each cell, oblong, each enveloped
in its own proper aril, as in the guttifere ; aril replete
with tough woolly fibres, which adhere firmly to the exte-
rior, tough, parchment like integument ; the inner integu-
ment brown, polished and spongy; attachment from the
upper and inner edge to the upper end of the axis, as in
the germ. Perisperm none. Embryo straight, inverse. —
Cotyledons two, conform to the seed, ents over 2
_ Radicle short, clavate, papier. bs: BOE
394 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. _ Melia,
MELIA. Schreb. gen. n. 724.
Calyx five-toothed. Corol five-petalled. Nectary cy-
lindric, bearing the anthers in its mouth. Germ superior,
five-celled; cells from one to two seeded ; attachment sub-
superior, Drupe with from a one-to a five-celled nut, Seed
solitary. Embryo inverse, with little or no perisperm,
1. M. azadiracta, Willd. 2. 559.
Leaves pinnate ; leaflets falcate. Drupe one seeded. —
Sans. Nimba.
Teling. Vepa.
Beng. Neem, or Nimb,
Tam Vepam.
Azedarach. Burm. Zeyl. 40. €. 15.
Aria-bepou. Rheed. Mal. 4. t. 52.
A middling sized, very common, beautiful, and very
useful tree. Flowering time the hot season. It differs
from all the other species known to me in having a one-
celled, one-seeded nut, though the germ has ats
five-cells, with one or two ovu/a in each, ah
2. M. tomentosa. R. , wit
Leaves pinnate ; leaflets ten paired, entire. ThryseS’
axillary, solitary, long peduncled, simple. jist
Mal. Barang babee. + oye
A native of Pulo Pinang, where it grows to be a large
- Leaves alternate, pinnate, six feet, or more in length-
Leaflets opposite, ten or more pairs, subsessile, lanceo-
late, entire, fine-pointed, of a firm, leathery texture, Fe-
ticulated, and very downy underneath; exterior pails
largest, often a foot in length. Petioles round, very
' downy. Stipules none, Racemes axillary, solitary, long-
peduncled, thyrsiform, compound. Flowers pretty large,
_ Very numerous, crowded. Bractes subulate, dow?y+
ee
Melia. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 395
Calyx cup-shaped, almost entire, downy. Petals five,
wedge-shaped, expanding. Nectary cylindric, nearly
the length of the petals, the ten divisions of its mouth
linear, and ragged on the inside ; exceedingly hairy. Sta-
mens as in the genus. Germ ovate, hairy. Style as long
as the nectary, hairy. Stigma globular.
The ripe fruit has not been found, but the germ has
five cells, with one seed in each.
3. M. sempervirens. Willd. 2 559.
Leaves bipinnate ; leaflets ovate cordate, gashed, with
taper, entire apices, smooth on both sides but not shin-
ing.
Melia foliis Guplinata’pinnstis.” Flor, Zeyl. 162.
Sans. Muha-nimba. |
- Hind. Bakarja-
Arab. Ban. | vee danse BE ce
Teling. Turka-vepa. : Rises
“A native of Persia, now common CrBuguout India.
Plants reared in the Botanic garden at Calcutta from
seed received from the West Indies, did not in any res-
pect differ from our own Asiatic sort. It blossoms the
greater part of the year in our gardens, and is perfectly
distinct from Azedarak which is a robust, deciduous
timber tree, and this a small, delicate,ever Jew’ of short
duration, suman with the other. si
4. M. azedarak. Willd. 2. 558.
Leaves bipinnate; leaflets obliquely ovate-lanceolate,
serrate, taper-pointed, ofa deep shining green, —
Shum-shu of the Chinese at Canton.
Melia azadiracta. Gert. sem. 2p. 474 t. 189. I. 9. :
A native of China, &c. In the Botanic garden at Cal... Ps
cutta it flowers during the hot season, thrives Juxuriant-,
ly. and quickly becomes a large useful timber tree, of vex
ae a a2 i ee
896 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Melia.
great beauty. Its flowers are like those of the Lilac, and
are sweetly fragrant. iy,
5. M. superba. R.
Leaves. bi-tripinnate; leaflets ovate-cordate, wiiilias
acuminate, lucid. Drupe ovate ; nut perforated at a
ends,
A native of Soonda, where Dr. Berry found it, a forest
tree of immense size. In the Botanic garden at Calcutta
where it has been raised from the seed, sent by Dr, B. it
has, in six years from the time the seed was sown, at-
tained the height of forty or fifty feet, with a most state-
ly trunk, of about four feet in circumference, at four feet
above ground. Flowering time February and March,
and the seed ripens in December and January.
Trunk nearly straight. Bark dark brown, dotted with
small white specks. Branches generally trichotomous,
their bark like that: of the trunk. Young shoots mealy.
Leaves alternate, in luxuriant young trees tripinnate, when
older generally bipinnate ; from two to fuur feet long, (in
M. robusta they are only from twelve to eighteen inches
long). Pinne from three to six pair, opposite. Pinnule
ternate. Leaflets from three to seven pair to each pinna,
generally opposite, petiolated, cordate, and ovate-cordate,
crenate, smooth, acuminate; from three to five inches
long. Petioles round, while young mealy, P. anicles
axillary,-and lateral, round the base of the present annU-
al shoots, large, ascending, very ramous, and of an ovate
form, while young mealy. Flowers numerous, small, of a
dull white, and offensive smell. Bractes small, lanceolate,
nearly caducous, Calyx five-leaved ; leaflets ovate-lan-
i incurved,mealy, Petals tient concave, recury-_
. Nectary subcylindric, rather gibbous at the base,
pater hairy on the inside ; the ten teeth of its mouth
divided into three, four, or five short, subulate segments. po
Germ five-celled, with two seeds i in each, attached as :
Ge te ee.
+
Melia. - DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA, | 897
_their upper and inner angle, to the axis. Style cylindric.
Stigma large, with a five-toothed apex. Drupe ovate, the
size of a pigeon’s egg, smooth, fleshy, when ripe yellow.
Nut oblong, perforated at both ends ; apex five-toothed
round the perforation, five-celled. Seeds solitary, lanceo-
lar, attached from the apex. Perisperm in small quantity.
Embryo straight, inverse, pale green. Colyledons lan-
ceolate. Radicle oval, superior.
6. M. robusta, R.
Leaves bipinnate ; leaflets obliquely ovate, polished,
entire, or with the anterior margins crenulate, acuminate.
Panicles axillary. Drupes. ovate. Nut with a quinque-
dentate apex.
A large tree, a native of Malabar, and introduced into
the Botanic garden at Calcutta by Dr. Berry, where in
seven years the trunk of the largest tree was forty-four
inches i in circumference, four feet above ground, and the
total height forty-six feet. Flowering time March and
April. ~The seed ripens-in December.
Trunk very straight. Bark clean, smooth, dark
brown. Branches large, not very numerous, but spread-
ing considerably, their bark like that of the trunk, with
Some light grey, scabrous specks. | Young shoots dow-
ny, with minute stellate pubescence. Leaves alter-
nate, unequally bipinnate, from twelve to eighteen inch-
éslong. Pinne about three pair. Leaflets three, five,
Seven, or nine on each pinna, the pairs obliquely-ovate,
and oblong; the terminal one biform, all are smooth,
or rather polished, entire, or crenulate, acuminate, from
two to three inches long. Panicles axillary, scarcely
half the length of the leaves. | Flowers numerous, small,
White, inodorous. Bractes, below the ramifications of
the panicle, solitary, filiform, and often yery long. Calyx j
five-leaved ; leaflets ovate-oblong. Petals linear-lan- _
ceolar, recuryate, ‘Nectary gibbous at the base; seg-
‘Ments of its mouth minute and filiform. Filaments
*
398 _DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Swietenia.
none, Anthers sessile, round the inside of the mouth
ofthe nectary. Germ ovate, five-celled, with two seeds
in each, attached from their apex to the aril. Style
the length of the nectary. Stigma large, with a five-point-
ed apex. Drupe ovate, the size of a large olive, smooth,
of a yellowish green within, when ripe, one-celled. | Nut
oblong, a perforation at each end, which passes through
the centre ; apex deeply five-toothed, thick and hard, five-
celled, five-valved, for by age and exposure they divide
spontaneously. Seed solitary, lanceolar. Integuments
two ; the exterior one highly polished, black; the inner
one membranaceous. Perisperm none. Embryo inverse.
Cotyledons lanceolar, Plumzla two-lobed. Radicle short,
superior. ,
SWIETENIA. Schreb. gen. n. 723.
Calyx five-toothed. Cuvrol five-petalled. Nectary ith!
cylindric, bearing the anthers in its mouth. Germ supe
rior, from three to five-celled ; cells:many-seeded ; attach-
ment interior. | Capsule from three to five-celled, from
three to five-valved. Seeds imbricated, and winged. Ee:
bryo inverse, no perisperm.
1. S. febrifuga. Willd. 2. 557. R-_ Corom, pl. 18. t. 1%
Leaflets from three to four pair, opposite, oval, and ob-
long, obtuse. Panicle terminal, diffuse. Capsules a,
celled, opening from the apex. |
Teling. Soymida,.
- Beng. Rohina.
- Tam. Wond-marum. -
_ A native of the mountains of India. It flowers during
the hot season. The bark is a powerful febrifuge, and am
excellent substitute for Peruvian bark, which was one of
Sir William Jones’s desiderata ; see pape capa — a
180.
fa
Swietenia. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 399
_ 2.8. Chickrassa. R.,
_ Leaflets from six to eight-pair, sub-alternate, oblique-
ly oblong, pointed. Pauicles terminal, diffuse. Capsules
three-celled.
Beng. Chikrassee.
A native of the mountainous parts near Chittagong, &c.
to the eastward of Bengal. Flowering time the hot sea-
son, viz. April,and May. Itisa timber tree of great size,
with a thick, strai-ht trunk, and dark rust-coloured bark,
which is pretty deeply cracked, but inwardly very firm
and of a pretty deep reddish brown colour, whichis pow-
erfully astringent, but without bitterness.
Leaves alternate, abruptly-pinnate, in luxuriant plants
often bipinnate, from six to eighteen inches long. Leaf-
lets subopposite, from two to ten pair, subsessile, ob-
liquely-ovate ; with a pretty long tapering point, entire,
smooth on both sides, increasing in size towards the apex
of the leaf. -Petioles round, with here and there a small
scabrous speck. Stipules none.. Panicles terminal, erect,
pretty large. Flowers numerous, pretty large. Bractes
small. Calyx inferior, small, five-parted, the divisions ex-
panding, linear, wedge-formed, slightly emarginate. Nec-
tary nine-leaved, subcylindric, rather shorter than the pe-
tals, striated ; mouth most slightly ten-toothed, Filaments
Minute, inserted into the top of the toothlets of the necta-
Ty, Anthers cordate. Germ oblong, striated, a little hairy.
Style just long enough to raise the large peltate. Stigma
€ven with the mouth of the nectary. Capsule oval, some-
What pointed, scabrous, the size of a small pullet’s egg,
three-celled, three-valved, with double integuments, anda
three-winged receptacle, | Sceds numerous, winged and
imbricated in a double series across the cells.
The wood of this tree is greatly admired for its beauty,
being of alight colour, and most elegantly veined ; at’
the Same time very close in the grain- Itisemployed to”
make furniture of various kinds, Tt coal
BS Se, : ‘z & oe
400 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Tribulus,
3. S. chloroxylon. Willd. 2. 557. R. Corom. pl. p. 49. t. 64.
_ Leaflets alternate, from ten to twenty-paired, semicor-
date, oblong. Nectary a fleshy ring, with the stamina in-
serted round its base. Panicles terminal. Capsules three-
celled.
Teling. Billoo. —
Cing. Boorootch gata.
Tam. Moodudad-marum.
‘This is our beautiful East Indian, satin wood tree,
which grows in mountainous districts chiefly, and bles
soms during the hot season.
GARUGA. (R.)
Calyx campanulate, five-toothed. Corol five-petalled
inserted into the mouth of the calyx, alternate with five
stamina, and just above the other five. Germ superior,
five-celled; cells two-seeded; attachment subsuperior.
Stigina five-lobed. Drupe with from one to five one-seed-
ed nuts, Embryo inverse, no perisperm. |
G. pinnata. R, Ind. pl.3.N. 208,
- Teling. Garuga, or Garugoo,
Katou-Kalesjam. Rheed. Mal. 4. t.33.
- Beng. Joom.
A tree of great size, a native of various parts of India.
It flowers during the hot season. The fruit is eaten by |
the natives, both raw and pickled. “
TRIBULUS. Schreb. gen. Nn. 732. iH
_ Calys five-leaved, or five-parted. Corol svespetalled:
Style none. Germ five-celled ; cells about three or four
seeded ; attachment central. Capsules or nuts supt
five or more united, thorny, many-celled, — on !
ed. Embryo centripetal, — perisperm. — a
*
Jussieua. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. " 401
T. lanuginosus, Willd. 2. 566.
» Prostrate amongst grass, &c. Leaves about aoe
oval, hairy. Nuts two-horned.
T. terrestris zeylanicus, Burm. zeyl. ‘1, 106, fi.
Sans. Gokshooruka.
Beng. Gokhoor or Gokhooree.
Common on pasture land in many parts of India, pro-
ducing flowers and ripe seed great part of the year,
JUSSIEUA. Schreb. gen. n. 741.
Calyx from four to five-parted. Corol from four to
_ five-petalled. Capsule inferior, from four to five-celled,
Opening at the nuelos, eee numerous,
1. J. repens. Wina. 2. 574,
_ Annual ; floating by vescicles round the insertion 1 of the
alternate, obovate-cuneate leaves. Flowers axillary, five-
petalled, decandrous.
‘Nir-carambu. Rheed. Mal. 2. t. 51.
Sans. Bhooluvungga, also Langulee.
Teling. Neer batsalla.
Hind. Kanchana.
Beng. Kesara-dam.
It is found in most parts of India, floating on lakes,
and pools of fresh water ; in flower during the oe sea-
. 80n,
OR, J. exaltata. R.
Perennial, erect. Leaves alternate, sessile, narrow,
lanceolate, downy. Flowers solitary, four-petalled, oc-
tandrous. Capsule nearly as long as the leaves.
Catta-carambu. Rheed. Mal. 2. 1. 50.
Beng. Bun-lung, or Lal-bun-lung.
- Teling. Ronee:
~
402 _ ‘DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Melastoma,
This species is perennial, it delights in moist. places
overgrown with small jungle.- Flowering time the wet
season, ae
Stem erect, when old woody. Young parts slightly
four-sided, and downy. Leaves alternate, sessile, lineat-
lanceolate, entire, downy, from two to four inches long.
Stipules: minute, semilanceolate. ..Peduncles axillary,
solitary, very short, one-flowered. Calyx four-cleft, Pe-
tals four, orbicular, clawed, Stamens eight, erect. Cap-
sule four-celled. a
MELASTOMA. Schreb. gen. n. 742.
Calyx campanulate, five-toothed. Corol five-petalled, _
inserted into the mouth of the calyx. Germ five-celled;
cells many seeded ; attachment to a cuneiform recepta-
cle projecting from the axis. Capsules five-celled, in-
volved in the calyx. Seeds numerous.
_ Note. All the species examined by me, have the seeds
regularly attached to a cuneiform semilunar, receptacle
in each cell, vertically ’united to the axis, as in Osbecki@
hirta Gert. sem. 2. t. 126. I make this remark becaus¢
Geertner describes them to be nidulent ; his seed vessels
may have been old, and the receptaclesdecayed. » —
1. M. ferruginea, R. eit
Shrubby, all. the tender parts, except the upper sur:
face of the short-petioled, ovate-cordate, acuminate, &® -
tire leaves, covered with ferruginous, stellate pubescence
Panicles terminal. Flowers octandrous... Calyx Wi
ample, obtusely four-lobed borders. igi? fel ‘
is A native of Pulo Pinang,
2. M. cxinita, Rk | | | | 132 “ital 4
Shrubby, all the tender sonia t very ey Leaves PO" ;
tioled, lanceolate, from three to five nerved, entires Pt
‘Melastoma. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA.- 403
nicles terminal ; flowers octandrous ; border of the calyx
eight-parted ; segments ensiform, four of them minute, all
ciliate.
A native of the most moist, and shaded parts of the
rocky coast of Chittagong where it blossoms in April and
May. It is remarkable for its great quantity of long, dis-
tinct, appressed, pale coloured hair, and large beautiful
red flowers.
3. M. pulchella. R.
Shrabby. Leaves short-petioled, lanceolate, entire ; .
margins and nerves with a few appressed bristles, Pa-
nicles terminal; bractes cordate, bristle-ciliate. Flow-
ers octandrous, in the bud, bristle-ciliate, and ramentace-
ous.
A native of Chittagong.
4, M. geniculata. R.
Shrubby. Leaves subsessile, lanceolar, entire, sca-
brous, bristly, with three strigose nerves. Flowers ter-
Ihinal, triple, octandrous, alternate, filament jointed.
A large ramous shrub, a native of many parts of In-
dia, gciab
Bark of the old branches pretty smooth, of the young
very strigose; all round. . Leaves opposite, short-pe-
tioled, lanceolar, entire, three-nerved, scabrous on’ both.
sides, not only from numerous, short, bristly hairs point-
ing forward, but also from a natural harshness ; the under
Side of the nerves, and petioles strigose.. Flowers termi-;
nal, generally three-fold, short-peduncled. | Peduncles
Very strigose. Bractes solitary, or in pairs to each flow-
€ts, ovate-concave, and falling off with, or soon after the
petals, leaving the tube of the calyx for an envelope to
the capsule. Calyx four-parted, very strigose; divisions —
cordate, acute. _Corol four-petalled. Filameniaalier- ;
Y yi”
ra
. 404 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Melastoma.
nately enlarged with.a second curved joint. Anthers te~
curved, linear, Capsule four-celled.
5. M. cernua. I. R.
Scandent, Leaves ovate-lanceolate, five-nerved,smooth.
Panicles terminal, long, thin, drooping, with the rane
cations four-winged. Flowers octandrous.
A native of Chittagong. It flowers in October bie
November ; and the seed ripens in February, and March.
The leaves in this elegant large rambling species that —
occupy all but the base of the panicle are rather long-
petioled, remarkably large, often a foot long, and from
three to four inches broad ; with the nerves ‘particularly
large and distinct to the very apex ; those close to the
panicles are sessile, and very exactly cordate; the pa-
nicles are also uncommonly long, as far as two feet, oF
more, and droop elegantly when loaded with its profusi-
on of middling sized, bright red flowers.
6. M. vagans. R.
Scandent. Leaves ovate-cordate, bristle-serrulate, acu-
minate, three or five-nerved ; petioles and nerves hairy.
Panicles terminal, large ina decussated, flowers octan-
drous.
Beng. Juy-phutkee,
An extensive, beautiful scandent shrubby species, @
native of the hilly countries immediately east of Be
where its numerous, small, bright red flowers appear in”
October, and the seed ripens during the ensuing hot sea~
son. ‘The young shoots, petioles, and nerves of the leaves”
are the only hairy parts, and but in a small degree, all
the rest are smooth ; the leaves are large, about six
inches tees and three broad.
ve M. senate ‘Te
, Smooth in every part. “Leaves vil pean 4 ovate
ayia
Melastoma. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA,. 406
cordate, entire, threé-:nerved, (beside the marginal rib.)
Panicles terminal, divaricate.' Flowers octandrous. Ca-
lyx subcylindric, with the mouth obscurely four-toothed.
Capsule hid in the bottom of the calyx.
_A native of the Moluccas. The flowers in this pretty,
smooth species, are uncommonly small, with the oval pe-
tals shorter than the filaments, which are all simple, and
shorter than their anthers.
8. M. cordifolia. R.
Scandent, every part smooth, Leaves short-petioled,
cordate, entire. Panicles terminal. Flowers octandrous,
Petals ovate. Calyx with an ‘aida oe neeneeer:
border...
A native of Chittagong and Pulo eon
9. M. saibbathriba. Willd. 2, 592.
Shrubby, tender parts strigose. Leaves entire, broad-
lanceolar, from three to five-nerved, scabrous, with ap-
pressed, short, sharp, flat bristles. Flowers terminal,
and surrounded with ovate-cordate bractes, divisions s
the calyx cordate, acute. |
- Kadali. Rheed. Mal. 4. t. 42.
A large shrub, or small tree, a native of our Circar
mountains, Chittagong, &c. It flowersin March. _
- Leaves opposite, sbort-petioled, broad lanceolar, from
three tu five-nerved, entire, scabrous, particularly above ;
about four and a half inches long, and one and a half or
two broad... Flowers terminal, short-peduncled, large,
red. . Calyx 4nd Corol as in the genus. Filaments ten,
yellow, five are short, tapering, ending in a crescent-shap-
ed gland, in which the anthers sit ; five others are alter-
hate with those five, double their length, have a bend,
With a crescent-shaped process on their middle. Anthers
, erect. Germ hairy, five-celled, with numerous
ovula in each cell, attached to their semi-ovate une
405 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Melastoma.
receptacles, which adhere vertically to the axis, as repre- —
sented in Osbeckia hirta. Gert. sem. 2. t. 126.
10. M. decemfida. R.
Shrubby. Leaves petioled, lanceolar, three or five-
nerved, entire, smooth, except a few bristles on the
nerves, Flowers terminal, decandrous. Calyx ten-cleft,
and very shaggy, with long stiff hairs.
A native of hills on Pulo Pinang, in flower and sed :
in July and August.
11. M. curva. R. 4
Shrubby ; all the tender parts strigose, Leaves petio-
led, ovate-cordate, from five to seven-nerved, finely sel
tulate. Panicles terminal, corymbiform, supradecom-
pound. Flowers decandrous. Petals cordate, ciliate.
A native of Chittagong. et
12. M. furcata. R.
Shrubby, tender parts a little bristly. Leaves short
petioled, oblong, three-nerved, entire. Flowers terminal,
long-pedicelled, decandrous. Calyx covered with bifid
aioe, the segments of its border subulate, and decida-,
“ous. »
A native of the Moluccas, a slender, delicate species
_ 13. M. dodecandra. R.
_ All the tender parts more covered with bristles than :
: ‘the lanceolate, entire, three-nerved leaves are. Flowers
in terminal fascicles, dodecandrous, twelve segments of
the very bristly calyx deciduous. ene alternately
doubled. .
A native of the Moluccas, and by far the tanjest-flow-
ered species I have yet met with; when full plown
they expand from four to’ ioe inches, The - cee
only five cells,
Gastonia. .. DECANDRIA:. MONOGYNIA. 407
GASTONIA. Juss. gen. n. 242.
Calyx obscurely from eight to ten-toothed. Petals
from eight to ten. Germ inferior, from eight to ten-cell-
ed ; cells one-seeded ; attachment superior. Stigma from
eight to ten-rayed. Capsule evalvular, from eight to
ten-celled. Seed solitary. Embryo inverse, and furnish.
ed with a perisperm. ‘¢
1. G. palmata, R.
Sub-arboreous, armed. Leaves palmate, serrate ; pe-
tioles armed. ,
An erect, stout shrub, or small tree; every part well
armed with numerous, short, straight prickles. A native
of the moist vallies of Chittagong, where it blossoms in
January and February, and the seeds pen in May % and
June. :
Stem, in luxuriant plants in the Botanic garden at
Calcutta now three years old, straight, nearly simple,
about as thick as our largest walking canes, from six to
seven feet high, completely armed with numerous, small,
straight and incurved prickles, toward the leaves, round,
‘the top intermixed with appressed, feruginous, stiff
bristles. Branches only two or three from the lower
parts of the stem, where it is thicker, and more ligneous,
in every respect like the stem. Full grown trees in
their native vallies, are from ten to twelve feet high,
With stems twelve inches in circumference, bearing only
_ afew branches at the top. The /eaves round the top of
the stem and branches are nearly round, alternate, ap-
proximate, petioled, palmate; from five to nine-lobed,
from five to nine-nerved, of a hard texture, the upper sur-
face pretty smooth,the under one rather rough ; lobes lan-
ceolate, acuminate, acutely serrate; sinuses round ; the
length and breadth from twelve to thir yas inches.
~*
408 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Gastonia.
Petioles often as long as the leaves; base somewhat
sheathing with one bidentate, acute, stipulary process
on the inside ; from thence to the thickened incurved apex
columnar, and armed with small prickles; which are
more numerous about the apex, and ramentaceous, Pa-
nicles axillary and terminal, composed of a few, long-pe-
duncled, simple wmbellets; the whole much shorter
than the leaves. Involucres a few, ensiform, feruginous
scales. Bractes solitary at the division of the panicles,
sheathing, tapering, acute, feruginous. Flowers numer
ous, pretty large, white. Calyx superior, small, with a sub-
truncate margin, being only obscurely marked with from
eight to ten denticles, clothed on the outside with meally
feruginous down. Petals from eight to ten, generally ten,
lanceolate, spreading. Filaments from eight to ten, gene-
rally ten, alternate with the petals, and about the same
length, or rather longer. Anthers of two very distinct
linear-oblong lobes, which separate more at the base
Germ turbinate, from eight to ten-celled, with one ovula
in each cell, attached to the top of the axis, Style short,
conic, from eight to ten grooved, permanent. Stigma con-
cave, with its margin marked with as many elevations,
as there are cells in the germ, Berry or capsule, nearly
round,crowned with the remaining calyx, the size of a nut-
meg, somewhat mealy, thin, and of a soft ligneous tex-
ture, from eight to ten-celled, evalvular (never, by a0Y
mode yet observed, opening spontaneously.) Seed soli-
tary, conform to the cell, consequently very thin, parti-
cularly the inner edge. Perisperm conform to the
Embryo inverse. Cotyledons two, lanceolate. Radlicle
optong, ett: oe cad
~ 2.G. sasiiro oides, R.
Unarmed. Leaves simple,
A native of the Moluccas, and nearly allied to Rom
phius’s Sasuru or Pseudo-sandalum, vol. 2. ¢, 12. Here’ ethe
“*
a |
ae
Lal
Rhododendron. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA: 409.
umbelets are decompound ; the first rays numerous’; the.
second dichotomous; and the third many-fold, and short. *
RHODODENDRON.
Calyx five-parted. | Corol infunbuliform. Stamina de-
clined, Capsule five-celled.
OL. R. puniceum. R.
Arboreous, Leaves lanceolar, coriaceous, hoary un-
derneath. .Racemes terminal. Bractes ensiform, serice-
ous. Corol campanulate ; segments retuse. aan ten-.
celled, . ce eet
' Boorans. Hardw. in Trans, Raid: Soc. 6. 359.
_A large tree, a native of the mountains north of Rohil-
khund, &e. It flowers in April and ‘May.
Trunk Soom twenty to thirty feet high, in large trees
about two feet in diameter. Bark suberous, light, scaling
off in irregular pieces, of an inch in thickness, and com-
posed of numerous, reddish cinnamon-coloured lamina of
about half a line in thickness ; the exterior one of a burnt-
brown. Branches numerous, very crooked, Leaves al-
temate, about the ends of the branchlets, short-petioled,
lanceolate, entire, coriaceous ; smooth above, hoary un-
derneath ; about six inches long, Stipulesnone. Germs
terminal, imbricated. Racemes terminal, sessile, subglo-
bular, much shorter than the leaves, crowded with large,
beautiful, deep crimson flowers. Bractes; exterior, before
the flowers expand, imbricated, strobiliform ; large, of a
‘shape from oval to cuneiform, solitary, one-flowered cloth-
edon the outside with much, long, beautiful, sericeons, pale
yellow pubescence ; the inferior two, filiform, inserted on
Opposite sides of the pedicells near the base, Calyx small,
unequally five-toothed. Corol campanulate, somewhat
oblique. Border of five, nearly equal, broad, retuse seg
‘Ments, the undermost one more highly coho ‘if pos.
Za
410 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Rhododendron.
sible, and rather the largest. Filaments ten, shorter than
the corol, unequal, declining. Anthers open with two
pores at the top. Germ superior, ovate-oblong, serice-
ous, ten-grooved, ten-celled. Style longer than the sta-
mina, curved. Stigma large, infundibuliform, with a ten-
notched margin. Capsule linear-oblong, pretty smooth,
and void of pubescence, ten-celled, ten-valved. Recep-
tacles very thin, vertically attached to the axis, and pro-
jecting far into the valves. Seeds numerous, minute,
somewhat winged.
Colonel Hardwicke informs us that the wood is in es-
timation among the natives, for making gun stocks, one
stocks of their match-lock pieces. cil
To introduce this beautiful tree in the Botanic garden
at Calcutta, many attempts have in vain been made; ‘the
seeds are exceedingly minute, and have always proved
abortive.
Dr. Rutherford, of Mooradabad, who has just sett
me seed and specimens, writes that he had at last pene
trated to the second range of Hills in the neighbourhood
of Chipea, and there had an opportunity of seeing this
most lovely of all trees in its glory, and says, “ 02 the
“leaves of the accompanying specimens, you will observe
“a substance encrusted like sugar, or honey. [was
“much struck with this appearance, for the trees td
“which it was first observed, glistened in the sun asi
“they had been just moistened with rain, and my sut-
“prise was not a little encreased when I discov
“ that this substance was sweet as the most delicious ho-
‘“‘ney, It existed in various degrees of density, from
“ thinest varnish, to a crust of several lines in thickness +
“while from some leaves it hung in drops, that wer?
“sometimes soft and pellucid, at others opaque and s-
_ “iid like candied sugar ; what is remarkable, the’ south-
“ern face of the trees only presented this appearance, —
“nor was’ it observed’ = but those at the very sum
Feronia, DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 411
‘mit of the mountain. To us, parched with thirst, and
“exhausted with fatigue it proved extremely grateful ;
“though afterwards, a somewhat different feeling was
“excited. On discovering that the underside of the
“leaves was covered with thousands of insects, of a faint
“green colour, and so minute as to be barely distin-
“euishable by the naked eye, at first I supposed that the
“honied substance must have been a formation of these
“insects ; but I was afterwards able to correct this no-
“tion, by observing that some of the stems and branch-
“es, which were hoary with lichens, were likewise cover-
“ed with it, though no traces of the insects could be'ob-.
“served. The nectaries of the flowers were plentifally
“ supplied with ret ; but i in them it was fluid, and tran-
——— as water,”
FERONIA.
Correa in Trans. of Linn. Soc. 5, 224.
_ Calyx from four to five-toothed. Corol from four to
five-petalled. Germ superior, one-celled; ovula numer-
ous, attached to five parietal receptacles. Berry spheri-
cal, covered with a hard cortex, one-celled. Seeds nu-
merous, immersed in pulp. Embryo vaga without peris-
perm,
“tak. "Bi ccm Willd. 4. 973. R. Corom. pe 2N,
Ut. ,
eeiuless vallanga, Kon. Mss ss. “et some writen balanga,
‘or balangas.
Capittha. Asiat. Res. 4. p. 230.
Anisifolius. Rumph. Amb, 2. t, 43.
Beng. Kath-bel.
- Teling. Yellanga. |
hs ete Wns 8 Vola-maram..
ey
412 _ » DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Ceratostema,
A large tree, yielding very hard, durable timber, found
in most parts of India. | Flowering time the beginning
of the hot season. The germ is one-celled, containing
numerous ovula attached to five parietal receptacles,
The fruit edible, and much esteemed by many.
~ARBUTUS. Schreb. gen. n. 750.
- Calyx five-parted. Corol ovate, diaphanous at the base.
ob superior, five-celled.
A. herpetica. C. ri
Arboreous. Leaves ovate, entire, pointed. Racemes
terminal, drooping. Berries many-seeded. i
’ Found by Colonel Hardwicke, amongst the mountains
on his tour to Sirinagur. See Asiat. Res. vol. 6. p. 360-
CERATOSTEMA. Juss... a
33 Reign five-parted. Corol tubular, subcylindric ; mouth
five-cleft... Anthers long-horned. Germ inferior, five-cell-
ed; cells many-seeded ; attachment central. Berry five-
celled, many-seeded. | Embryo ——— and a
ed with a perisperm.
1. C. vaccinacea. R.
Shrabby. . Leaves subverticelled, narrow-lanceolar, $¢
rate. Racemes axillary, the length of the leaves.
_ An elegant, very ramous shrub, a native of the Garrow
hills, where it is called Kesaproom, the flowers have 4”
acid taste, and are eaten by the natives in their curries.
Hieeesing time April; the seed ripens in July.
Branches and branchlets numerous, and very erect :
; the young twigs rough with the withered permanent sti- a
pule, like ensiform scales; general height of the shrub ae
_ about six feet, Leaves tending tobe verticalled, s0b6° .
a ‘
Ceratosfema. DECANDRIA’ MONOGYNIA. 413
sile,narrow-lanceolar, serrate, acute, smooth, three inches
long, and half aninch broad. Racemes axillary, the length
of the leaves. Flowers numerous, drooping from the ex-
_ terior side of the raceme, small, white, tinged with green.
Bractes two, small, on each pedicel near the base. . Ca-
lyx superior, five-toothed, permanent. The base is join-
ed to the enlarged apex of the pedicel by a contracted
articulation. Corol tubular. Tube considerably gibbous.
Mouth five-toothed, and contracted. Filaments ten, in-
serted on the base of the tube of the corol. Anthers li-
near, ending in a linear, brown scariose flat arista, as
long as the anthers themselves, the whole shut up with-
in the corol. Germ inferior, five-celled, with two ver-
tical rows of ovula in each, attached to the axis. Style
the length of the corol. Stigma five-lobed. Berries inferi-
or, globular, succulent, the size of a small pea, smooth,
of a greenish-yellow when ripe, five-celled. Seeds many
in each cell, oblong, rugose. Perisperm soft, and white,
Embryo straight, cylindric, green, nearly as long as the
perisperm. Cotyledons oblong. — Radicle cylindric, the
length of the cotyledons, centripetal.
2. C. variegata, R.
Shrubby. Leaves lanceolar, entire. Racemes axillary,
few-flowered, drooping. . ir
Beng. Jalamoot- iy ordi :
- A stout shrubby plant, a native ia mountain pe
near Chittagong, Silhet, and on the Garrow hills, where it
blossoms during the cool season, when its numerous,
most beautiful, large, variegated, rosy flowers are —
ornamental ; the seed ripens in July.
Branches thick, ligneous, and of a stunted appearance,
covered with rough, ash-coloured bark. Young shoots
Smooth, and coloured. Leaves alternately crowded about
the ends of the branchlets, subsessile, lanceolar, entire,
firm and smooth ; from five to six inches long, andone —
414 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Styrax,
and a half or two broad. Stipules none. Peduncles axil-
lary, but chiefly from the old axils on the two to three
year old branches, solitary, or in pairs, very short, from
five to twenty flowered, smooth. | Pedicels much long-
er than the peduncles, smooth, clavate, highly coloured,
pendulous, having the apex enlarged into a saucer-shap-
ed receptacle for the germ. Flowers large, (two inches
long,) pendulous, of a variegated pink and_ red colour,
with the mouth greenish. Bractes some triangular scales
at the base and divisions of the peduncle. Calyx supe-
rior, five-parted. Segments smooth, conical, and acute.
Corol one-petalled. Tube considerably gibbous toward
the middle; the shades of colour appear imbricated, and
acuminate ; mouth five-cleft; segments taper, rather ob-
tuse, and greenish. Filaments ten, short, scariose, some-
times slightly united at the base, inserted partly on the
crown of the germ, andthe base of the tube of the: corol
on the inside. Anthers linear, of a bright rust colour, two
celled, crowned with a very long, scariose, bright, gold
coloured horn, which reaches to the mouth of the corol,
and united their whole length into a tube round the style.
Germ inferior, urn-shaped, five-celled, with many ovulain
each, attached to the axis. Style the length of the corol.
Stigma five-lobed. — Berries inferior, turbinate, crowned
with the permanent calyx, the size ofa small cherry, SU&
culent ; when ripe the colour is a mixture of red and yel-
— low, five-celled. Seeds many, linear-oblong, inserted aS
in the germ. Integument single. Perisperm conform to
the seed, soft, and clammy. Embryo nearly straight, cy"
lindric. Cotyledons two, Radicle ——— si at the
umblicus (centripetal.) — Ol
eases RAL: Kelech gru a: 0. cand
Calyx five-toothed. Coro! one-petalled, cimuciel
Germ superior, one-celled, many-seeded ; attachment it
Styrax. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Al5
'
ferior. Drupe dry ; nut one or two-seeded, Embryo wate
and furnished with a perisperm, .
1, S. serrulata. R.
Leaves oblong, acuminate, serrulate, smooth. Racemes
terminal, simple. ag:
Beng. Koom-jameva.
A small tree,a native of Chittagong, where it blossoms
in March, and the seed ripens in October.
- Branchilets alternate, the extreme tender parts only
villous, with a little, minute, stellate pubescence. Leaves
alternate, short-petioled, broad-ovate-lanceolate, serru-
late, acuminate, while young somewhat villous under-
neath, about three inches long, and from one to one
and a half broad, Stipules none. Racemes terminal,
generally on very short lateral branchlets, solitary, sim-
ple, shorter than the leaves. Peduncles and pedicels
villous. Flowers pretty large, alternate; besides those
which occupy the racemes there are two, or three, on
pretty long, recurvate, proper peduncles, in each of the
exterior axills., Bractes subulate, villous. Calyx cam-
panulate ; mouth repand-dentate, the outside and margins
villous. Corol one-petalled. Tube short, cylindric. Bor-
der six-cleft ; divisions lanceolate, villous on the out- :
side. Filaments ten, inserted into the mouth of the tube
of the corol, and there broad and woolly. Anthers li-
near, erect. Germ superior, ovate, villous, one-celled,
containing a number (from ten to fifteen) of seeds attached
toa receptacle, which rises but little above the bottom
of the cell, and is also in some measure attached to the
sides ofthe germ by three partial partitions, in short,
semi-trilocular. Style the length of the stamina, smooth.
Stigma obscurely three-lobed. Drupe or capsule superi-
or, ovate, the size of a small nutmeg, clothed with short,
soft, grey, thin, and rather bristly, pubescence one-cell-
ed, when ripe, slitting irregularly from the base, “into
+
416 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Inocarpus,
two, three, or four irregular portions. Nuts or seeds gene-
rally from one to four, consequently their shape varies’
much, attached asin the germ. Integuments two; the ex-_
terior one somewhat nuciform, pretty smooth, dark brown,
the inferior one membranaceous. Perisperm conform to
the seed, of a firm texture, and dull whitish grey colonr,
Embryo erect, nearly as long as the perisperm. Cotyle-
dons ovate-lanceolate. Radicle oblong, inferior. _
2. S. benjoin. Willd, 2.623. Dryand. in Phil. Trans. 7
308. f. 12. i
Leaves alternate, oblong, tapering to an obtuse eile
racemes (panicle,) axillary, compound, not villous, one-
seeded. pes
Benjamin, or Benzoin, Marsden’s Stimatra, p- 123.
-Luban the Bengalee, and Arabic name. of the resin,
though in fact this name ought to be applied to the resin of
my Boswellia thurifera, which is the real olibanum oF
Frankincense, of she ancients. iv
Suis eer rs
Galysx. bidentate. Corol infundibuliform } ‘cole
Stamina ina double series from the tube, Germ superiors
one-celled ; one-seeded; attachment superior. _ Drupé
one-seeded, Embryo inverse; no perisperm. - @
A, edulis. Linn. suppl. 239,
Gajanus. Rumph. Amb.1. p. 170. t..65.. bs
A native of the Molucca Islands; and from thence i2-
troduced into the Botanic garden at Calcutta in 1798,
where in ten years the largest of them was twenty-five OF
thirty feet high ; they blossom during the hot season, ow
ripen their fruit in August and September. ._- ahs
Trunk straight. Bark smooth ; ofa inane
Branches spreading with numerous, bifarious, flexuoser
. 7
o
Inocarpus, - DECANDRIA MONOGYNTA. 417
beautifully drooping branchlets. Leaves alternate, bifa-
rious, short-petioled, permanent, oblong, emarginate, en-
tire, both sides polished, and of a deep shining green
colour ; from six to twelve inches long, and abont three
orfour broad. Stipules minute, caducous, Spikes axil-
lary, sessile, solitary, or in pairs, much shorter than the
leaves. In the Bengal plant smooth. Flowers numer-
ous, small, very pale yellow, fragrant. Calyx bilabi-
ate. Corol funnel-shaped. Border five-cleft ; segments
lanceolate. Filaments ten, ina double series, hid in the
tube, and inserted intoit. Anthers oval, those of the -
upper series even with the mouth of the tube of the co-
tol, Germ superior, oval, one-celled, containing one-
seed, attached to the top of the cell, immediately under
the stigma, for there is no style. | Drupe obliquely oval,
the size of a goose’s egg, a little compressed laterally,
smooth, when ripe yellow, and of a tough fibrous texture,
one-celled, two-valved, opening round the margin into
two equal portions. Nué solitary, thick, two-valved,
Ohe-celled, and of a hard, tough fibrous consistence.
‘Seed single, conform to the nut, and attached to it imme-
diately under the stigma. Integuments two, the exterior one
brown, firmer and thicker than the inner one, and beau-
tifully marked with numerous, ramous, veins ; the inner
“One membranaceous. Perisperm none, Embryo inverse.
Cotyledons two, conform to the seed, amygdaline. Pluie
“mula, in seeds beginning to vegetate, it consists of several
_imbricate scales. Radicle superior, cylindric, and lodged
Immediately within the umbilicus, under the stigma,
The rapid growth of this very beautiful, ever green
tree, and the elegant shape of its spreading, dense crown
of deep creen foliage, renders it one of the most ornamen-
tal presents Bengal has got from the Molucca Islands.
The kernel is certainly edible, but by no means palata-
iil As yet re can s nothing of the quality of od ase <
.
Aaa
418 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Casearia,
CASEARIA. Schreb. gen. n. 756.
Calyx five-leaved. Corol none. Nectarial filaments
eight, or ten, distinct, and alternate, with the same number
of stamina. Germ superior, one-celled, many-seeded, at-
tachment parietal. Capsule berried, three-valved, one-
celled. Seeds nidulent. Embryo in some centripetal, in
others centrifugal, and between those directions, witha
perisperm.
1. C. vareca. R. |
Shrubby. Leaves linear-oblong, and lanceolate, very
finely serrulate. Flowers axillary, crowded, octandrous.
Stamina and nectaries on the bowl of the one-leayed ¢a-
lyx.
Vareca. Gert. sem. 1. p. 290. t. 60. aa
Tetahehera the vernacular name in Silhet, where it is
indigenous ; it flowersin May, and the seed ripens in Sep-
tember and October. Young shoots straight, rather 40-
gular, and somewhat hairy. Leaves alternate, bifarious,
short-petioled, linear-oblong, and lanceolate; very fine
ly, and acutely serrulate, a little hairy underneath ; from
three to six inches long, and from one to two broad. Sui-
pules cordate, villous. Peduncles axillary, crowded, short,
one flowered, the insertions embraced by many, s@@
scariose bractes. Flowers small, of a greenish grey colour.
Calyx one-leaved,bowl-shaped,the border divided into fV°
orbicular segments. Nectarial scales broad, short,
hairy, inserted alternately with the filaments, into them!
dle of the tube of the calyx. Filaments eight, short, slightly
united to the nectarial scales. | Anthers cordate. Gem
superior, ovate, one-celled, containing several ovula at a
tached to three equi-distant portions of the middle of io
the ovarium. Style short. Stigma capitate. Capsules*
perior, oval, the size of a french bean, smooth, one-cele"
Casearia. ‘ DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. “419
three-valved, opening from the apex ; the edge of the valves
elevated. Seeds generally six, oblong, attached to the
middle of the valves, enveloped in a little succulent aril,
which dries into Geertner’s partial cells. Infeguments two ;
the exterior one thin and white ; the interior one firmer and
brownish, Perisperm conform to the seed, oily. Embryo
green, shorter than the perisperm, straight. Cotyledons
_ cordate. Radicle cylindric, centrifugal.
2. C. glomerata. R.
Shrubby. Leaves bifarious, ovate-lanceolate, acutely
serrulate, smooth. Flowers axillary ; peduncled, crowded,
octandrous. Capsules berried, two-valved, five-seeded.
Loorjoor the vernacular name ‘in Silhet where it is found
indigenous in the forests. Flowering in December, and the
seed ripening in March.
Trunk short, dividing soon into many, nearly erect,
smooth branches and branchlets. Leaves bifarious, short-
petioled, from ovate to ovate-lanceolate, sharply serru-
late, smooth on both sides, from two to four inches long,
and one and a half broad. Stipules a brown downy scale,
on each side of the insertion of theleaves. Flowers axil-
lary, very numerous, small, ofa greenish-yellow, each with
adistinct peduncle. Calyx five-leaved. Corol none. Nec-
tary of eight hairy filaments, alternate with, and shorter
than those of the stamina. Filaments eight, incurved.
Anthers cordate. Germ superior, ovate, one-celled, con-
taining a few, from four to six, ovula attached oppo-
Sitely to the inside of the cell near the middle. Style
rather shorter than the stamina. Stigma large, subpeltate.
Capsule berried, oblong, fleshy, somewhat ventricose, the
Size of a very’small olive, one-celled, two-valved. Seeds
generally from three to six, attached in the germ, nearly
tound, invested in a small portion ofa red, soft aril. In-—
_ teguments two, the exterior one thin, ie ag
Anaad e
@
*
420. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Casearia.
ment, and white ; the inferior one membranaceous. Pe-
risperm conform to the seed. Embryo straight. Cotyle-
dons two, cordate, green, Radicle directly opposite to the
umbilicus, centripetal.
7
3. C. ovata. Willd. 2. 629.
Arboreous. Leaves alternate, bifarious, ovate-oblong,
serrulate. Flowers axillary, crowded, octandrous. Ca-
lyx five-leaved,
Stamens and nectaries distinct.
Anavinga, Rheed. Mal. 4. t. 49.
A pretty large tree, with an erect trunk, and numerous -
spreading and drooping branches, and branchlets. Found |
in the garden of Mr. Cowper on the banks of the Hoogly
just below Calcutta, and was in full blossom in March, .
the old leaves were then falling, and the new ones just be- .
ginning to appear.
Leaves alternate, bifarious, drooping, ovate-oblong, and .
oblong. serrulate, downy underneath. Petioles short,
round, villous, Stipules small, villous, caducous. Flowers —
axillary, or from the old axills of the new leafless branch--
lets, much crowded into globular heads, small, of a pale |
green, | Peduncles short, one-flowered, surrounded at their —
insertions with numerous, short, chaffy, villous involucres;
these, when the flowers are removed, form a round chatty »
receptacle, like that of many of the syngenesious flower
Calyx five-leaved ; leaflets ovate, villous.. Corol none. —
Nectaries eight subclayate, ciliate. bodies, distinct from
and alternate with the antheriferous filaments, and. about
half their length, Filaments eight, subulate, rather
shorter than the calyx. Anthers two-lobed, on the an-)
thers or the filaments being touched, or otherways iataeis. She
ted, they immediately expand and approach the base '
the stigma, by means of an articulation at the base ‘ of
the filament, which admits of this motion. Germ above —
Casearia. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 421
ovate. Style the length of the stamens, villous. Stigma
large, somewhat three-lobed. .
The mature fruit has not been seen.
4. C. glabra. R. a
Arboreous. Leaves bifarious, alternate, drooping,
ovate-lanceolate, slightly and remotely serrulate, smooth.
Flowers axillary, decandrous. Stamens and nectaries
inserted distinctly from each other.
Of this there is a single small tree in the Botanic gar-
den at Calcutta, raised from seed from the Molucca Is-
lands; it is in flower most part of the year, but never pro-
duces: fruit, yet the flowers seem perfect hermaphrodites,
The trees are now above ten years old, with a straight
trunk, up through | the divergiug, or rather drooping
branches to the very top of the little tree.
5. C. tomentosa. R.
Leaves alternate, oblong, serrate, downy. Flowers
axillary, octandrous. Stamina and nectaries united at
the base.
Teling. Gamgudoo.
A small handsome tree, a native of most of the Circars,
but not abundant. It flowers about the beginning of
the hot season.
Trunk erect. Branches spreading, horizontal ; bree.
lets bifarious ; young shoots downy. Leaves alternate, |
bifarious, short-petioled, ovate or oblong, serrate, dow-
hy underneath ; from three to five inches long, and from
One and a half to two anda half broad. Stipules small,
downy. Peduncles axillary, many, short, one-flowered.
Flowers small; downy, of a greenish yellow. Calyx
five-cleft to the bottom ; segments oval, hairy. Nectary a
Small flat ring surrounding the base of the germ ; from it —
Projects eight, clubbed, hairy divisions. Filaments ——*
422 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Aquilaria.
alternate with the divisions of the nectary and inserted
into it; length of the calyx. Anthers oval. Capsule
oblong, the size of anutmeg, fleshy, sulcated, three-valy-
ed, one-célled. Seeds many, nestling ina scarlet nidus,
6. C. esculenta. R.
_ Leaves alternate, oblong, entire, smooth. Flowers
axillary, octandrous. Stamina and nectaries united at
the base. 2
Tojeron kanneli. Rheed. Mal. 5. t. 50. seems to be
this plant.
Teling. Kunda-jungura.
This I have found only amongst the Circar mountains;
it is a large shrub, differing from the last in size, and
in having the leaves and every part perfectly smooth and
_ Shining ; in other respects they are the same.
The leaves are eaten in stews by the natives. The
roots are purgative, and as such used by the hill people-
I have, without success, tried to extract a good colour
from the red nidus of these plants, aii
AQUILARIA. Schreb. gen. n. 1753.
Calyx campanulate, five-cleft. Corol none. Nectary
ten-leaved, alternate with the stamina. Germ superior,
two-celled ; cells one-seeded ; attachment interior-
sule uwnanelled, two-valved, Seed solitary. . apelin: im:
verse, without perisperm.
A. Agallocha, R.
Leaves lanceolar. Umbels lateral, subsessile.
Sans. Ugooroo the name of the incense, or Aloe ¥
Hind, and. Beng. Ugoor. . 5 salt CAA q
Arab. Ayaloogi, Ayuloogin, Yellanjooj, &e. jie eee
Hardwickia. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA, A423
Pers. Ayaloor-chee, Oud, or-Oud Hindee,
Eng. Agallochum, or Aloe wood.
An immense tree, a native of the mountainous tracts
East and South East from Silhet, in about the latitude
of twenty-four and twenty-five north. Flowering time
the month of April ; the seed ripens in August,
There can be little, or no doubt, that this is the tree
which furnishes the real Calambac, or Agallochum of
‘the ancients, and there seems more reason to think
that it was carried to China from our eastern fron-
tier, than to suppose it was carried from Cochin China,
or any other country in the vicinity of China, where it
has.always been in greatdemand, Small quantities are
‘Sometimes imported into Calcutta by sea, from the east-
ward ; but such is always deemed inferior to that of
Silhet. Thriving plants of the Goro de Malacca re-
ceived from that place, are now in the Botanic. garden
and so exactly like plants of the same age and size of
our species, that they cannot be distinguished. But
for proof positive of their being the same, we must wait
‘till the Malacca plants blossom, and ripen their fruit, or
till good specimens that can be depended on, in those
states are obtained (and they are promised ;) till then we
may be allowed to consider A. ovata, Willd, 2. 629. as
another species of the same genus,
HARDWICKIA. R
Calyx none. Corol from four to fiye-petalled. Legume
capsular, one-seeded.
1. H. binata. R.
Leaves binate ; leaflets semicordate.
Tam. Acha, alti-marum.
This elegant tree is found indigenous on the moun-
tains of the coast of Coromandel, where it — a
¥
424 _ DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. ~~ Hardwickia.
large size, and yields timber of an excellent quality for a
' variety of uses.
Trunk tolerably straight. Bark deeply eg Branch-
es numerous, spreading in every direction, with bifarious,
alternate, slender, smooth, waving, drooping branchlets.
Leaves alternate, bifarious, petioled, binate, with a minute
bristle between them. Leaflets sessile, of a shape be-
tween semi-cordate and reniform, entire, very smooth on
‘both sides, while young tinged with red, slightly marked
with three or four nerves, from one to three inches long,
and a little more than half of that in breadth. _Petioles
round, smooth, about one-fourth or one-third the length
of the leaves. Stipules small, cordate, caducous. Pant-
cles terminal, and from the exterior axils, small, delicate-
ly slender, and smooth on every part. Flowers scatter-
ed, slender, pedicelled, small. Bractes minute, caducous-
Calyx none, except the corol be so called. Petals five,
obovate, concave, spreading, somewhat hoary on the
outside ; inside yellowish, rather longer than the stamens.
Filaments ten, alternately shorter, inserted round the
base of the germ, Anthers incumbent, ovate, with an a
cute point between the lobes. Germ oblong. Style as-
cending. Stigma large, peltate. Legume lanceolate, from
two to three inches long, two-valved, striated length-
ways, Opening at the apex. Seed solitary in the ape*
of the legume, and there inserted, cuneate, furrowed 5
the posterior edge thin and somewhat membranaceous
no aril,
Some beautiful thriving young trees are in the Bota-
nic garden at Calcutta, reared from seeds sent from
the mountains of Coromandel by Dr. Berry of Madras,
will soon enable us to know whether this tree produ-
ces any thing like the medicinal balsam ( Copaiva)
obtained from a tree which seems to be yery pearly.
ed to it.
y
Nectandra. §DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 425
2. H. pinnata. R.
Leaves alternately pinnate,
A tree a native of Travancore ; the leaflets are about ©
five in number, alternate, obliquely ovate-oblong, entire,
firm and lucid.
NECTANDRA. Juss. gen.
Calyx inferior, tubular, from four to five cleft. Corol
none. Nectarial scales from eight to ten from the mouth
of the tube of the calyx, alternate with the stamina.
Germ one-celled, one-seeded. Berry dry, one-celled.
Seed solitary. Embryo inverse without perisperm.
N. decandra. R.
Leaves opposite, lanceolate, entire. Nectarial squamz
linear-clavate. ;
Herenda is the vernacular name inSilhet, where it has
been found on only one hill, in the centre of an extensive
jungle growing on the ruins of an old Hindoo place of
religious worship, where the largest were elegantly bushy
shrubs; flowering time October, the seed ripens in Ja-
nuary, February and March.
Bark of the woody parts with small lighter coloured
specks thickly scattered. Branchlets dichotomous, and
much crowded. Leaves opposite, short-petioled, lanceolate,
smooth, entire, finely veined ; from two to three inches.
long, and Jess than one in brokiith: Floral leaves sessile
and coloured, in other respects like the common green
leaves. Peduncles terminal, pretty long, smooth and
Slender, embraced generally above their base, by a pair
of floral leaves, each bearing an erect umbellet of about
six, pretty large, greenish white, fragrant flowers. Pedi-
cells‘about as long as the flowers, and jointed a little be-
low the middle ; no bract@. Calyx inferior, tubular, ‘with- :
ering ; tube rather gibbous, hairy within ; border five-
Bbb
426 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Quisqualis,
cleft ; segments linear, and about as long as the tube. Co-
‘rol none, but there are ten clavate, abortive, filament-
like bodies which originate from the mouth of the tube of
the calyx, alternate with the true stamina. Filaments ten
from the mouth of the tube of the calyx, twice as long as
the nectarial clubs, and rather longer than the segments
of the calyx. Anthers erect, ovate. Germ superior, ob-
long, remarkably hairy, one-celled, and containing one
ovula attached to the top of the cell, Style the length of
the stamina, Stigma large, round. Berry dry, roundish-_
obovate, size of a large pea, hairy, particularly the some-
what pointed apex, one-celled. Seed single, nearly round,
Integument single. Perisperm conform to the seed, Em-
bryo inverse, oval, lodged in the upper half of the peris-
perm, Cotyledons thick, semi-circular. Radicle conical,
superior.
¢
QUISQUALIS. Schreb. gen. n. 739,
Calyx with filiform tube, and five-cleft border. Petals
five. Germ inferior, one-celled ; attachment superiors
Drupe five-seeded. ie
1. Q, villosa. R.
Bractes ensiform. Petals obovate-cuneate.
Devee-moung, the vernacular name at Rangoon.
From Pegu this elegant, scandent, stout shrub has
been sent to me by the Rey. Mr, F, Carey, and differs
no doubt, from another species recéived from Amboy®%
which I consider Q. indica, on account of the form of the
bractes and greater degree of pubescence.
Leaves opposite, or nearly so, short-petioled, orate
long, entire, somewhat acute, slightly villous;
three incheslong, and nearlyas broad. Spikes terminaland
axillary, solitary, villous. Flowers numerous, op Poe
and alternate, sessile. Bractes solitary, one-flowereds 2° a
Quisqualis. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 427
siform, villous. Calyx superior. Tube very long, and slen-
der; widening considerably near its five-toothed mouth, _
somewhat villous on the outside. Petals five, obovate-
cuneate, inserted into the mouth of the tube of the calyx,
alternate with its segments, villous. Filaments ten, alter-
nately shorter, inserted below the petals into the mouth
of the tube of the calyx, and much shorter than they.
Anthers oval, incumbent. Germ inferior, lanceolar, five-
sided, villous, one-celled with generally three, linear ovu-
la, attached to the top of the cell, (exactly as in our
combretums, Pentaptere, and Terminalie ). Style blended
in the tube of the corol, free at top only, where it emer-
ges from the tube. Stigma clavate, perforated. :
2. Q. indica. Willd. 2. 579.
Bractes oblong-ventricose, Petals oblong, very hairy.
Quis-qualis, Rumph. Amb. 5. t. 38.
A native of Amboyna, where it grows to be a large
scandent shrub, with the young shoots very downy.
Leaves sub-opposite, short-petioled, from round-oval
to oblong-cordate, entire, villous, their points triangular
and acute, Stipules none. Spikes terminal, and axillary,
villous. Flowers numerous, opposite, and alternate.
Bractes solitary, one flowered, rhombiform and ciliate.
Calyx. Tube filiform, widening just below the five-cleft
hairy mouth. Petals five, oblong-lanceolar, inserted on
the mouth of the tube of the calyx, very hairy. Filaments
ten, short, in two alternate rows round the mouth of the
calyx. Anthers oblong, incumbent. Germ inferior, ob-
long, one-celled, and containing generally four ovula, at-
tached to the top of the cell, as in the Pegu species, (Q.
villosa.) Style united to the tube of the calyx until it
reaches the stamina, where it separates, and ends equal
with the anthers, ina large, three-sided, perforated stig-
Mia. .
Bbb2
428 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA, - Getonia,
GETONIA.
Calyx one-leaved, five-parted, permanent. Corol none.
Filaments inserted into the calyx. Germ inferior, one-
celled, from two to three-seeded ; attachment superior.
Seed solitary, crowned with the remaining calyx.
1. G. nutans. R.
Panicles drooping. Stamina one-fourth the length 0 of
_ the calyx.
Found indigenous on the Rajmahl hills by Mr. Wil-
liam Roxburgh ; in the Botanic garden at Calcutta it blos-
soms in February, March, and April, This genus differs
from Combretum in the want of a corol only, for in
- some of the species of that genus, there are ten stamina.
Trunk short. Branches scandent, or even twining.
Bark of the young shootssomewhat mealy ; of the old and
ligneous parts light grey, and pretty smooth. Leaves
opposite, or nearly so, short-petioled, oblong, and ovate-
oblong, entire, acuminate, drooping, while young villous;
about six inches long and from two to three broad. Sti-
pules none. Panicles terminal, and axillary, droopitg,
composed of several opposite, diverging downy spikes
Bracies very downy, lanceolate, one-flowered, shortet
than the germ, Calyx superior subcampanulate, villous,
permanent; tube very short; borders of five long spread-
ing lanceolate, acute, three-nerved divisions. Coral
none, Filaments ten, about one-fourth the length of the :
calyx, inserted on its tube. Anthers small, incumbent.
Germ five-ribbed, one-celled, containing for the most
part three seeds attached to the top of the cell, Style
the math of the stamina. Stigma simple.
2 G, floribunda, Roxb. Corom. pl. 1. pl. 61. t. 87-
Panicles erect. Stamina as long as the divine” of
the calyx.
Terminalia. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 429
Teling. Bandee mooroodoodoo.
A native of the Circars, flowering in February and
March,
Note. Calycopterus. Lamark illust. gen. t. 357. is ex-
ceedingly like this, consequently like the former.
TERMINALIA. Schreb. gen. n. 1583.
- Calyx five-parted. Corol none. Germ inferior, one-
celled, two-seeded, attachment superior. Drupe one-
Seeded, oe inverse, spiral, no perisperm.
1. T. procera. R. i ech
Branches horizontal, verticelled. "gas cuneate, po-
lished. . Racemes axillary. Corol flat (rotate.) Drupe
oblong, obscurely five-seeded, with the nut of the same
Shape.
This very charming species is a native of the ‘higdn-
man Islands, where it grows to be a tfee of the first mag-
hitude. From thence it was introduced with many other
plants, into the Botanic garden at Calcutta by Col. A- |
lexander Kyd in 1794 ; and in L809 they were about fifty
feet high, with a slender, perfectly straight smooth trunk,
and several verticells of perfectly horizontal branches ;
with bifarious, alternate branchlets. . Flowering time in
Bengal the month of March; the fruit ripensin July. Its
leaves as in Catappa, drop about the beginning of winter
in Bengal, and appear with the flowers in March.
Leaves crowded about the ends of the branchlets, short-
petioled, cuneate ; margins slightly waved, apex round-
ed, with a large rather, obtuse point ; perfectly smooth
©n both sides; veins parallel, and simple, with a small .
hairy bit in the axill of each, and two glands on the sides"
of the nerve near the base ; from eight to twelve inches _
long, and from four to five broad. Racemes axillary, soli- 9
tary, shorter than the leaves. Flowers numerous, small, —
430 “‘DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Terminalia,
pure white, the hermaphrodite ones are near the base of
the raceme ; the male ones farther in. Ca/yx salver-shap-
ed (spreading flat without any tube.) Stamens alternate-
ly short, andincurved. Germ inferior, one-celled, con-
taining two ovula, pendulous from the top of the cell.
Drupe oblong, obscurely five-sided, but not in the least
compressed, as in T. Catappa, which in most respects
this species resembles very exactly, when ripe yellow.
Pulp in large quantities, of a lively red colour and plea-
sant subacid taste. Nut in shape exactly like the drupe,
but the five sides are better defined. Embryo with the
thin cotyledons wrapped spirally round each other and
the superior radicle.
2. T. Catappa. Willd. 4. 967.
Branches horizontal, verticelled. Leaves obovate.
Racemes axillary. Drupe and nut compressed.
Catappa. Rumph. Amb. 1. t. 68.
Beng. Budam, ~
Adamaram. Rheed. Mal. 4. t.3. 4.
Badamia. Commersoni Gert. sem. 1. t.97.
Juglans Catappa Lourier. Cochin Ch. 703.
A most beautiful, large tree, found in gardens, X¢-
near towns and villages, where indigenous, I have not
been able to ascertain. On the Coromandel coast it isin
flower and fruit almost the whole year.
Trunk straight ; branches verticelled, spreading horizon-
tally like the different stages of that kind of compound —
table, called a dumb-waiter. Branchlets alternate, bi-
farious. Bark smooth, of a dark olive colour while youas-
Leaves about the extremities of the branchlets, subses-
sile, horizontal between obovate, and wedge form ; mar-
gins a little scolloped ; apex rounded, with a small ob-
tuse point, smooth on both sides, having a large gland 00
each side of the nerve near the base on the back, from six
to twelve inches long. Racemes axillary, solitary, simple,
Terminalia. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 431
shorter than the leaves. Flowers numerous, small, dull-
whitish colour, Bractes minute, falling.
MALE FLOWERS, most numerous, scattered profusely
over every part of the raceme, above the hermaphrodite.
Calyx, &c. as in the genus.
HERMAPHRODITE FLOWERS a few below the male ones,
Drupe oval, compressed, smooth, having the margin ele-
‘vated with a groove on each side; when ripe, of a yel-
lowish colour, nut are with a rough surface. Nucleus
linear-oblong.
The kernels are fully as palatable as the best filberts,
or even almonds, and I have every reason to think they are
equally wholesome, and nutritive, The tree is highly or-
namental, few surpassing it in elegance and beauty.
The wood is also useful.
3. T. belerica. Corom. pl. 2, N. 198.
Leaves crowded about the extremities of the branch-
lets, long-petioled, oval, with smooth glands on the pe-
tioles. Spikes axillary, simple. Calyx campanulate,
Drupe oval, downy.
Sans. Vibhituka,
Beng. Buhira.
Arab. Be-ley-luj.
Pers, Be-ley-leh.
Tam, Tandra marum,
Tani. Rheed. Mal. 4. t. 10.
Teling. Toandee.
Myrobalana. Belerica. Geert. sem. 2. 90. t. 97. M. M. &.
It is a native of the mountainous parts of the Circars,
gTowing to be one of the largest trees, with an erect trunk,
and avery large spreading head, ‘Flowering time the
beginning of the hot season. ;
Leaves crowded about the extremities of the branches,
petioled, oval, entire, firm, smooth ; six or seven inches ;
long, and two and a half broad. Pitot round, | from
i
432 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Terminala
two to three inches long, with two opposite glands on the
upper side of the apex, and sometimes near the base.
Spikes axillary; solitary, simple, erect. . Flowers small, of
a dirty grey colour. The male flowers towards the apex of
the spike, the hermaphrodite ones below. Calyx, stamens,
and pistillum as in the genus. Drupe oval, somewhat
pentagonal, the size of a nutmeg, fleshy, covered bid a
grey silky down. Embryo inverse, &c.
The kernels of the fruit are eaten by the natives ise
taste like filberts, but are reckoned intoxicating, when
eaten in any quantity. Hereabouts they do not use any
part of the fruit in medicine, so far as I can learn.
Wood white, rather soft, durable and seldom used.
From wounds in the bark, large quantities of an insipid
gum issues, it much resembles Gum arabic, is perfect
ly soluble in water, burns away in the flame of a candle, —
with little smell, into black gritty ashes.
The flowers have a_ strong offensive smell, not unlike i
those of Sterculia pide fie
4. T. moluccana. Willd. 4. 968.
Leaves alternate, short-petioled, oblong, entire, pail
without glands. Spikes axillary. Flowers rotate. Drupé —
obovate, villous. ough ie
Sans. Kala Drooma. 3
The dry fruit of this tree, of which there are two varie-
ties, a larger and a smaller both growing in this garden
are so very like the real Beleric myrobalans, the pr0-
duce ofmy Terminalia Belerica. Corom. pl. 2. N.198. 45 —
to be sold by the native druggists as such, under the
Hindoo name Bohura, which is their name for that
drug. The trees which produce the above-mentioned :
large, and smaller sorts, are exactly alike in every other —
‘Tespect except in the size of the fruit. They are natives of
the various mountainous countries North Kast of Bet ae
Terminalia. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 433
‘In this garden ‘they blossom in April and May, and
ripen their seed the following March.
Trunk straight. Branches sub-verticelled, horizontal.
Bark pretty smooth, and of a dark brown colour, height
of the whole tree about fifty feet. Leaves alternate, short-
petioled, oblong, obtuse, entire, smooth on both sides,
beautifully reticulated with minute veins, while young
coloured and villous, from two to twelve inches long, and
broad in'proportion. Petioles scarcely one-fourth the length
_ of the leaves, round, smooth, without glands, and this is
the only species of the genus, I have yet met with, that is
so, and in this it differs from T. belerica. Spikes axillary,
solitary, shorter than the leaves. Flowers numerous, of |
a dull yellowish brown colour, and rather offensive smell.
Male towards the apex, and the hermaphrodite below.
- Calyx flat, with the apices of the five divisions revolate,
villous on the outside, and woolly within. Filaments
ten, twice or more longer than the calyx. Germ and
style in the male small, and abortive, in the hermaphro-
dite larger and longer. .Drupe round-obovate, some-
‘what villous, size of a large nutmeg, Nut the shape of the
drupe, slightly five-grooved, from the apex to the base,
- For some time I gave this species the trivial name
eglandulosa ; a specimen so named must have fallen into
Willdenow’s hand to have enabled him to quote me for
that name, See his edition of the species, vol. 4, p. 968. >
5. T. chebula. Willd. 4. 969. :
Leaves sub-opposite, oblong, villous underneath,
glands on the margins and petioles. . Spikes terminal,
ften panicled. _Drupe oval, smooth.
Sans. Haritaka. ‘
T. chebula, Retz. obs.5.31. Corom. pl.2. N. 197. Asiat
Res. 11: p. 181. itso:
Myrabolana chebula. Gert. sem. 2. 91. t. 97. i nit yt
M. Indica and Chebula. Hills. M. M. p. 500. 4.28
Coo
434 | DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Terminalia.
Hur, Harwa, Hindoo names of the chebulic wth?
lans,
Teling. and Tam. Kadukar.
Zengi, or Zunguhar, the black or Indian myo
and for the Asiatic synonyms of the other varieties, see
Dr. Fleming’s paper at page 181, in the L1th. esos.
the Asiatic Researches above quoted, i
- A large tree, a native of the forests of inten
Cape Comorin, to the mountains which bound the plains
of Bengal, Oude, &c. on the north, Flowering time in
Benyal, the hot season. The seed ripens in pao
and December.
Trunk rarely straight, and but short for the size of ihe
tree. Bark in young trees of about seven or eight years
growth, ofa light ash-colour and slightly cracked, theit
trunks are then from two to three feet in circumference,
three feet above ground. Branches many, spreading much
in every direction, their extremities often drooping, 4
while young downy. Leaves opposite, or nearly so, short
petioled, oblong, entire, obtuse, while young very downy
on both niicann but when old underneath only, some
small glands in the margins near the base, and generally
two on the edges of the downy petioles near the ape*
about six inches long and three broad. Stipules none.
Spikes ina terminal panicle, or axillary, and there gene
rally undivided, downy. Flowers numerous, small, dull
white, smell offensive, (as in most, if not all, the othet
species,) all hermaphrodite, Bractes solitary, —,
downy, one-flowered. Calyx bowl-shaped, five-t
very hairy, particularly the inside, and five very bi oe
glands in its bottom, surrounding the base of the :
Filaments ten, alternately a little shorter, twice the oat
of the calyx. “ Anthers small, oval. Germ inferior, °V
hairy, one-celled, containing two ovula attached at the
top of the cell. - _ Style rather shorter than the 5'
Stigma acute. — oval, about an inch and a half ; e
Se Re En a ee
Terminalia, DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 435
long, and about one inch in diameter, smooth, of a pale
greenish yellow, very obscurely five-angled; one-celled.
Pulp in considerable quantity, hard and yellowish. Nut
oblong, thick and very hard, with surface rough, the irre-
gularly and obscurely five-grooved, one-celled, Seed so-
litary, lanceolate. Integument membranaceous. Peris-
perm none. Embryo conform to the seed, inverse. | Co-
tyledons thin, and large, and spirally rolled up round
each other, and the lower part of the cylindrig; superior
radicle,
The tender leaves, while scarce unfolded, are said to be
punctured by an insect, and its eggs deposited therein,
which by the extravasation of the sap, become enlarged
into hollow galls of various shapes and sizes, but rarely
exceeding an inch in diameter. They are powerfully as-
tringent, and make as good ink as oak galls. They also
yield the chintz painters on the Coast of Coromandel,
their best and most durable yellow. They are called by
the Tamuls Kadu-kai, and by the Telingas Aldicai, and
are very like the Faba Bengalensis of our Materia Me-
dica.
6. T. citrina. Roxb.
' Leaves sub-opposite, oblong, with a tapering base,
smooth, acute, having two small glands on the apex of the
petiole. Panicles terminal and axillary. Nut ere winge:
Myrabolanas Citrina. Gert. sem. 2. 91. t. 97.
“A very large, and tall timber tree, a native of the va-
rious extensive forests on the eastern frontier of Bengal
where it is called Hurituki; it blossoms there in April
and May, and the seed ripens in November.
The fruit of this, like that of T. chebula, is an article of
import in Hindoo Materia Medica and generally, I be-
lieve, pass under the same name, so much alike are they, 7
and pesos Hthemost _ employed as gentle sent
Cece 2 ia es
436 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA.- Terminalia.
Trunk straight, and of very great size. Branches
spreading, but not much crowded. Bark rather scabrous
that of the young shoots strongly marked with light co-
loured, elevated specks ; wood much like mahogany,
but finer grained ; a beautiful specimen sent to me by
Mr. Smith of Silhet, was accompanied with the follow-
ing words :—
_ “ This piece of wood is from a tree which I heath it
“ was eighty feet long, one straight body or trunk, and was
“nine feet in circumference, This wood is very hard,no
* insect will touch it.” ia
Leaves sub-opposite, short-petioled, from broad-lance-
olar to oblong, tapering less at the base than at the apex,
entire, rather obtusely acuminate, smooth and glossy 02
both sides, from four to six inches long, and from two to
three broad ; when the plants are young the leaves are vil-
lous. Panicles terminal, and from the exterior axills, com-
posed of many, simple, erect, slightly villous spikes. Flow-
ers numerous, small, of a dull yellow, all hermaphrodite.
Bractes solitary, one-flowered, subulate, smooth. » Caly*
cup-shaped, five-toothed, hairy on the inside, five, very
hairy glands having at the bottom round the base of the
style. Filaments ten, alternately shorter, butall much
longer than the calyx, and inserted into its inside.
Anthers oval. Germ inferior, one-celled containing t°
ovula attached to the top of the cell. Style shorter thaa
the stamina, smooth. “Stigma acute. . Drupe oblong-la0-
ceolar, about two inches long, and two in circumference
where thickest, while fresh obscurely five-cornered: ‘but
more Clearly so when dry, of a dull orange, yellow, and
smooth, Nut oblong, deeply five-grooved, with the five
angles sometimes sharp, sometimes rounded, 0
_ Seed solitary, linear-lanceolar.. Integument single, thi,
of alight brown. Perisperm none. -Embryo inverse. - nell
> -yledons to thin, and broad, ipaalet wireline asin a
superior. wis a 4
Pentaptera, DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 437
7%. T. angustifolia. Willd. 4. 970.
Tender parts hairy. eaves narrow-lanceolate, acu-
minate ; glands on the margin of the base.
Tam. Morgatchee.
_Adarge tree, a native of Tinnivalle and Travancore.
It has now been four years in the Botanic garden at
Calcutta, in which time they have ‘attained to the height
of ten and twelve feet, but have not blossomed. The
young leaves are clothed with much ferruginous hair.
The fruit so much like the chebula myrabolans, as scarce-
ly to be distinguished from it, and they possess the same
sensible qualities.
_» 8. T. gangetica. R.
Tender parts villous. Leaves opposite, and alternate
ovate-oblong, acuminate, base abruptly rounded and has
some glands in the margin.
A tree, a native of the banks of the Ganges, where it
blossoms and ripens its fruit. It is also like the Che-
_bula myrabolans, goes by the same general name, Hur
or Hura, and is used for the same purposes, so that
it is difficult, to say which of the last three species de-
Serves most to have the specific name Chebula attached
to it,
PENTAPTERA. R
Calyx bowl-shaped, five-toothed. Corol none. Germ
- One-celled, ovula from twoto three, pendulous, Nut infe-
tior, woody, five-winged. Seed single. Embryo inverse,
Without perisperm, and the two cotyledons spirally roll-
ed up.
a. R. angustifolia. R. ‘
_. Bark smooth ; branches drooping. Leaves au ber
: site, from lanceolar to linear oblong, smooth, having two
438 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Pentapiera,
sessile glands at the base, on the margins of the short pe-
tiole where it joins the leaf and which are equally con-
spicuous viewed on either surface, Spikes terminal, sub-
panicled, _
A stout timber tree, a native of the Balla-ghaut moun-
tains. Flowering time in the Botanic garden at Calcut-
ta in April and May; ; the seed ripens about the close of
the year.
2. P, Arjuna. R.. :
Bark smooth. Branches horizontal. Leaves sub-op-
posite, linear-oblong, with over unequally cordate base,
smooth, having two sessile glands underneath the base,
and not visible when looking at the upper surface of the
leaf. |
Sang. Urjoona, also Kukooubha.
Hind. Cahua.
Beng. Urjoon.”
A stout quick growing timber tree, a native of various.
parts of India. It flowers in April and May, and the
seed ripens about the close of the year. The margins of
the leaves are often slightly crenulate, and the two
glands underneath the base are only conspicuous on the
under side, whereas in P, angustifolia, which this resem
bles most, they are equally conspicuous in viewing either
surface.
3. P. crenulata. R.
Bark remote. Leaves sub-opposite, oblong, ¢ ‘acute, ore
nulate, smooth, one or two crathitoe glands on the rib,
far above the base.
A large timber tree, a native of Coromandel. It flowers
in Apriland May.
4. P. coriacea. ‘Roxb. - |
_ Leaves sub-opposite, short-petiled, oval, with 3 oF
Pentaptera, §DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 439
date base, hard above, hoary underneath, having one or
two sessile, turbinate glands at or near the base of the
nerve. Spikes panicled, terminal and axillary. Nut
hoary.
Tam. Anemui marum,
A timber tree of considerable size, a native of the moun-
tains of Coromandel. I[t flowers in July. It is nearly
allied to’ Pentaptera tomentosa, (which was formerly
called Terminalia alta tomentosa.) The chief marks of
distinction are to be found in all the tender parts, except
the hard upper surface of the leaves, that being in this
very hoary ; the leaves are shorter, broader, and more
cordate at the base ; the glands sessile, and the nut soft
with hoary pubescence.
Trunk tolerably erect. Bark ash-coloured, and deep-
ly cracked, even in young trees. Branches spreading,
with the extremities often drooping, and downy. Leaves
sub-opposite, short-petioled, oval with a cordate base,
and one side generally extending further down on the
petiole than the other; obtuse or emarginate, entire,
hard, on the upper surface, except while very young
hoary and soft underneath, about five or six inches
long, and four broad. Glands near the base of the rib,
or nerve, either one or two, when two they are on
Opposite sides; turbinate and sessile. Panicles termi-
nal, and from the exterior axills, composed of a few,
Simple, long, cylindric, hoary spikes. Flowers sessile,
all hermaphrodite, crowded, small, of a dull yellow, with
the outside hoary. Bractes solitary, one-flowered, linear,
the length of the germ, hoary. Calyx five or six cleft,
hoary without, and very hairy within, In the bottom,
round the insertion of the style, are five or six glands,
which are so yery completely covered, as to seem a tuft of
hair only. Filaments ten or twelve, much longer than the
calyx, Germ round, one-celled, containing two ovula at-
tached to the top of the cell, immediately under toate 5 ;
my
440. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Pentaptera.
about as long as the stamina. Stigma simple. | Nut
linear-oblong, enlarged with five, very broad, hard, thin,
hoary wings, one-celled, size nearly two inches each
way, wings included for the diameter of the nut itself,
is less than half an inch. Seed solitary, linear-lanceolate,
acute at both ends. Perisperm none. Embryo inverse
straight. Cotyledons two, thin, wrapped spirally round
the superior, sub-cylindric radicle and each other.
Dr. Andrew Berry, of Madras, who is acquainted with
the tree in its native soil, has furnished the following
information:
“It is a native of the inland mountains of Coromandel,
chiefly those of the western parts, The bark is very
thick, and deeply cracked, outwardly of a dark grey co-
lour, inwardly red like dragon’s blood. The trunk
straight and lofty; wood of considerable diameter, so as to
be made into solid wheels for buffalo carts; strong, hard,
and heavy. gate
: 5. P. tomentosa. Roxb.
Bark deeply cracked. Leaves sub-opposite, linear-ob-
long, downy with some turbinated pedicelled glands on
the rib near the base.
* Sans. Usna, Peeata-saluka.
Hind. Aans.
Beng. Peea-sal, or Usan.
' Teling. Nella-madoo.
Found in various parts of India, grows to bea large
timber tree of much utility. Flowering time ‘April ol
= the seed ripens in the cool season.
mada Glabra. R. é |
Bark smooth ; branchlets drooping ; leaves sub-opP®
site, narrow, oblong, smooth with some sub-pedicellet
umbilicate glands towards the base of the rib, er
Teling. Tella-madoo. — ou alk Sad
Pentaptera.. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 441
A timber tree, a native of various.parts of India. It
flowers in May and the seed ripens in the cool season.
7. P. bialata. R.
Arboreous. Branches horizontal. Leaves alternate,
cuneate-oblong, waved, pointed, polished. Spikes axil-
lary, drooping, Drupe two-winged.
Of this very distinct species, there is a large one in the
Botanic garden which blossoms about the beginning of
the rains. It is a native of the mountainous parts of In-
dia, ;
Trunk perfectly straight, even up through the horizon-
tal subverticelled branches to the very top; itis from five
to six feet in circumference four feet above ground. Bark
smooth, of a brownish ash colour ; the height of the whole
tree about fifty feet. _ Leaves alternate, about the ends of
the branchlets, long-petioled, oblong-cuneate, entire, acute,
with waved margins, smooth, polished, of a deep green on
both sides, from four to seven inches long, and from two to
three broad. Petioles about half the length of the leaves,
Very smooth, the lower half being round, and the upper half
flattened on the upper side. Spikes axillary, solitary,
smooth, drooping, about as long as both leaf and petiole,
ers numerous, smali, of a greenish yellow, herma-
Phrodite in the lower half of the spike, and male in the
test. Bractes minute, one-flowered, caducous, Calyx cam-
panulate, five-parted, having the bottom filled with brown
hairs. Filaments ten, alternately a little shorter, the short
Ones do not expand so much as the longer five. Anthers _
two-lobed. Germ beneath, ovate, villous. Style nearly as
long as the stamina. Stigmaacute. Drupe oblong, vil-
lous, tapering equally towards each end, and enlarged
With two broad, membranaceous, waved, villous wings.
Seed lanceolate. Embryo with its two large thin cotyle-
dons, rolled spirally up round each other and the Be
or radicle, ae tea
Daa «i Bat ae
442 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Conocarpus.
8. P. paniculata. R. i
Branches diverging. Leaves sub-opposite, linear-ob-
long, with a cordate base, entire, smooth, but very hard;
there are two sessile umbilicate glands underneath the
base. Panicles terminal. Nuts unequally three-winged. .
Tam. Pe-karakai.
Teling. Neemeeri.
A stout timber tree, a native of the peninsula, and
from thence introduced by Dr. A. Berry into the Botanic
garden at Calcutta, where, in eight years, from the seed
the young trees began to blossom in December, and the
seed ripened in May, they were then about twenty feet
high, and the stems eighteen inches in citcumference at
four feet above the ground. .
CONOCARPUS. Schreb. gen. n. 321.
Flowers aggregate, Receptacle, common, globular, that
of the corollets columnar raising them above the germ.
- Calyx bowl-shaped, five-toothed. Corol none, or five-pe
talled. Stamina five orten. Seeds naked, inferior. —
1. C. latifolia. Roxb.
_ Leaves obovate, sub-retuse. Peduncles ramous ; Gore
lets apetalous, decandrous,
Teling. Sheriman,
This is one of the largest timber trees that is to be
found amongst the chain of mountains, which separate
the Circar from the Mahratta dominions, where it =
native. It flowers during the cold season, J anuary a
February,
‘Trunk erect, straight, varying in length and witenaiale?
the largest are thirty or thirty-five feet to the branches,
and about six in circumference. Bark pretty
of a light ash colour. Branches numerous, bee
forming a large, high, ever green head. Leaves jes
opposite, short-petioled, ovate, generally ema!
¢
Conocarpus. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 443
entire, smooth, from one to four inches long, and from one
and a half to two broad, Peduncles axillary, short, round,
smooth, ramous, each ramification supporting a little glo-
bular head, of small yellow corollets. Calyx, common pe-
rianth scarcely any, a globular common receptacle unites
the corollets, with which it is every where covered. No
proper perianth. Corollets supported upon columnar, par-
tial pedicels, one-petalled, imperforated, five-cleft ; seg-
ments acute, erect, with the bottom woolly. Filaments ten,
twice the length of the corollets, erect, inserted into the
mouth of the tube. Anthers oblong, lower, bifid. Germs in-
ferior, sessile, compressed, ending in the pedicel of the co-
rollet, which is permanent, and looks like a remaining
Stile. Style awled, rather shorter than the stamen. Stigma
acute. Pericarpnone. Seeds single, oblong, perpendi-
cularly surrounded with a rigid, narrow ring. Receptacle
globular, a little scaly.
2. C. acuminata. R.
Leaves oval, pointed. Panicles undivided ; corollets a-
petalous, decandrous.
Teling. Paunchinan.
This second species is also a large timber tree, a na-
tive of the same places. It flowers during the cold season,
Trunk equally high with that of the preceding species,
but seldom or never straight. Bark ash-coloured. Branch-
es very numerous, spreading, with their extremities pen-
dulous like the weeping willow, the whole forming a most
beautiful, large, regular, ever-green top. Leaves nearly
©pposite, short-petioled, oblong, pointed, entire ; when
young downy ; when old smooth, about two inches long,
and one broad. Peduncles axillary, single, simple, un-
divided ; each bearing one small globular head of small
yellow sonolleka 7
These trees are valuable on account of their wand
Particularly the first, Shereman ; its. timber.is | univer
Ddd2
444 DECANDRIA DIGYNIA. Trianthema.
sally esteemed for almost every economical purpose.
‘Towards the centre it is of a chocolate colour, andis —
then exceedingly durable. For house and ship building,
the natives reckon it superior to every other sort, Pen-—
taptera tomentosa, and teak expected.
The wood of Paunchinan is exceedingly like, and fully
-as strong, and as durable, if kept dry, as the former, but
exposed to the water, it soon decays ; of course itis unfit
for the Marine yard, but equally fit for house building
when it can be obtained straight,which i8 seldom the case.
DECANDRIA DIGYNIA.
TRIANTHEMA. Schreb. gen. n. 762.
Calyx two leaved, or none. Corol five-cleft, or five-
petalled, daggered under the top. Capsule inferior, Ci!
cumcised.
_1. T. erystallina, Willd. 2. 635.
Perennial. Stems filiform, prostrate, in fact cespitose,
dotted with crystalline specks. Leaves opposite, broad-
lanceolate. Flowers single, or in pairs in the forks of the
branchlets, pentandrous, monogynous. Seed solitary:
_ Teling. Kooka-pal koora. :
A native of Coromandel. It flowers during the rainy
and cold season. te?
2. T. decandra. Wilid. 2. €36.
_ Prostrate. Leaves elliptic. Peduncles many-owerd
Stamina from eleven to twelve. Styles two. Capsules sao
_ Teling. Tella galgeroo.
Hind. Gada-buni. ye.
Zallia Decandra, Birm. Ind. 110. t. 31. f. 3.
A common weed in gardens in most parts sta :
: ne year.
Saponaria. DECANDRIA DIGYNIA, 445
3. T. obcordata, R.
Stems prostrate. Leaves opposite, mltemintals larger
and obcordate, smaller and oblong. Flowers solitary.
Stamens from fifteen to twenty, Style single. Capsules
_ Many-seeded.
Swet-sabuni the Hindee name of the pale variety, and
Lal-sabuni the reddish.
Teling. Yurra-galjeror, or Bodo-pail-kura.
It delights in old. gardens, rubbish, &c.. It flowers all
the year round. :
Root long, perennial, Stems many, diffuse,: dichoto- ©
mous, round, jointed, coloured, a little downy on the up-
per side, Leaves opposite, petioled, obcordate, smooth,
waved, with a reddish margin, alternately smaller, the
large one being more than an inch each way, and the
smaller one less than an inch long and narrow. Pe-
tioles winged, concaye, uniting and clasping the stem,
forming a cup with two lateral stipulary, or calyx like
processes for the flower. Flowers solitary, sessile in the
divisions of the branches, Calyx no other than the pro-
cesses of the united petioles. Corol as in the genus. Sta-
mens from fifteen or twenty in our Indian plant. Germ
totally superior, turbinate. Style single, shorter than the
stamens. Capsule oblique truncate, circumcised. Seeds
many, reniform, black, rough. Receptacle a line running
along the upper side of the bottom of the capsule.
The leaves and tender stops are eaten by the natives.
SAPONARLIA. Schreb. gen. n. 769.
~ Calyx tubulous, naked, five-toothed, permanent. Corol
of five, long-clawed petals. Capsule superior, one-celled.
Seeds many.
_S. perfoliata. | ee
-s Calgon iitlicads five-keeled. Stem erect, to-forked.
. 446 DECANDRIA TRIGYNIA, Silene.
Leaves perfoliate, three-nerved, sublinear, panicles ter-
minal, dichotomous ; apices of the petals notched.
A native of Bengal, appearing during the cold season.
It has the habit of Gypsophila perfoliata.
DIANTHUS. Schreb. gen. n. 770.
Calyx cylindric, one-leafed ; at the base four scales.
Petals clawed. Capsule superior, cylindric, one-celled. —
1. D. chinensis. Willd. 2. 677.
Flowers solitary. Scales of the calyx subulate, ex-
panded, as long as the tube. Petals crenate. Leaves lan-
ceolate.
A native of China, but succeeds well Sas the ad
season in Bengal.
*
B.D: Cnesidnaiben Willd. 2. 674.
Flowers solitary. Scales of the calyx ovate, acute,
short. Petals crenate, beardless.
Pers. Gool Karunphool.
A native of Persia, and succeeds during the cool s¢4-
son in Bengal.
DECANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
SILENE. Schreb. gen. n. 772.
Calyx one-leafed, ventricose, five-toothed. Petals fives
entire, or bifid, unguiculate, crowned with the nectarium-
Capsule incompletely three-celled. Seeds numerous. Re-
ceptacle columnar. ue
S. indica. R.
' Leaves stem-clasping, lanceolar. Flowers suai
Calyx ventricose, ten-angled, with five short teeth. P i
Hirea. | DECANDRIA TRIGYNIA. 447
tals bifid, with a toothlet on each side near the nectary.
Capsule ovate-oblong, one-celled.
A native of Nepaul. It flowers during the cold season
in the Botanic garden at Calcutta.
ARENARIA. Schreb. gen. n. 774.
_ Calyx five-leaved. Petals five, entire. Capsule one-
celled, many-seeded.
A. flaccida, R.
Annual, flaccid, jointed, smooth, dichotomous. Leavis
in opposite fascicles, filiform, the length of the joints.
Flowers panicled. Calyces rather obtuse. Capsules glo-
bular. Seed reniform, membrane-winged.
This plant greatly resembles spergula arvensis, and pro-
bably may be a variety of that plant ; itis only found dur-
ing the cold season as a weed in gardens about Calcutta,
and may have been accidentally introduced from Europe.
HIRZA. Schreb. gen. n. 781.
Calyx five-leaved. Corol five-petalled. Germ supe-
rior, three-celled ; cells one-seeded ; attachment interior.
Seeds (Samara) three, each with a large membranaceous
wing on each side. Embryo inverse, without perisperm.
1. H. nutans. R.
Shrubby, twisting. Leaves simple, ovate ventricose,
entire, acuminate, Panicles terminal, drooping. Samara
elliptic. .
An extensive, twining, shrubby species, a native of
the interior parts of Bengal. It flowers in August and
September, the seed ripens in November and December,
Stems ligneous, and with their extensive branches, twin- _
ing up and over trees of considerable size. Bark of the old
448 DECANDRIA TRIGYNIA, Hirea.
woody parts dark brown, and pretty smooth ; young
shoots pendulous, round, and clothed with closely appres-
sed hairs. Leaves opposite, petioled from ovate to cor-
date, entire, tapering much toward the acute apex, having
the upper surface glossy, with a few appressed hairs, and
the under paler and more hairy, from four to eight inches
long, and from two to five broad. Petioles round, hairy,
from one totwo incheslong. Stipules minute, subulate, —
pointed. Panicles terminal, and axillary, pendulous,
large, composed of many, opposite, diverging, simple or
compound racemes, and like the other parts clothed
with appressed brown hairs. Bractes lanceolate, conic ;
those of the ramifications solitary, those of the pedicel
tern. Flowers numerous, opposite, small, yellow, ino-
dorous. Calyx five-parted ; segments equal, oblong, ob-
tuse. Petals five, oblong, sessile, expanding ; mamelli-
ferous pores. Filaments ten, shorter than the petals,
base broad and slightly united, inserted into the recep-
tacle round the germ. Anthers oblong, erect. Germ
superior, three-celled, with one ovula in each, attached
to the axis. Styles three, length of the stamina. Stig-
ma headed. Samara three, united, singly linear, and
surrounded with a yery large entire reticulate, scariouS, :
elliptical wing, one-celled, evalvular. Seed solitary, li-
near, attached near the apex to the inside of the cell, In-
teguments single, thin, brown. Perisperm none. Embry?
inverse. Cotyledons two, equal, linear. Radicle ovate,
superior.
2. H. indica. R. .
Shrubby, climbing. Leaves opposite, ovate, entire.
Panicles axillary and terminal. Samara linear.
Teling. Regrak tiga.
A native of the Circar mountains.
3. H. rotundifolia. R. :
a ents Leaves emcees entire, villous
Erythroxylon, DECANDRIA TRIGYNiA. 449
underneath, Panicles axillary, thin, villous. Samara or-
bicular with a small wing on the back.
An extensive perennial, woody rambler, a native of
Chittagong. It flowers in March and April.
ERYTHROXYLON. Schreb. gen. n. 783.
Calyx five-toothed, Corol five-petalled with emargi-
nate scales over the base on theinside. Nectary campa-
nulate divided into ten antheriferous filaments. Germ
superior, three-celled ; attachment superior, Drupe one-
seeded. Embryo inverse, furnished with a perisperm.
1. E, monogyum. R. Corom. pl. 1. p. 61. t. 88.
Leaves subsessile, cuneate, entire. Stipules conic acute.
Flowers axillary, one or two. Style single. Stigmas three.
Drupe oblong.
‘Teling. Adivi gerenta,
2, E. sideroxyloides. Lamark Encycl. 2. f, 390. Willd.
2. f. 748.
A native of Coromandel, Ceylon, &c, It flowers dur-
ing the greater part of the year.
From Ceylon General Macdowall sent it to the Bota-
nic garden at Calcutta, under the name of the Fen tree.
3. E. laurifolium. Willd. 2.749. ;
Arboreous. Leaves short-petioled, oblong, obtuse, lu-
cid. Peduncles axillary, crowded, longer than the flow-
ers. Nectarial scales with truncate, porous nee Sta-
mina monodephous.
Found by Colonel Hardwicke indigenous on the Mau-
Titius in flower in August,
Eee
450 DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. Averrhoa.
DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.
AILANTHUS. Schreb. gen. n. 167.
Polygamous. . Male calyx five-toothed ; corol five-
petalled.
Hermaphrodite calyx and corol as in the male. Germ
from three to five. Capsules (Samara) from three to five,
one-seeded. |
A. excelsa. Willd. 4.974. R. Corom. pl. 1. N. 13.
Leaves abruptly pinnate ; leaflets twelve pair, petiolet-
ted, opposite, broad-falcate-lanceolate, grossly serrate.
An immense tree, a native of the interior of Coroman-
del. It flowers during the cold season. The wood is
white and soft, consequently of little use. a
-AVERRHOA. Schreb. gen. n. 784.
Calyx five-leaved. Corol five-petalled, campanulate.
Germ superior, five-celled cells ; few-seeded ; attachment
interior. Pomum angular, five-celled. Embryo inverse
and furnished with a perisperm. a
1. A. Carambola. Willd, 2.750.
Pomum oblong, acute-angled. Leaflets ovate.
Tamara tonga, Rheed. Mal. 3. t. 43. and 44,
Sans. Karmurunga.
Hind. and Beng. Kamarunga.
Native place uncertain, but common in gardens all
over India, There are two varieties ; one producing 4
sweet, the other a sour fruit, In Bengal both blossom dut-
ing the rainy season, and the fruit ripens during the
months of December and January.
Spondias. DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA, 451
2. A. bilimbi. Willd. 2. 749.
Leaves pinnate, many paired ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate.
Fruit oblong, obtuse-angled.
Bilimbi. Rheed. Mal. 3. t. 45 and 46.
Blinbingun teres. Rumph. Amb. 1. t. 36.
This pretty little tree I have only found in acultivat-
ed state ; where it is indigenous I cannot say. In Bengal
it is uncommon ; and in the Botanic garden flowers in
March and April, and the fruit ripens in about two
months, For the uses of the fruit of these two species I
refer to Rumphius.
SPONDIAS. Schreb. gen. n. 784.
Calyx five-toothed. Corol five-petalled. Germ supe-
rior, five-celled ; cells one-seeded ; attachment superior.
Drupe with a five-celled nut. Seed solitary. Embryo in-
verse, without perisperm.
1. S. mangifera. Willd, 2. 751.
Leaflets four or five-pairs, oblong, mucronate. Pani-
cles diffuse. Nut oblong, nearly smooth on the outside.
Ambalam. Rheed. Mal. 1. t. 50.
- Amrataca. Asiat. Res. 4, p. 284.
Hind. and Beng. Amra. ,
Teling. Amatum,
Ponastia. Juss. Genera. plant. 410.
Spondius amara, Lamark Encycl. 4. p- 245.
Mangifera pinnata. Linn. suppl. plant. p. 56,
This is a large tree, amongst the mountains of Coro-
mandel, but in gardens where it is frequently found culti-
Vated, it is of a smaller size, and low. Flowering time
the beginning of the hot season, when the leaves come
out. The fruit ripens during the cold season, and then its
leaves are deciduous,
Eee2
é
452 DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. Spondias.
Trunk straight, in our gardens from one to two feet in
diameter, Bark smooth, ash-coloured, astringent.
Branches nearly horizontal. Leaves alternate about the
extremities of the branches, pinnate with an odd one,
from twelve to twenty inches long. Leaflets about five
pair, opposite, oval, pointed, entire, smooth, veined ;
from three to six inches long, and two or two anda
half broad. Petioles round, smooth. Stipules none.
Panicles terminal, very large, diffuse, and thin. Flowers
very numerous, small, white, mostly barren, though no
male flower (apparently so) is to be found. Calyx be-
low, small, five-toothed. Petals five, oblong, spreading.
Nectary a large fleshy notched ring surrounding the germ.
Filaments ten, awled, alternately shorter,incurved, scarce-
ly half the length of the petals. Anthers small, Germ
ovate, five-celled, with one ovula in each, attached to the
top of the axis, Styles five, short, erect, distant, Stigmas
simple. Drupe oval, fleshy smooth, the size of a pullet’s
egg, when ripe, yellow. Nut oblong, woody, very hard,
outwardly fibrous, five-celled, but seldom more than one,
two or three of them produce seed. Seed lanceolate.
Embryo inverse, without perisperm.
The wood of this tree is soft, and of little or no use.
From wounds made in the bark, about the beginning of
the hot season, very large quantities of a transparent —
juice issues, which soon hardens into a mild insipid cad
exactly like gum-arabic,
The fruit is eaten raw when ripe, and before ripe at
Pickled, = in Curries, made into tarts, &c. &c.
2. S. dulcis. Willd. 2. 752.
Leaves from six to seven pair, oblong, swiicieoe ter
nicles terminal. Nut round, armed.
S. cytheria. “Lamark. Encycl. 4. 245. Gert. sem. pa 108 :
t. 103. Sonnerat. 2. 222. ¢. 123. ;
A native of the Society Islands, and now common ia ©
Spondias. DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. 453°
the Botanic garden at Calcutta where it grows to bea
large tree-with an extensive, very ramous head. Flow-
ering time in Bengal, March ; the fruit ripens about the
close of the rains.
8.8. acuminata. R.
Leaflets from five to eight pair, subopposite, long, oval,
remotely sp iggad acuminate, polished ; petioles cylin-
dric.
A most elegant, middling-sized tree, with an uncom-
monly dense crown, a native of Malabar. In the Botanic
garden at Calcutta young trees reared from the seed,
were in four years twenty feet high ; the trunk perfectly
Straight; the bark smooth, olive grey; the branches
Spreading in all directions from erecto-patens above, to |
divaricate below.
4. S. longifolia. R.
Bark verrucose. Leaflets opposite and alternate, from
ten to twelve pair, very unequally ovate-oblong, entire,
lucid, obtusely acuminate.
From the Mauritius this very distinct species has been
introduced into the Botanic garden at Calcutta, where
its growth is rapid; it is nearly straight, with a few stout,
patently diverging, almost, simple branches, very rough
with brown tubercles; the leaflets very peeanelns Mivid~»
ed by the nerve. wet
.. S. axillaris. R
Leaflets from six to eight pair, ovate-lanceolate, gash-
Serrate cuspidate. Peduncles axillary, few-flowered.
Nut oval, smooth. !
A small beautiful Melia looking tree, a native of Ne-
pal. In the Botanic garden at Calcutta it flowers in
March, and the seed Lape about the close of ee: rains. :
454 _ DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. Cnestis,.
CNESTIS. Juss.
Calyx five-leaved (five-parted, Juss.) Corol five-petal-
led. Germ five, superior, one-celled, one-seeded ; attach-
ment inferior. Capsules from one to five, one-celled,
one-valved (two-valved, Juss.) Seeds solitary, attached
to the base of the cell. Embryo inverse, without peris-
perm, :
C. monadelpha. R
Shrubby. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets five or seven, sub-
alternate, oblong, obtuse, acuminate, polished. Panicles
axillary, crowded, Filaments united at the base.
Sookurtothee of the Hindus about Silhet, where the
shrub grows. Itis also found on the hills of Chittagong,
and there called Kowatothee ; the natives eat the fresh
aril of the ripe seeds. Flowering time the gape | season ; ,
the seed ripens in October.
Compare with Geriner’s Aegiceras minus.
Leaves alternate, unequally pinnate ; from six to eight
inches long. Leaflets five or seven, sub-alternate, short-
petiolate, from ovate to oblong, entire, firm, polished,
obtusely acuminate, from two to five inches long, 4%
from one to two broad, the. exterior by far the largest.
Stipules ensiform. § Panicles axillary, several toge-
ther; slender, smooth, nearly as long as the leaves.
Pisibe’s numerous, small, sub-campanulate, white
fragrant. Calyx five-leaved ; leaflets broad-ovate, subci-
liate, permanent. Petals five, linear-oblong, margins.
connected for a little way near the base, above that os
campanulate, Filaments ten, alternately long,
toward the base, and there united into a ring” a
the lower half of the: germ. -Anthers oval, incu
-Cotyledon. DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. 455
Germs five, each one-celled, and containing a single ovu-
la, attached to the bottom of the cell. Styles five, scarce-
ly half the length of the stamina, recurvate, Stigmas
simple. Capsule solitary ; the four abortive germs
may be found under its base, now minute, dry and com-
pressed, obliquely ovate-oblong, coriaceous, smooth,
about an inch, or three quarters long, one-celled, one-
valved, one-seeded, opening along the whole of the in-
side, exposing the seed before quite ripe. Seed solitary,
attached to the bottom of the capsule, as in the germ,
ovate, invested in a complete orange-coloured aril. Pe-
risperm none. Embryo conform to the seed, inverse. Coty-
ledons thick fleshy, of a pale green. Radicle patelliform.
ROBERGIA. Schreb. gen. n. 787.
, Calyx five-parted. Petals five. Drupe one-celled, with
two-valved nut, Seed solitary. Embryo inverse, and fur-
nished with a perisperm.
R. hirsuta. R. '
Shrubby, scandent, hairy. Leaves unequally pinnate ;
leaflets from four to eight pair, oblong-cordate, entire.
Panicles terminal and axillary,
A native of Chittagong, where it blossoms in March.
The cortex of the drupe has its inner lamina perforated
With large cells filled with a fragrant, clammy, brownish
balsam,
COTYLEDON. Schreb. gen. n. 788.
- Calyx four or five-cleft. Corol oné-petalled, four or
five cleft, Nectary of four or five awled scales embrac-_
ing the germs. Capsules four or five. Seeds pumerous.
456 DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. Bergia.
1. C.. laciniata. Willd. 2. 758. ;
Perennial. Leaves decompound, pinnatifid, and sim-
ple. Flowers octandrous.
Planta anatis. Rumph. Amb. 5. t. 95,
_ Hemasagara. Asiat. Res, 4. p. 284.
Beng. Hemsagur.
Found in gardens about Calcutta, and in flower dur-
_ing the rainy season.
2. C. rhizophylla. R.
Shrubby, succulent. Leaves fleshy, simple and pit-
nate, crenate, viviparous. Flowers pendulous, octan-
drous.
A native of the Moluccas, in the Botanic garden at
Calcutta ; it blossoms in the cold season. When leaves are
placed in a damp place and shaded, young pian epee
from their crenatures.
_ 3. C. heterophylla, R.
Perennial, succulent, smooth. Leaves joa petiol-
ed; in young plants ternate, when more advanced simple,
ovate-oblong, slightly laciniate, fleshy, smooth. Corymbs
decompound. Flowers octandrous.
A native of M ysore, in the Botanic garden at Calcutta;
- it blossoms during the cool season,
BERGIA. Schreb. gen. n. 791.
Calyx five-parted. Corol five-petalled. Capsule supet-
or, globular, protuberant, five-celled, five-valved, valve
lets petal like, Seeds most numerous.
1. B. verticillata, Willd. 2, 770.
Creeping, annual. Leaves lanceolar, serrate, smooth
Flowers axillary, sessile, numerous, .
Pola-tsjira. Rheed. Mal. 9. t. 78.
- Teling. Neeroo-pavala. oa
Oxalis. DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. _ 457
Hind. and Beng. Lal-khesura.
A native of various parts of India in wet places dur-
ing the rainy season,
2. B. ammanioides, Roxb.
Annual, erect, ramous. Flowers axillary crowded
with stamina, corresponding in number with the parts of
the calyx and corol.
Lechea verticillata. Willd. 1. p. 495.
A native of various parts of India ; it appears and flow-
ets during the rains and cool season,
OXALIS. Schreb. gen. n. 794.
Calyx five-leaved. Corol five-parted, cohering above
the claws. Capsule, superior, tive-celled, five-valved,
_ five-cornered, opening at the angles.
- 1. 0. corniculata. Willd, 2. 800.
Creeping, ramous, villous. Leaves ternate. Peduncles
longer than the leaves, umbelliferous, Flowers monadel-
phous. Filaments alternately shorter and sterile. Cap-
sule subcylindric.
2. O. pusilla. Salisbury in Trans. of Linn. Soe. 2. hits
Sans. Amluionika, Chukrika, —
Beng. Amrool.
Common all over India, delighting in cool, dark, shady.
moist places, where it blossoms most part of the year.
3. O.sensitiva. Willd. 2. 804.
Leaves pinnate. Peduncles umbelliferous.
Hind. Lak chana,
Todda vaddi. Rheed. Mal. 9, t.19. is a pretty good re-
Presentation of a young plant, while Herba sentiens,
Rumph. Amb. 5. t. 104. f. 2. is tolerable for an old one.
Common all over India, and in flower the whole eee
Ai aia
458 DECANDRIA DECAGYNIA. Phytolacca.
. *
CERASTI UM. Schreb. gen. n. 797.
Calyx five-leaved. Petals two-cleft. Capsule one-cell-
ed, gaping at top. :
C. cordifolium. R.
Annual, flaccid, ramous. Leaves opposite, the lower
ones petioled, the superior ones stem-clasping. Peduncles
solitary, one-flowered, hairy.
A native of Bengal, where it appears as a weed in our
gardens and cultivated fields during the cool season.
DECANDRIA DECAGYNIA.
PHYTOLACCA. Schreb. gen. n. 800.
Calyx none. Petals calycine. Berry superior, ten-cell-
ed ten-seeded (or compound,) with a seed in each acinus.
P. acinosa, R.
Herbaceous, erect, ramous. Leaves oblong. Flowers
decandrous. Berries composed of from six - eight
distinct acini,
A native of Nepal. It flowers about the end of the cool
and the beginning of the hot season in the Botanic garden
at Calcutta. The leaves are used by the natives of Na-
pal in their diet.
CLASS XI.
-DODECANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
RHIZOPHORA. Schreb. gen. n. 806.
Calyx from four to many-cleft. Corol from four to
many-petalled. Stamina from eight to many. Germ
inferior, from three to four-celled ; cells from one to two-
seeded ; attachment superior. Pericarp none. Seed so-
litary, subcylindric. Embryo inverse, no perisperm.
1. R. mangle. Willd. 2. 843.
Leaves opposite, oblong, cuspidate. Peduncles three-
flowered. Flowers octandrous. Fruit subulate-clavate.
Pee-candel. Rheed. Mal. 6. t. 34.
. Teling. Upoo-poma.
Mangium calendarium. Rumph. Amb. 3. t. 71.
Bhora of the inhabitants of the Delta of the Ganges,
‘where it grows to be a tree of considerable size.
Leaves opposite, petioled, decussate, oblong, entire,
cuspidate, smooth on both sides, fleshy, veinless, marked
with numerous, blackish minute dots underneath ; from
four to six inches long. Petioles round, about an inch
long. Stipules large, in pairs within the leaves, cadu-
cous, Peduncles axillary, solitary, recurved, .generally
three-flowered, smooth, compressed, bracted at the apex,
where it divides. Pedicles short,thick and ending in a cup-
like bracte, in which the flower sits. Calyx four-leaved.
Leaflets oblong, permanent. Petals four, lanceolate, havy-
ing the inside and margins very woolly. Filaments always
eight, very short. Anthers linear, Germ superior, four-
celled, each containing a single ovula attached to the up-—
per end of the axis. Style thick, Stigma bidentate. Seed
clavate, pendulous, from one to two feet Bees ret
eet | eee
460 DODECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Rhizophora.
smooth, its base inserted, (as in a socket, into a large firm
flask-shaped receptacle, which I take to be the albumen
and vitellus of Gertner, If the seed be erect, the perma-
nent calyx adheres to its globular base.. Perisperm
none. Embryoinverse, Cotyledons undetermined, Plu-
mula of along, sharp, conical shape, two-lobed ; plumula
_within. Radicle conform to the seed, superior, the real -
root proceeds from its apex.
The great length of the seed of this species, gives ina
very short time a young tree ; for if the apex from whence —
the root issues, is only stuck a little way into a wet soil,
or mud, the leaves quickly unfold at the opposite end, as
mentioned by Brown in his History of Jamaica. — ,
The wood of this tree is of a dark reddish colour, hard
and durable.
"2. R. gymnorhiza. Willd. 2. 843.
Leaves opposite, oblong and broad-lanceolar, smooth.
Flowers solitary. Calyx many-cleft. Stamens twenty oF
more. |
Kandel. Rheed. Mal, 6, t.81. and 81. good. Rumphius's
figures are not so good.
Kakra of the inhabitants of the Delta of Ganges,
where, i in such places as the spring tides rise over,it grows —
in abundance to be a tree of considerable magnitude. — ieee
Trunk generally dividing before it reaches the ground, a
like a parcel of hop-poles piled up in form of a cone. :
Leaves opposite, decussate, crowded about the ends of s
the branches, petioled, erect, oblong, pointed, very smooth, z
entire, firm, and somewhat fleshy, almost veinless ; 8° —
- nerally about six inches long. Petioles from one to two a
inches long, channelled. Stipules large, within the leaves, :
caducous, — Peduncles axillary, solitary, one-flowered,
shorter than the petioles, nodding. Calyx about twelve- =
cleft ; divisions tapering, acute, a little incurved, fteshy;
_ smooth, permanent. Petals just as many as the divisions =
of the Ade of nearly the same Jength, and — on”
é
‘Rhizophora. DODECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. | 461
its inside, opposite to the fissures thereof; at the base
they are formed into a tube opening on the inside, and.
there bearded ; apex two-lobed, and ornamented with,
generally, five short filaments. Stamens just twice as
many as there are petals in the corol, two-being found
enclosed within each of them, Filaments half the length
of the petals, unequal, the interior one of the pair being
shorter. Anthers linear, erect, with their apices sharp
and incuryed. Germ inferior, turbinate, three or four-
celled, with two ovula in each. Style the length of the sta-
mens, Stigma slightly three or four pointed. Pericarp
no other than the permanent calyx, in which the plumu-
la, or ascending part of the embryo on the base of the
seed is lodged. Seeds solitary, subcylindric, tapering
equally towards each end, pendulous; the plumula, or
ascending part of the future plant is lodged on the base,*
while from its apex the rostel/um, or root issues.
The wood is of a yellowish colour, hard and durable ;
its chief use is for burning, and for posts with which to
construct the houses of the natives.
8. R. parviflora. R.
Leaves ventricose-oblong. Peduncles axillary, many-
flowered ; calyx eight-cleft. Stamina eight pair, embrac-
ed by the eight petals. Fruit subcylindric.
A small, very ramous, smooth, glossy tree, a antinns of 7
the salt, and brackish creeks, &c. of the Delta of the
Ganges. Flowering time December. Leaves opposite,
Crowded about the ends of the smooth twigs, short-pe-
tioled, from broad-lanceolar to ventricose-oblong, entire,
firm and polished ; from four to five inches long, and from
One to two broad. Stipules large, within the leaves, &c,
asin the Fici. Peduncles axillary, once or twice tricho-
tomous, smooth. Bractessmall. Flowers small, one on :
each division of the peduncles. Calyx eight-cleft ; seg-
ments acute. Petals eight, considerably shorter than the —
462 . DODECANDRIA MONOGYNIA, | Triumfetta,
segments of the calyx, deeply emarginate, and bearded ;
sides incurved, round the two stamina. Filaments sixteén,
unequal, inserted by pairs into the receptacle immediate-
ly within the petals, and closely embraced by their in-
curved sides, Anthers sagittate. Germ inferior, cylin-
dric, furrowed, three-celled, containing in each two ovula
attached to. the top of the axis. Style shorter than the
petals. Stigma three-toothed. beste
TRIUMFETTA. Schreb. gen. n. 819.
Calyx five-leaved. Corol five-petalled. Germ superior,
from three to four-celled ; cells one or two-seeded ; attach-
ment superior. Capsule hispid, three or four-partible.
Embryo inverse, and furnished with a perisperm.
1. T. trilocularis, Roxb.
Shrubby. Leaves three-lobed, serrate, from three to five-
nerved; downy. Racemes terminal ; flowers complete.
Capsule three-celled, bag
A native of India, In the Botanic garden at Calcutta
_it blossoms during the cool season, viz. November, De-
cember, January and February, and the seeds ripe?
from March to June, igh
Stem short, stout and ligneous ; covered with pretty
smooth ash-coloured bark. Branches numerops. Young :
shoots clothed with stellated pubescence. Height of
plants three or four years old, five feet. Leaves alternate, :
petioled, broad-cordate, three-lobed, from three tO fivey ©
nerved, unequally serrate ; both sides clothed with soft
pubescence. Those next the racemes ovate-oblong, front
one to six inches long. Stipules ensiform, Racemes ive
nal, Peduncles verticelled, three-flowered. Bractes Br.
merous, the large solitary one at each verticel may be call- ,.
ed a floral leaf, its lower serrature on each side glandu- :
lar, the rest ensiform. Flowers numerous, small, yellow, ae 4
pedicelled. Calyx, color, and stamina as in the gp
Portulaca. DODECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 463
Nectarium, a slender, crenulate cup round the insertion
ofthe petals. Germ round, echinate, three-celled, with
two seeds in each, attached to the upper end of the axis.
Style simple, length of the petals. Stigma minute, obscure-
ly three-toothed. © Capsule globose, of the size of a pea,
brown, and of a tough coriaceous texture, armed with
numerous, diverging uncinate, backwardly hispid bristles,
marked with three small sutures, which do not open,
(three-celled.) Seeds two in each cell, obliquely ovate, of a
brown colour. Integuments two, the exterior one thin, the
inner one thick and tough. Perisperm conform to the
seed. Embryo straight, inverse,the length of the perisperm,
yellowish. Cotyledons oval. Radicle cylindric, superior.
2. T. Bartramia. Willd. 2, 854.
Annual, erect, ramous. Leaves with the anterior part ©
three-lobed, serrate, hairy. Flowers axillary.
Beng. Bun-okra.
Lappago Amboinica. Rumph. Amb. 6. p. 59. t. 25. a fe
A native of various parts of India.
PORTULACA. Schreb. gen. n. 824.
Calyx two-cleft. Corol four or five-petalled. Capsule
circumcised. *
ae elivaces Willd. 2. 859.
Leaves cunieform. Flowers sessile.
“Hind. and Beng. Loonya or Nooniya shak.
Arab. Khurfa also Tooruk.
2. P. meridiana. Willd. 2. 861.
Annual, creeping, the joints hairy. Leaves oblong,
fleshy. Flowers subsessile, with four floral leaves and a
hairy involucre. Petals four. Stamina from six to eight.
Nela tsjera. Rheed. Mal. 10, t. 31. which Willdenow —
uotes for his Oldenlandia depressa, Are they thesame?
*
4G4 DODECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Talinum:
Teling. Pail-kura. A.
Beng. Nooniya.
Its flowers open at noon, and shut at two. It is com-’
mon in gardens, chiefly as a weed, though much used by
the natives of Coromandel, as a pot-herb.
3. P. guadrifida. Willd. 2. 860.
Creeping ; joints hairy. Leaves oblong, fleshy. Flow-
ers subsessile, with four floral leaves ; petals four; sta-.
mens ten or twelve.
Teling. Pedda pail-kura.
It is much like P. meridiana, but a much rarer plant, and
considerably larger in all its parts, in the form, &e. of its
stems, branches, leaves, hairs that surround the joints,
and the insertion of the leaves and flowers, four terminal
leaves, or bractes, &c. they are nearly alike ; but in this
species there are from ten to twelve stamens, and always:
four stigmas, which are the chief marks by which it is dis-
tinguished from meridiana,
_ The natives do not eat this sort ; they reckon it very
unwholesome, and apt to produce stupefuction:
The flowers expand at or before noon, and continue
open till near sun-set ; this is another circumstance which
marks its being a distinct species, and no variety of P.
meridiana, —
4. P. tuberosa. R. ee pe 4
Root tuberosus and villous, Leaves alternate, lance
olate. Flowers terminal. . .
A native of the Circars. It flowers during the rainy
season,
TALINUM. Juss. ie
Calys two-leaved.. Corol five-petalled. Germ super ne
or, one-celled, many-seeded ; attachment inferior. bana ae
sule three-valved, one-celled. Seeds several. eg a!
Euphorbia. DODECANDRIA TRIGYNIA. AG5
T. cuneifolium, Willd. 2. 864.
Leaves obovate, cuneate, smooth, entire, fleshy. Pa-
nicle terminal, inferior peduncle from two to four-flower-
ed. . ork
Native place uncertain. In the Botanic garden at
Calcutta, it flowers chiefly during the rains, and ripens
abundance of seed in the cool season.
PEMPHIS. Forst.
Calyx tubular, twelve-toothed. Petals six. Germ se-
mitrilocular ; ovula many ona receptacle rising from the
bottom of the cell. Capsule superior, one-celled, many-
Seeded,
_P. angustifolia, R.
Shrubby, hoary. Leaves opposite, sessile, lanceolar.
_ Found by Colonel Hardwicke, growing on the shores
in corol sand between Port Louis and Petit Rivier, on the
Mauritius ; in flower in August. At a distance, he says,
it resembles much a common Myrtle bush.
DODECAN DRIA TRIGYNIA.
EUPHORBIA. Schreb.. gen n. 823.
Calyx one-leafed, gibbous, Corol four or ive petalled, i
sitting on the calyx. Capsule tricoccous. ses
- LE. figularia. R.
Arboreous ; branches five-angled. Flowers stipulary.
Leaves petioled, wedge-shaped. Peduncles from thige
to fifteen-flowered, : B
Ligularia. ris Amb. icdei 40.
Beng. Munsa-sij.
- Thave only found this , plant i in Boogsl, about the
Ggz os
*
466 DODECGANDRIA TRIGYNIA. Euphorbia.
Poot
houses of the natives. Flowering time the months. of
‘February and March; when perfectly destitute of otaaas ‘
ripe seed not seen, ;
Root branchy. . Trunk when twenty years old, coma
and scabrous, often a foot in diameter, the whole height of
the largest trees seldom more than twenty feet. Branches
scattered, ascending, having the young shoots constant-
ly five-sided, angled, somewhat spirally disposed and
armed with elevations like the teeth of the largest saw 5
each of these supports a leaf, and a pair of short, sharp,
black, hard, stipulary thorns. Like the other species
every part abounds with acrid milky juice, which is em-
ployed toremove warts, cure cutaneous eruptions, &c.
Leaves alternate, about the summits of the branches,
short-petioled, inserted singly on the elevations, or set
ratures of the angles of the branches, wedge-shaped, e-
tire, waved, fleshy, smooth on both sides, almost vein-
less from six to twelve inches long, and two or three
broad, deciduous at the beginning of the cool season,
and appearing again after the flowers decay, in March
or April. Peduncles solitary in the sinuses between the
serratures of the angles of the branchlets, short, once,
twice, or thrice dichotomous, with a sessile flower in the
forks, that is, bearing three, seven, or fifteen flowers.
The sessile flower which is the largest, is often el-
tirely male, the lateral, or terminal peduncled ones
have always been found to contain one pistil ; and
male florets. Flowers middling sized, greenish yellow.
Bractes reniform, opposite, embracing the base of the
pedicels on the outside, withering. Calyx* five pith
7) Zhe calyx and corol, as hinted. by that excelent Botan
Jussieu, in his Genera Plantarum, page 424, may be re
a common perianth, “da Sasliers to asany janine
a dds Henly bowen Pam or A eect:
ee)
— DODECANDRIA TRIGYNIA. 467
led. Petals round-cordate, fringed with a finely ragged.
margin inserted into the calyx, just under its fissures. Sta-
mina collected into five fascicles; male florets of about
five each, which expand in succession, and are sur-
rounded with an uncertain number of finely divided. pe-
tals, or scales. Anthers four-lobed, Germ. pedicelled,
somewhat two-lobed, three-celled, with one seed in each,
attached to the top of the axis. Style short. Stigma
three-cleft. .
This plant is sacred to Munsa, the goddess of ser-
pents. The root of the tree mixed up with black pepper,
is employed for the cure of their bites; both internally
and externally. In the months of July and August, on
Tuesdays and Saturdays, the natives approach the tree
with offerings, and pray to Munsa to be preserved from
the bite of snakes. I suspect this and Euphorbia nerei-
folia, have hitherto been considered as one species,
both being quoted for the last by Linnzeus, Burman, &c.
I have for these fourteen years had both growing in this
garden, so that I do not hesitate to pronounce them to-
tally distinct, and clearly marked.
2. E. nereifolia. Willd. 2. 984.
Arboreous. Branches round. Thorns stipulary. Leaves
subsessile, wedge-shaped. Peduncles thiee-flowered.
-Ela-calli. Rheed. Mal. 2. t. 43.
Tithimalus — Pluck. 2. t.'330. pc sa
Bsissendaan bb tilda seu witht eseiadia.
gular, orcornered, and armed with stipulary spines, namely, E. anti-
quorum ; and three other East Indian triangular species, one round
E. nereifolia, five and one-angled ligularia of Rumphius; and ve-
Ty lately from Pegu, a small, shrubby, tuberous-rooted unarmed
Species, with similar flowers, has come to my knowledge ; 4 drawing
ae emer Sheenet prunes this under the name E. sessi-
flora, » aliases 2 a jzoda to tied
whe eat wo: “Gg? %
468 DODECANDRIA TRIGYNIA, Euphorbia.
Beng. Sij.
It grows to be a small, poor looking tree, dslightingtee
an almost dry, barren soil. Flowering time the hot season.
3. E. antiquorum. Willd. 2. 881.
Shrubby, leafless, | Branches spreading, irianaid
armed with double spines at the protuberances of the an-
gles. Peduneles solitary or in pairs ; three-flowered.
Sanscrit, Seehoondee.
Beng. Nara-shij.
Teling. Buma chumadoo,
Schadida calli. Rheed. Mal, 2... 42, 4
. Very common on barren uncultivated lands allo over
India. In Bengal it blossoms during the cold season.
A, E. arborescens. R. - 5 SES
Arboreous, leafless. Branches numerous, ascending,
triangular, armed, as in antiqguorum,
Native place uncertain, but I believe, Bengal. a the
Botanic garden at Calcutta it grows to be a pretty large
tree, with a round distinct trunk, and numerous branches
forming a large, dense, subglobular head.
—5b.E. lactea. R,
Shrubby, ereet. postin erect, appressed, wianglas
armed, leafless.
A native of the Moluccas, differing: ne ‘antiquorin
in being more slender, in having the centre of the three
Sides milky, coloured; and particularly in.the erect 4P-
pressed habit of the numerous. branches. It has bee
be psa Yeas. in the. Botanic garden at pens: but bas
TRS 45 Be: bet ee ti ves . ae Sh i 169% wie tah i
GR trigona. R. i Se eer oe
Shrabby, three-sided ; egies acenay’ ‘repand w
pair of short spines, ned. a sues sessile obovate _ cite
Euphorbia. DODECANDRIA TRIGYNIA, 469
leaf from the apex of each tubercle, Peduncles thrée-'
flowered. This pretty species of Euphorbia was brought
from the Molucca Islands to the Botanic garden at Cal-
cutta in 1798, where it thrives well, and blossoms in Fe-
bruary, March, and April.
Stem erect, three-sided, with a few scattered, ascending,
smooth, deep green, succulent branches ; these are all
three-sided, with the angles considerably extended into
large, scollop-toothed tubercles; the extretnity of each
is armed with two short, sharp spines, and like the rest
of the family every part abounds with much aerid, milky
juice ; the general height of the plants, when ten years old,
six or seven feet. Leaves solitary, one between each
pair of spines at the end of the tubercles, sessile, wedge-
shaped, entire, smooth on both sides, having the upper
side of a deep green, and being much paler underneath,
from one to two inches long, and less than half that in
breadth. Stipules, on the upper side of the base of each
Spine, is a small, somewhat acute, hard, brown gland,
not unlike the spines themselves, but much smaller, Pe-
duncles from the sinuses on the angles of the branches,
short, thick, generally three-flowered, the main one ses-
sile, containing five fascicles of staminary male florets
Only ; the lateral pedicelled flowers, contain one female
and five male florets, Calyx in both five-parted ; segments
two-edged, entering the calyx below its fissures, roundish,
jagged, incurvate over the male and hermaphrodite flow-
ers, there are five segments of the male florets those are
in fascicles of about six each, lengthening and expand-
ing in succession, these are also surrounded by several
multifid. scales, or petals.© Aathzrs of two round lobes-
Germ superior, short-pedicelled, ovate, three-sided, three-
Celled, with one seed in each, attached to the top of the
axis, Style short, half three-cleft. ee came
Sones “a meee not found. shgarts : ‘]
PP eI re rig ; Wes) GaRs EPIRA ES
*
470 DODECANDRIA TRIGYNIA. Euphorbia..
7. E. Tirucalli, Willd. 2. 890.
Arboreous, unarmed branchlets, cylindric, susculedls
polished, from alternate to crowded. Leaves linear, ses-'
sile. Flowers terminal, and in the forks of the branch- —
lets. gn
Tirucalli. Rheed. Mal. 2. t. 44.
Ossifraga-lactea. Rumph. Amb. 7. t. 29.
Beng. Lunka sij.
Tam. Tirw calli.
A native of various parts of India ; when well advanc- |
ed in age and size it flowers during the rains. About
Madras it is very generally employed for fences, and rages
called Milk hedge. oF
Trunk of old trees as thick as a man’s thigh or more.
Bark dark olive-coloured and cracked. Wood white, pret-
ty close grained, and of a middling hardness, Branches
very numerous ; young shoots from alternate to crowd:
ed into the form of an umbel, proliferous, succulent,
smooth, polished, green points abrupt. Every parta-
bounding in an acrid milky juice. General height of what
may be called large trees, twenty feet. Leaves alternate,
remote, and at the end of the twigs chiefly sessile, lineat;
smooth, small and fleshy. Flowers at the end of the twigs
and in the divisions of the branchlets, crowded, subses-
sile, chiefly female, or abortive hermaphrodite, small,
pale yellow. Calyx campanulate ; mouth enlarged by
three or four, or more generally five, flat, roundish, smooth, —
peltate, horizontal segments, on the inside of the bell,
woolly. Corol, I could find no other than the peltate s€8°_
ments of the calyx. Stamina very uncertain, more fre-!
ber not found, when present very few, involved in ;
Anthers two-lobed. Germ pedicelied, woolly,
Mee with one seed in each attached to thetoP
of the axis. Style recurved. Stigmas bifid, with enlarged
glandular heads. Capsule the size of a large pea, villous;
hard, dark brown, three-lobed, three-celled, six-valved:
on
*
Euphorbia. DODECANDRIA TRIGYNIA. 471
Seed solitary, ovate. Integuments two, the inner one a
white membrane adhering to the exterior one. Perisperm
and embryo as in the other Euphorbia.
8. E. dichotoma. R.
- Somewhat shrubby, hairy. Leaves opposite, oval, ser-
rate, three-nerved, hairy. Flowers in terminal and axil-
lary heads, imbricated with hairy scariose bractes. Corol
of four large obcordate, membranaceous petals.
Found by Dr, Hunter at Oojjein; it blossoms in Octo-
9. E. cuneifolia. R.
Shrubby, particularly near the root, erect. Leaves al-
ternate, sessile, cuneiform, entire, smooth. Umbel trifid
then bifid. Involucres sgt. involucels cordate. Cap-
sules smooth. -
Found by Colonel Hardwicke in the northern parts of
Hindoostan ; in flower in March.
10, E. sessiliflora. R.
Root tuberous. Stém simple, round, smooth. Leaves
alternate, postin, oblong, obtuse. Flowers Scoot ses-
Sile,
This pretty little species was brought from Pegue by
the Rey. Mr. Felix Carey to this garden, where it blos-_
Soms freely during the month of February, at which time —
itis perfectly destitute of leaves; like the rest it is abund-
antly lactescent.
| Root an irregularly shaped single tuber, about the size of
4 potatoe, in our small plants, Stem erect, simple, round,
Smooth, about a foot high. Leaves sessile, alternate,
oblong, obtuse, smooth, entire, nearly veinless ; about
three inches long and about half as much broad, deuidix :
Us in the cold season, and appearing — the rains .
set in, when erie done flowering, — Stipz 2
/*-
472 DODECANDRIA TRIGYNIA, Euphorbia.
minute glandular point on each side of the insertion of
leaves. Flowers axillary, sessile, solitary, or paired with
the rudiments of one or two more pressing on opposite
sides of the fleshy base of the common calyx, and covered
by an angular bracte. Calyx common, its mouth divided
into five equal semilunar coloured segments, Petals five,
red, equal, with the apex incurved and deeply cut into
filiform segments, Stamina in five fascicles of five each.
Germ oval, Style scarcely any. Stigma trifid.
11. E. acaulis. R. a8
Root tuberous, perennial, stemless, unarmed. Leaves
radical, fleshy, sessile, cuneiform, smooth, with curled
margins, crenulate, and callous, with a circular apex-
Peduncles from the crown of the (now leafless) tuber,
three, five, or seven-flowered.
A native of Bengal. From Poornea Mr. B. Smith
sent me a plant to the Botanic garden at Calcutta, where
it flowers in March, its leafless period, but has not yet
produced ripe seeds. The leaves spread much and are
deciduous about the end of the rains, and appear after the
flowers have perished, in Apriland May. As in our East
Indian armed Euphorbias, the flowers are compound,
atis several male corollets surround the pistillum. Tas
12. E. hirta. Willd. 2. 897.
Annual, hairy, oblique, with the apices recurved. Leaves
opposite, obliquely oblong, serrulate, Gegheles axilla)
peduncled, globular. ico
Beng. Bura keru. 2300
_Tithymalus botryoides. Burm. zeyl. 223. t. 104.
A common weed every where, and in n flower and
whole year. ) ta
13. E. sit ge Willd. 2, 898. z : :
_ Annual, smooth, dichotomous, oblique. Leaves opp
*
Euphorbia, § DODECANDRIA TRIGYNIAs 473
site, obliquely-oblong, serrulate, smooth. Flowers inter-
foliaceous, many on acommon peduncle, one ona proper
peduncle of the same length. Calyx and corol unilate-
ral, and each of four parts.
A native of various parts of India, and in flower near-
ly all the year,
14, E. glauca. Willd. 2. 916.
Erect, smooth. Leaves lanceolate, entire. Umbel quin-
quifid-trifid. Involucres linear-oblong, involucells ovate-
cordate. Inside of the calyx woolly. —
A native of Hindoostan.
15. E. thymifolia. Willd, 2. 898.
Branches pressing flat on the earth, coloured, hairy.
Leaves opposite, obliquely ovate, serrate. Flowers axil-
lary, crowded, short-peduncled. Calyx and corol of four
semilateral parts each. .
Beng. Swet-kerua.
A native of gravelly spots, and in flower most part of
the year.
16, E. uniflora. R.
Annual, dichotomous, diffuse, filiform, smooth. Leaves
Somewhat linear, with the base obliquely cordate, and
Serrulate toward the apex. Flowers solitary. Petals with
a large gland on the inside. Capsules smooth.
Common on dry barren spots, such as neglected gravel ;
walks, &c, flowering all the year.
hee’ E. ST neemath Willd. 2. 999. |
Root perennial. ‘Branches spreading flat on n the mek
smooth, and sub-dichotomous. Leaves opposite, obliquely-
Oblong, serrulate, Flowers axillary, ia cle
Beng. Chota-kerua,
Hhbh
474 DODECANDRIA TRIGYNIA. Euphorbia.
A native of Coromandel and Niateend on <i gra-
vel = &e. ;
18. E. dracumculoides. Willd. 2. 905.
Annual, erect, unarmed, ramous above the base. Um-
bel three or four-fid, dichotomous. Involucres and invo-
lucells linear, sessile, diverging, entire and smooth. Pe
tals two-horned.
Beng. Chagul-putputé.
A native, of Coromandel and Bengal. _It flowers dut-
ing the cold season. Differs from exigua, in being ramous
up to the umbel ; in having the leaves, involucres, and in-
volucells; linear and spreading horizontally ; and in the
filaments being nearly cylindric.
19, E, peltata, R.
Annual, erect. Leaves and involucres oyate- Lanne
late ; involucells from oblong to cordate, serrulate. — Pe-
tals peltate. Capsule round and smooth.
A native of the interior parts of the Coast of Coroman-
ay seeds brought from thence to the Company’s Bota-
nic garden at Calcutta, grew and have continued sowing
themselves, and producing plants every cold season with-
out care,
Stem annual, erect, ramous, round, smooth ; the height of
the whole plant a foot. Branches curved upwards. Leaves
alternate, sessile, wedge-shaped, and lanceolate, finely § sel-
rate, very smooth, Umbels terminal, in six rays ; the par-
_ tial ones from four to two-cleft. Involucres like the leaves,
only a little broader, Involucells from oblong to cordate,
the nearer the apex the broader, all are smooth, and ogg
ly serrate. Flowers solitary, sessile, small, of a
yellow. Petals peltate. Capsules round, scarcely any an
gle to be seen, smooth in every het ety
|
CLASS XII.
ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
CACTUS. Schreb. gen. n. 838.
Calyx one-leaved, imbricated. Corol many petalled.
Prom inferior, one-celled, re nat:
1. C. indicus. R. ;
Joints proliferous, oblong, much compressed, thorns
generally simple, long and straight, issuing from tufts of
sharp bristles. Corol yellow, twice as haion 3 as the sta-
mens ; exterior petal obcordate. :
Tam. Naga-kalee.
Beng. Nag-phunee.
This plant is found here and there on road sides, in
forests, and among bushes in the vicinity of Calcutta,
and I am informed that itis equally common, not only
over the whole of the province, but also on most of the
adjoining districts; so that, independent of its proper
Bengalee name, and medicinal uses, there is every rea-
son to imagine it is a native of these countries. Nor can
I well reconcile it to any of the opuntias hitherto describ-
ed; as will appear more evidently after reading the follow-
ing description. It is in flower during the hot season,
_— more or less the whole year round.
_ Root fibrous. Trunk, Lhave not yet seen any plant
With any ‘thing like one, (though Iam informed it grows to
be a perfect tree,) here it is a ramous bush, with toler-
ably erect joints ; these are proliferous, of an obovate-
ere | ete and auch compressed, wer while ape :
ae hee
476 ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Fabricia.
smooth, except in the axills of the leaves;* length and
breadth various, according to soil and situation. Leaves
scattered over the joints, small, sessile, subconical, fleshy,
caducous. Thorns axillary, generally single, though
sometimes in pairs, straight, from half an inch to two
inches long, very strong, whitish, except the point, which
is darker coloured, and very sharp; their insertions are
surrounded with innumerable, slender, sharp, short bris-
tles, which readily penetrate the skin, and give much
trouble to the unwary handler. Flowers from the upp2t
edges of the joints ; sessile, large, of a bright beautiful yel-
low colour, opening only in the day. Calyx one-leafed,
consisting of a leathery cup which fills exactly the umbili-
cus of the germ, deciduous with the corol, stamens and
stylein one body. Petals many, the exterior ones small-
er, and obcordate ; the interior ones oblong with somewhat
ragged margins. Stamens not half the length of the petal
Pistillum, &c. as in the genus.
Upon this plant the Cochineal insects lately brought
- from America, thrive and multiply abundantly,
AE oh chinensis. R,
_ Subarboreous, joints compressed, proliferous, sublan-
ceolar, almost unarmed. Petals retuse, truncate, long-
er than the stamina.
A native of China ; from ‘thence it was introduced i into
the Botanic garden at Calcutta about twenty years ago,
_ during all that time it has blossomed only once.
FABRICIA.
Calyx five-cleft. Petals five, sessile. Stigma capitate
Capsule many-celled ; seeds winged.
thet as bracteata. R. ;
Leaves « opposite, oblong, the floral ones minute andl
te I call the little caducous conical bodies over the joints leaves
.
Metrosideros. ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 477
ceolate. Flowers solitary, with two bractes below the ca-
| iy.
A native of the Moluccas. It has the habit of a Myr-
tus, but from the capsule which is fromeight to ten-celled,
I conclude it is not of that family. The stamina are very
numerous, the length of the oval petal. The stigma is
trancate, not capitate. The floral leaves are so small, and
the flowers so numerous toward the end of the branchlets,
as to appear like a panicle,
METROSIDEROS. Schreb. gen. n. 791. ©
Calyx four or five-cleft, semisupera. Petals four or
five. Stamina very long, standing out. Stigma simple.
Capsule three or four-celled. —
1. M. vera. R.
Leaves opposite, short-petioled, oblong, polished. Co-
rymbs axillary, brachiate, shorter than the leaves. Ca-
lyx four-toothed.
Metrosideros vera. Rumph. Amb. 3. t. 7.
Rumphius describes it to be a tree of great size, growing
in the forests of Amboyna, and the other Molucca Islands-
It was introduced from the former place into the Botanic
garden at Calcutta in 1801, andin July 1804, the larg-
est plants blossomed for the first time, when only aboat
seven feet high. It has a slender trunk, smooth bark, and
few branches. No part of the tree, so far as I have yet
observed, possesses any kind of fragrance.
Leaves opposite, short-petioled, oblong, firm, smooth,
‘polished, perfectly entire, rather acute, with small and
parallel veins, about six inches long, and from two
to three ‘broad. Corymbs axillary, solitary, shorter
than the leaves, brachiate, bearing a few pretty large,
Pale greenish white inodorous flowers ; pedicels flat-
tened ~ Bractes ‘oblong, or lanceolate, smooth, acute.
478 ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Metrosideros,
Calyx saucer-shaped, four, rarely five-toothed. Petals -
four, seldom five, sessile, round, expanding. Filaments
from twenty to twenty-five, much longer than the petals
of the same greenish yellow colour, and inserted with
them intoa rim round the inside of the calyx, at some
distance from the four-lobed germ. Anthers ovate. Germ
half above the bottom of the calyx; this part is evidently
four-lobed,and a section thereof ex poses fourdistinct cells,
with numerous ovula in each, inserted on a projecting re-
ceptacle, which is longitudinally attached to the axis,
Style rather longer than the stamens. Stigma simple,
rather acute, witha perforation at the very point, Cap-
sule nearly globular, the size of a pea, two-thirds above the
calyx, four-celled, four-valved, Seeds numerous, angus
lar. | 4
2. M. comosa. R.
_ Leaves alternate, sessile, narrow-lanceolate, attenuat-
ed to both ends, mucronate, smooth, rigid, with the mat-
gins entire and thickened. Flowers lateral, crowded into
a cylindrical trifid spike. Calycine segments semicireu-
lar and smooth, as are also the round subsessile petals
re concave. v6
_ A native of the Moluccas,
3. M. suberosa. R. z
Bark of even the young shoots cracked and Bie .
Leaves opposite, sessile, lanceolate, smooth. Lebel
‘lateral.
_ A native of the Sfobehode: is
- Branéhlets. covered with deeply cracked ‘corky bark.
Leaves opposite, subsessile, broad-lanceolate, entire, tay
per, obtuse-pointed, firm and polished on. both sides, {10
__Six to seven inches long and two broad. Umbellets from
the old axills below the leaves, sessile. Pedicels cla-
vate, smooth, one-flowered, which with the seen
s
Metrosideros. ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 479
lyx form a perfect imitation of a speaking trumpet. Calyx
narrow-campanulate, obscurely four or five-toothed. Pe-
tals four or five, round, small, sessile. Filaments numer-
ous, much larger than the petals. Germ three-celled. I
have not found the ripe nor even full grown seed vessel.
Style rather shorter than the filaments, Stigma acute.
| 4. M. linearis. Smith. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 3. p. 271.
Shrubby. Leaves scattered, linear, channelled, acute,
rigid. Flowers crowded round the branchlets, a little be-
low their trifid apices, some of them axillary.
This beautiful plant was reared-in the Botanic garden
at Calcutta, from seed sent by Colonel Patterson from
New South Wales in 1800. In seven years the plants
were six or eight feet high, stout and rigid. Flower-
ing time in Bengal, April and May; the seeds require
above a year to ripen.
Stem nearly erect, about as thick as a man’s wrist.
Bark dark-coloured, and rather scabrous. Branches few,
scattered, stiff and straight; the ligneous parts ash-co-
loured, the tender ones downy. Leaves scattered, sessile,
_linear, rigid, channelled, from two fo three inches long,
and an eighth of an inch inbreadth. Flowers crowded
round the branchlets below the leaves of thé same year,
sessile, some of them are axillary, and in that case solitary.
Calyx urceolate ; margin five-cleft ; segments reniform,
deciduous. Petals five, greenish, nearly round, villous.
Filaments inserted on a rim, (within the petals) round the
mouth of the calyx, many times longer than the petals, of
a bright crimson, and from their number, size, and length,
giving that colour to the whole flower, though the petals
and calyx aregreen. Germ more than semisupera, being
attached to thebottom of the calyx only, round, hairy, ge«
nerally three-celled, though I have found some with four, ©
each containing numerous, very minute seeds attached to
Wiese ai receptacle in the inner angle of the cell,
480 ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Psidium.
which is attached to the axis. Style as long as the stami-
na, Stigma simple. Capsule crowded round the branch-
let, seminifera, inserted in the globular, firm, thick calyx,
round, of the size of a grain of black pepper, hairy, parti-
cularly the vertex, thin, three-celled, three-valved. Recep-
tacles asin the germ. Seeds numerous, filiform, brown.
Geertner’s figure of Metrosideros armillaris, vol.'1. 6.
34, f.5. is so exactly like this, that it may well serve to
be quoted for it.
PSIDIUM. Schreb. gen. n. 841.
Calyx five-cleft. Corol five-petioled. Germ inferior,
four-celled. Berry one-celled, many-seeded.
1. P. pyriferum. Willd. 2, 957.
Fruit turbinate.
Eng. White Guava; however the colour of the ine,
of the fruit varies much. f
~ Pela. Rheed. Mal. 3. t. 34.
Hind, Soopari-am, pronounced Sufriam.
- Beng. Peyara,
2. Pz Doacerad: Willd, 2. 958.
Fruit spherical.
Eng. Red Guava, but like the other, the colenny of the
inside varies much. sas
_ Malacka-pela. Rheed. Mal. 3. ¢. 35.
Hind. Lal-sufriam.
These two kinds of Guava are very generally clvatel
in the warmer parts of America. 2
CARALLIA. R. 2
Calyx six or seven cleft. Corol six or pee oe
‘unguiculate. Stigma plate-lobate. Germ inferior, =
.
Carallia. ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 481.
celled, one-seeded, attachment superior, Berry one or
two-seeded. ha
1. C. lucida, R. Ind. pl. 3. n. 211.
-Léaves opposite, oblong, serrulate. Peduncles many-
flowered. ;
Teling. Karalli.
‘This is a small handsome tree, a native of the lower
region of the Circar mountains, and of Chittagong. i i
ering time March. Leaves not deciduous. ;
Leaves opposite, short petioled, oval-pointed, delicate-
ly serrate, smooth and shining on both sides ; four or
‘five inches long and from two to two and a half broad.
Stipules interfoliaceous, pointed. Umbellets axillary,
small, rigid, few-flowered, generally three-cleft. Calyx
above, six or seven parted ; divisions acute, erect, perma-
nent. Corol six or seven-petalled, orbicular, scolloped,
waved, inserted into the divisions of the calyx by short
claws. Filaments twelve or fourteen, of the length of the
corol, inserted into the calyx. Anthers oblong, erect.
Germ inferior, globular, one-celled, containing one, two,
or three seeds, attached to the top of the cell. Style the
length of the filaments. Stigma three-lobed. Berry glo-
bular, smooth, pulpy, of the size of a large pea, cneroe
ed, Seed one, rarely two, uniform, j
2. C. lanceeefolia. R,
Leaves \anceolar, acutely-serrulate, waved, hiniay.
Peduncles many-flowered.
Engeet-darray is the Malay name on the West coast of
Sumatra, where the tree is indigenous ; from thence it was
introduced into the Botanic garden at Calcutta, wherein |
ten years it has attained the height of twenty-five feet,
with a yery straight trunk as in the firs ; decorated with nu-
mérous, expanding, opposite Reockss and beam. a
Lii
482 ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Eugenia.
Bark of the old ligneous parts, smooth and brown, of the
tender shoots smooth and green.
It is a very perfect ever green, and the foliage uncom-
monly dark.
Leaves opposite, short-petioled, lanceolar, chorus ser-
rulate at the margin, having the upper surface of a cleat,
shining deep green, and the under one paler, with ‘the a-
pex rather obtuse, from three to six inches long, and from
one to two broad. Stipules large, linear, sheathing, cadu-
cous. Peduncles axillary, or where the last year’s leaves
grew, opposite, rigid, thick and short, generally twice bifid
with about three or four sessile, small greenish white flow-
ers on the apex of each division. Bractes small, suban-
nular. Calyx superior, from six to seven-toothed; segments
triangular.and acute. Petals six or seven, inserted by
short claws into the calyx immediately under its fissures,
sub-reniform, with the margins much curled, and laterally
incurved,embracing the middle part of the largertilaments-
Filaments from twelve to fourteen, inserted into the calyx,
alternately shorter, and incurved. Anthers incumbent.
Germ sub-inferior, with a large turbinate crown rising in
the centre like the true germ itself, as if the calyx wet?
inferior, this crown is embraced by a yellow crenate riDg,
which may be called a nectary ; the germ is five-
with two ovula in each cell attached to the middle of the
axis. Style nearly as long as thecorol. Stigma edi
fiye-lobed.
EUGENTIA. Schreb. gen. n. 842.
~ Calyx entire, or four-parted. Corol four-petalled.
Germ inferior, two-celled; cells many-seeded ; attachment
interior. “ Berry one or more seeded, Embryo wil
perisperm, — ne 3
a fi
Se eee
Eugenia. ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 483
1. E. malaccensis. Willd. 2. 959. =a
Trunk straight. Leaves from oblong to lanceolar, Flow-
ers in sessile, lateral fascicles. Berries turbinate. __
Jambosa domestica, Rumph. Amb. 1. t. 37.
Nati-schambu. Rheed, Mal. 1. t. 18.
Beng. Malacca Jamrool.
A native of the Malay Islands, &c. In Bengal it blos-
soms and bears fruit at different periods of the year.
There is a variety with dark blood red fruit, which is
probably Rumphius’s Jambosa nigra, 1. p. 125. t. 38. f.1.
The fruit is large, juicy and beautiful. and very gene-
sate eaten, though rather ietipltrg von: audde dia
2. E. purpurea. R.. -
Trunk straight. Leaves canal. Flowers in lateral.
sessile fascicles as in the last. Berries oval.
_ It differs from E, Malaccensis in the shape of the fruit
only, a native of the Malay Islands, flowering in the hot
season ; the fruit is as large as that of the former species ;
the colour a very dark purple.
3. E. amplexicaulis. R.
Leaves stem-clasping, oblong, obtuse ; peduncles late-
ral, three or nine-flowered. Berries spherical. bier
A stately tree, a native of Chittagong, a country still 7
abounding in numerous undetermined new species. of
this noble genus. In the Botanic garden at Calcutta >
it is in flower and fruit at different periods through the
year,
Trunk tolerably sthatehi quickly dividing into numer-
ous spreading branches, forming a large extensive, dense
head. Bark of the old woody parts brown, but pretty
smooth; that of the young shoots polished, ofacleargreen.
Leaves opposite, stem-clasping, oblong, entire’). with a,
Tounded apex, firm and glossy, from six to eight, oie hes
eid 3 ; dangnh
484 ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Eugenia.
long, and from three to four broad. | Peduncles lateral,
short, three-flowered, trifid ; each division three-flowered.
Flowers large, white, inodorous. Calyx four-parted;
the opposite segments unequal. Petals four, nearly
round. Stamina numerous, &c. as in the genus. Germ
turbinate, two-celled, with several ovula attached to the
thickened middle of the partition. Style about as long as
the stamina. Stigmaacute. Berry round, the size ofa’
_ small apple, greenish yellow when ripe. Pulp of a soft,
rather spongy texture, and sweet insipid taste, rarely
more than one-celled, containing one or two large,
oval, more or less compressed seeds, covered witha soft’
_ white integument, the abortive cell, and its contents are~
very evident in the ripe fruit of this species. Perisperm
none. _ Embryo conform to the seed. | Cotyledons of a
thick, firm, fleshy texture, and nearly equal. Ca
generally near the middle of the cotyledons. i
The cultivation of this species cannot well be recom
mended, on account of its fruit ; but the tree is one of -_
most handsome of the genus. peach
4, E. Jambolana. Lamarck. Encycl. 3. 150. .
Leaves oblong, entire, sub-acuminate. Panicles below
the leaves. Calyx entire. Berry oblong, and often heer
liquely so. ”
Calyptranthes Jambolana. Linn. sp. pl. ed. Willd. 2 z
975. .
Perin-njara. Rheed. 5. t. 29.
Jumboo, Jumboo, Sanscrit names.
Beng. Kalla-jam.
‘Telling. Nasedoo. —
This grows to be a large tree, is common every’ where,
both in its wild and cultivated states; every soil and ay j
tuation suiting it equally well, Flowering time the be-
ginning of the hot Season, The fruit ripens in Jalyand |
August.
Eugenia. ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA. =—«-_ 485
‘Trunk generally a little crooked. Bark whitish with
a few cracks. Branches the larger irregular, the smaller
depending ; the whole forming a very large; beautifal,
shady head. Leaves opposite, short-petioled, oblong, .
pointed, waved, smooth, shining, firm, from four to five
inches long, and two broad. Stipules none. Panicles
often opposite on the naked branchlets, just below the
leaves, middle-sized, globular, cross-armed, rigid, and
subdivided by them. _ Calyx cup-form, with the margin
entire, permanent. Petals four, orbicular, claws very
short, insertedinto the mouth of the corol. Anthers small.
Germ inferior. Style rather shorter than the stamens,
declining. Stigma acute. Berry roundish, about the.
Size of a large cherry, succulent, smooth, when ripe.
black. Seed one, roundish, smooth.
The wood of this tree is hard, close grained, and dur-
able ; it is of course used for various purposes. .
The bark is strongly astringent, and dyes excellent dur-
able browns of various shades according to the corrosive
employed, or the strength of the decoction.
The fruits are universally eaten when ripe, by man and
birds ; they are of a subacid, astringent taste. ,
There is a variety of the fruit in the northern and
mountainous parts of the coast of a sar ealility; and
as large as a pigeon’s egg.
5. C. obtusifolia. R.
Leaves elliptic, obtuse, polished ; seaisie below. the
leaves. Corol calyptrate. Berry oblong, one-seeded.
Jambolifera pedunculata. Gert. sem. 1. 178. t. 36.
Jambolana.. Rumph. Amb. 1. t. 42.
A tree of considerable size, a native of the Moluccas.
Inthe Botanic garden at Calcutta, where it has been —
about twelve years, it blossoms in March, and the fruit . 5:
ripens in June. It differs from E, Jambolana of the onti-
486 ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Eugenia.
nent of India, only in the leaves being obtuse, and ffe-
quently emarginate, as in Rumphius’s figure.
Jambosa Ceramica. Rumph. Amb.1. t. 41. seems a spe-
. cies still undescribed, except by Rumphius, which I have
not yet met with.
6. E. operculata. R. sing
Trunk short, thin of branches. Leaves short-petioled,
oblong, smooth, coarsely veined. Panicles lateral, brachi-
ate, collecting the flowers in sessile, terminal heads.
Calyx entire ; corol operculate. Berries spherical.
From Amboyna this tree was brought to the Botani¢
garden at Calcutta, where it blossoms in March and pit
and the seeds ripen in May and June. ’
7..E. caryophylifolia. Lamarck.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate.’ Panicles below the leaves
cross-armed., Calyx obtusely four-toothed. Corol four
petioled, deciduous without expanding. Berry globular. 4
Calyptranthes Caryophyllifolia, Linn. sp. pl. ed. Willd.
2. 975. %
‘Myrtus Cuminum. Linn. sp. pl. 674.
Jambosa Ceramica. Rumph. Amb. 1. t.41.
Beng. Chota Jamb. “
A native of various parts of India, growing iieunaote
ly in almost every soil, and situation. Flowering | time |
the hot season.
‘Trunk seldom straight, nor long, but thick, ait cover
ed, as well as the numerous spreading branches, W"”
srbtoit ash-coloured bark, the smaller branches, and twigs
are generally pendulous. Leaves opposite, petioled,
ding, oblong-lanceolate, waved, very smooth, and shi
ing on both sides, with numerous, most slender, P ‘z
ed veins ; from three to four inches long, and ‘about i.
broad. Petioles about an inch long, channelled. ser
Eugenia, ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 487
cles diverging from the naked branchlets below the leaves,
cross-armed, rigid. Flowers numerous, small. Calyx
cup-shaped, obscurely four-toothed. Corol, petals four
or five, orbicular, concave, sessile, they seldom or never
expand, but are pushed off by the stamens in one cup-
shaped body like the calyptra in mosses. Stamens nu-
merous. Berry round, but in general disfigured, by de-
pressions or pits, size of a large pea, when ripe black.
_ Observation. This tree comes exceedingly near my
Eugenia Jambolana, but when found growing together,
it is evidently different. I considered them as one, or at
‘Most as varieties of one species, until I met with them
both together in this garden, and, have now raised
plants from the seeds of each, and they continue distinct.
The best distinguishing marks are stated in the defini-
tion ; besides, the /eaves and fruit of Jambolana are much
larger in the same soil ; particularly the fruit, and also
uniformly of an oblong shape.
Perin Njara. Rheed. Mal. vol. 5, t. 29. is evidently the
last mentioned.
‘The wood is whitish, very strong, close grained, hard and
durable. The fruit scarcely eatable, whereas many reckon
that of Jambolana good, particularly if soaked in a lit-
tle salt and water for about an hour, which removes a
great part of their superabundant astringency.
8, E. fruticosa, R.
Shrubby. Leaves from broad-oblong to oval, finely
veined. Panicles lateral. Flowers numerous. Calyx en-
tire. Peduncles and pedicells square. Corol four-petiol-
ed, but generally deciduous, in form ofa lid.
Hind. and Beng, Bun-Jamb.
A large shrub or small tree, a native of Chittagong, It
flowers during the hot season, and its very small
seeded berries ripen early in the rainy igre ' {ode
~
488 ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Eugenia.
9. E. brachiate. R.
Arboreous. Leaves elliptic, Spiiies-Sinited? Panicles
lateral. Peduncles and pedicells four-seeded. peice en-
tire. Berries spherical.
A native of Amboyna. In the Botanic garden at Cal- —
cutta it blossoms in May, and the fruit ripens in July ;
they are about the size of pease, dark purple or black,
and of an astringent taste. It is nearly allied to frutico-
sa, but grows to a much greater size ; the leaves are broad-
er and more obtuse, and in the same gardenit has taken
eleven years from the seed to blossom, while saiaiabeies
requires only three or four. dient’
10. E. claviflora. R
Leaves \anceolar. Corymbs lateral, subsessile, umbelli«
form; flowers clavate. Berries long, ovate, crowned
with the cyathiform base of the calyx.
Lumba-nuli-jamb the vernacular name in Chittagong,
where it is indigenous, and grows to be a stout useful tim-
ber tree, of very considerable size. Flowering time Febru-
ary and March, and the fruit which is eaten by see? na-
— te in May.
u. EB Spteatidles. R.
Leaves short-petioled, from oval to oblong, —
coarse-veined. Panicles lateral, brachiate. Fruit round,
of the size and appearance of small black cherries.
-Botee Jam, the vernacular name in Chittagong, where :
it is indigenous. Its trunk is so large as to furnish plaa
for various purposes. Flowering time April and May, and
the fruit, which is very generally eaten, ripens in Jaly-
12. E precox. R.
Leaves opposite, petioled, lanceolar, rather obtuse,
coarsely veined. Panicles lateral and axiletie Soar iil
: MRE onkior eel enaee, = . <a
Eugenia. ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 489
A stout tree, a native of the hilly parts of the province
of Chittagong, where it blossoms so early as January.
13. E, Paniala. R.
Leaves broad-lanceolar, acuminate, coarsely veined.
Panicles lateral, brachiate, flowers in little heads. Ber-
ries oval.
Beng. Paniala-jamb.
It is one of the largest and most robust trees of this
very noble genus ; a native of the forests of Chittagong,
where they abound more than in any other country I
am acquainted with, and furnish the natives with tim-
ber of a large sizé, fit for a variety of purposes. Flower-
ing time the month of April, the fruit ripening in June ;
they are about the size of a small gooseberry and very
juicy. ¥
14. E. laurifolia. R.
Leaves subsessile, oblong, glossy, obtusely icine
Peduncles lateral, three-flowered ; pedicells clavate,
length of the peduncles. Berries oblong.
A beautiful, densely ramous, small tree, flowering in
the hot season and ripening its fruit during the rains,
like many of the other uncultivated species, the pulp
of the fruit is in small quantity, and scarce eatable; the
shape however of the berries in this species, together
. With its dark brown bark, immediately point it out, _
14, E. ternifolia. R.
Leaves tern, sessile, oblong. Flowers lateral.
A large tree, a native of Chittagong, where it blossoms
in April, and the fruit ripens in June and July: it is
eaten by the natives.
Of this beautiful, stately species, there are two varie-
ties, one with white flowers, called by the people where
the tree grows Phool jamb, the other with lovely ‘rosy
Jij
490 ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Eugenia,
flowers they call Lal-phool-jamb. | Their leaves are
amongst the largest of the genus being from six to fifteen
inches long, and from three to six broad.
15. E. angustifolia. R.
Leaves tern, linear-lanceolar. Peduncles lateral, from
three to four-flowered. Corol many petalled.
A small tree, a native of Chittagong, where it flowers
in March and April, The fruit ripens in June and July,
It is readily known by its many-petalled corol, having
from twelve to sixteen petals, and by its three-fold leaves.
16. E. Zeylanica. Willd. 2.963. * io Ta
Arboreous. _ Leaves short-petioled, oblong, obtusely
acuminate, lucid, veinless, when young villous. Pedun-
cles axillary, generally solitary, or crowded on little co- —
' mose racemes. :
A native of the Silhet District, where it is called Na-
gasun Jamb, and grows to be a tree of a middling size,
flowering in April.
17. E. myrtifolia. R.
_Shrubby. Leaves lanceolate, taper, obtusely pointed,
lucid. Peduncles axillary, compound, many flow
Berries spherical. 5
A beautiful small tree or large spi; a native of Su-
matra, from whence it was sent by Dr. C, Campbell to_ ee:
the Botanic garden at Calcutta, where in nine years the
plants from seed had attained the height of six ot seve
feet, when they began to blossom in March and igi
and the seed ripened in May and June.
18. _* bracteata, R.
Shrubby. Leaves oblong, ventricose, obtuse, ! Incid.
Peduncles axillary, one, rarely two or three, one flowe>
ed, Involucre two-leaved. _ Berries spherical, smooth.
Eugenia. ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 491
Myrtus Coromandeliana. Kon. Mss.
Myrtus bracteata. Willd. 2. 969.
Teling. Gorag-moodee.
Hind. and Beng. Hijulee Mendee.
It grows in great abundance on the sand hills near to
the sea on the coast of Coromandel.
19. E. polygama. R.
Polygamous. Leaves short-petioled, elliptic, cuspi-
date. Panicles axillary on some trees, and not on others,
villous, Stigma capitate. .
A native of the Malay Archipelago. I have not seen.
the pericarp, its genus is therefore uncertain, particalar-
ly as it has a capitate stigma.
20. E. venusta. R.
Arboreous, with numerous drooping branchlets. Leaves :
broad-lanceolar, obtusely acuminate. Panicles axillary
and terminal, brachiate, shorter than the leaves, ultimate
divisions three-flowered. .
From Tippera, where this elegant tree is indigenous, the
seeds were received into this garden, where in six years
the largest of the young trees was about twelve feet high,
clothed with innumerable slender, drooping branches
down to the ground. Bark of the woody parts dark
brown and smooth, of the tender shoots green and smooth.
Leaves opposite, short petioled, from lanceolar to ob-
long ; when the plants were younger they were much
narrower in proportion to their length, entire, firm, highly
Polished, obtusely acuminate; from three to four inches
long, and one and a half broad. Panicles axillary, more
rarely terminal, shorter than the leaves, composed of
brachiate pairs of branches with their ultimate divisions
_ three-flowered, all round and smooth. Flowers like
those of the common myrtle, and about the - ‘same size.
Jalyx four-toothed. Corol of four short-clawed, orbicu-
Jjj2
492 ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Eugenia.
lar, concave, reddish petals. Germ two-celled, with re,
ovula in each, &c.
21. E. acuminata. R. .
Leaves broad-lanceolar, acuminate, polished, finely
veined, Peduncles axillary, terminal, many-flowered.
Corol operculate. Berries round.
A small, but tall, handsome tree, a vative of the Mo-
luccas ; in the Botanic garden at Calcutta it Bowers in
rey and the fruit ripens in June.
22. E. cymosa. R.
Arboreous. Leaves oblong, polished, hard. Cymes ter-
minal and axillary, crowded.
Buttee Jamb, the vernacular name in Silhet where the
tree is indigenous ; it grows to a great size, and the wood
is used for various economical purposes. Flowering time
December. 4
93. E. aquea. R. .
Arboreous, trunk soon divided. Leaves opposite, sub-
sessile, oblong-lanceolate, entire. Peduncles ter
and from the exterior axills, many-flowered. Fruit flat-
tened at both ends, (turnip-shaped.)
_Jambosa aquea. Rumph. Amb. 1. p. 126. t. 38. f. 2- tho
rose-coloured-variety, and Jambo-ayer. Rumph. isso
p. 126. the white. :
Both the above varieties have been introduent ‘from
the Moluccas iuto the Botanic garden at Calcutta, whet
they thrive luxuriantly, and blossom during the month
March, the fruit ripens in May and June.
Trunk short ; branches numerous down to the soma
Bark smooth, Rak-coloured : whole height from twenty
to twenty-five feet. aces opposite, very short-p®
tioled, sublanceolate, with their narrow base some ae
what cordate; meg entire, smooth on both. sides. mm.
Eugenia. ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA. A493
duncles terminal, and from three to five or seven large,
white flowers, on peditels of various length. Calyx the
four segments of the border subreniform. Petals subro-
tund, rather larger than the divisions of the calyx. Fila-
ments numerous, twice the length of the petals. Anthers
small, oblong. Germ broad-turbinate, two-celled, with
the rudiments of many seeds in each. Style longer than
the stamina. Stigma acute, Fruit about the size of a
large Medlar, somewhat turbinate, with both ends much
flattened ; surface smooth and polished, but uneven,
and in the first noticed variety of a most beautiful lively
pale rose colour, and aromatic taste, containing from one
to four seeds, though in the germ, asin all the other spe-
cies I have examined, there are the rudiments of a great -
many. The other variety, Jumbo ayer, has the fruit per-
fectly white, there is no other difference.
The tree which bears the rose, or pink coloured va-
riety, is conspicuously beautiful, when the drooping
branches of the fuil grown, brilliant coloured fruit, ap-
pear through the dark deep green leaves.
24. E. alba. R.
Trunk rarely straight, and soon divided. Leaves sub-
Sessile, oblong. §Peduncies lateral and terminal, bra-
chiate, many flowered, Flowers nig Berries de-
pressed, turbinate,
Beng. Jamrool. .
A native of the Malay Islands. In the Botanic gar-
den at Calcutta, this rather low, very ramous tree blos-
soms, and bears immense crops of large pure white shin-
ing fruit during the hot and rainy seasons, but they are
~ ic tt and quite watery.
25, E. oblata. R.
_ Leaves opposite, broad lanceoiar, obtusely-acaminate.
Panicles terminal, with smaller axillary corymbiform fas-
494 ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Eugenia.
cicles in the axills, all shorter — theleaves. Berries
transversely oval. .
Goolum, the vernacular name in Chittagong, where it
is found wild, as well as cultivated for its edible fruit ;
the wood is also in some estimation. It blossoms in
March, and the fruit ripens in June and July.
26. E. lanceefolia. R.
Leaves short-petioled, lanceolate, with the base ete
ed, acuminate, smooth. Panicles axillary and terminal,
globular, shorter than the leaves. Berries oblong, crown-
ed with the entire calyx. 1
Poora-Jamb, the vernacular name in Silhet, where it is
‘indigenous in the forests of that district, and grows to
be one of the largest trees. Flowering time November,
and the seed ripens in February ; uncommon periods for
an Eugenia to flower and ripen its fruit ; this I am in-
clined to consider one of the most elegant ne most use-
ful species of this extensive, and truly superb genus. x
27. E. lanceolaria, R.
Leaves short-petioled, narrow-lanceolar. Flowers tet
minal, about fifteen, corymbose-fascicled. Berries wit
gularly round lobate.
Pounee-Jamb, the vernacular name in Silhet, where it
grows to be a small smooth tree of from ten to twelve feet
in height, the flowers very large, rosy, and somewhat fra-
grant, which with the elegant foliage, renders it one of
the prettiest of this _very grand family. It flowers in
May, the fruit ripens in December, and, though as large
asa small apple, is not eaten, the pulp being in -
quantity and tough. .
28. E. esisen: Willd. 2. 959.
Trunk rarely straight and soon dividing. Leaves iat io
ceolate.~ Flowers terminal. Berries globular. —
Eugenia. ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 495
Malacca schambu. Rheed. Mal. 1. t.17.
Jambosa sylvestris alba. Rumph. Amb. 1. t. 39.
Jamba the Sanscrit name. Asiat. Res. 1. 419.
Beng. Gulab-jamb.
Found common in gardens in most parts of India and
its Islands.
29. E. caryophyllata. Willd. 2. 965.
Leaves from lanceolar to oblong, acute. Corymbs ter-
minal, Berries oblong, one, rarely, two-seeded.
Luvunga, the Sanscrit name.
Pers. Meykuk.
English. Clove tree.
On the Molucea Islands site ew trees are indige-
nous they begin to blossom when about nine years old;
the average produce is about two, or two and a half
pounds of cloves yearly.
Arab. Kerunpul,
Beng. Lung.
-Caryophyllus aromaticus. sp. pl. 735. Gert. sem, t. 167.
33.
Caryophyllus. Rumph. Amb. 2. t. 1. 2. 3.
30. E. leptosperuma. R.
Leaves short petioled, lanceolate, coriaceous, polish-
ed. Panicles terminal, very ramous. Calyx acetabu-
liform, obscurely five-toothed, Stigma two-toothed.
_A native of the Island of Romoa.
31. E. Thumra. R.
Leaves lanceolar, polished. Panicles terminal, extreme,
Temote, many-flowered. Divisions of the calyx subrotund ;
petals reniform, sessile.
Sent trom Pegue by the Rev. Mr. F. aaa under the 3
Vernacular name Thumra. ge:
‘496 ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Eugenia.
32. E. pulchella. R.
Leaves broad-lanceolar, acuminate, finely veined, lucid,
Panicles terminal, divided in a triternate form ; peduncles
and pedicells four-seeded. Berries spherical.
A very beautiful, slow growing, small tree; a native
of the Molucca Islands. Flowering time in the Botanic
garden of Calcutta March and April, and the fruit which
is like the black currant, ripens in the early part of the.
rains. .
33. E. Inophylla. R. *
Trunk straight to the top of the tree. Leaves from oval
to oblong, finely-veined and polished. | Panicles termi-
nal, corymbiform. Calyx obscurely from four to five-
lobed. Corol from four to five-petalled. Berries turbi-
nate.
A native of the Moluccas. It flowers during the hot
season in the Botanic garden at Calcutta. .
_ Although it resembles the clove tree, it possesses m
kind of fragrance’ The large pear-shaped berries até
not eatable, the pulpy part or rather cortex being of a
hard tough texture and unpleasant taste.
34. E. rubens, R.
Leaves short-petioled, opposite, and subalternate, ' Jan-
ceolar, obtuse, fine-veined, hard and glossy. P
terminal, ultimate divisions often umbelliferous.
A large timber tree, a native of the extensive frets
Chittagong, where it is called Kuree Jamb. It flowers is
April ; the fruit which is eaten by boys, ripens alieat sai
eres of the rains. 2
35. E. glandulifera. R. OF
Shrubby. “Leaves broad-lanceolate, highly aie? :
Panicles terminal, brachiate; ramifications simple ae
Myrtus. IGCOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA. _ 497
umbelliferous. Calyx five-toothed, and with the germs
and pedicells glandular.
A native of Sumatra.
36. E. macrocarpa. R.
Leaves subsessile, lanceolate, acuminate, base narrow-
cordate. Peduncles terminal, few-flowered. Berries sphe-
tical, of the size of a large orange, crowned with the four-
lobed permanent calyx.
Chalta-jamb, the vernacular name in Chittagong, where
it is indigenous in the forests amongst the timber trees.
Flowering in April, and the immensely large fruit, resem-
bling that of the Chalta, (Dillenia indica now called
Speciosa, ) which is eaten by the natives, ripens in August
and September.
, 37. E. corymbosa. R.
Leaves ovate-lanceolate, entire, smooth. Corymbs ter-
minal, decompound. Calyx with large round divisions.
Berries globular.
_ A native of the Moluccas,
MYRTUS. Schreb. gen. n. 844.
_ Calyx five-cleft ; petals five. Berry inferior, from two
to five-celled, with a few gibbous seedsineach,
1. M. communis. Willd. 2. 967.
Flowers sub-solitary. Involucre two-leaved.
Arab. Isbor.
Hind. Belatee mendee.
| Common in gardens, it flowers during the cold season,
i am not certain that this species is found indigenous
in any part of India. :
Pa ae
‘498 ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Feetidia.
2. M. tomentosa, Willd. 2. 960. oat
Shrubby. Leaves short-petioled, oblong, three-nerved, —
hoary underneath. Peduncles axillary, one flowered.
Bractes two at the bottom of the germ. Berry oval, cells -
uncertain ; seeds very numerous,
3. M. canescens. biaee Cochin Ch, 381.
Arbor sinensis, &c. Pluk. am. p. 21. t. 372. f. l.is oa
A native of the Island of Pulo Penang, as opie as of ©
—— Cochin China, &c.
EUCALYPTUS. WU Herit. ee
Calyx permanent truncated, before flowering covered
with an entire deciduous lid. Corol none. Capsule in-
ferior, four-celled, opening at top, many-seeded.
’ E, moluccana. R. oS
* Lid conical, shorter than the calyx. Panicles lateral,
- composed of peduncled heads, of six or seven flowers.
Leaves alternate, petioled, lanceolate, entire, firm and |
polished. _ a
A native of the Molucca Islands, differing from all es
.the species described by Dr. Smith in the 3d vol. of pees
Transactions of the Linnean Society, in having lateral
panicles, composed of heads of six or seven
flowers.
FETIDIA. Juss.
Calyx superior, four-parted. Corol. Drupe shite 2
Nut ligneous, four-celled. Seeds one or-two. 23
F. mauritiana. Willd, 2, 980. Lamarck. Juss. 50.
Found by Colonel Hardwicke indigenous on the Maw-
Amygdalus. ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 499
ritius, in seed in the month of July. Hesaysit is a fall,
stout tree. ‘
Stem smooth and straight, thirty feet without ticectiin
Branches diverging. The bark very tenacious, thick, en-
tire; surface whitish, red within, bitter and astringent,
The wood-cutters strip young shoots of the bark to bun-
dle up their wood, Leaves about the ends of the branches
on all sides, crowded, lanceolar, entire, smooth, with
mid-rib red, sessile.
PUNICA. Schreb. gen. n. 847.
’ Calyx five-cleft. Petals five. Pome inferior, many-
celled, many-seeded, "
P. granatum. Willd. 2. 981. Asiat. Res. xi, 175,
Arboreous, Leaves lanceolate. seed ;
Arab. Rana, or Ruman, — : :
- Pers. Anar.
Hind. Darim, also Anar.
Sung. Darimba.
Beng. Dalim, or Darim.
Gool-anar is the Hindee name of the double flowered
variety ; both are common in gardens throughout India. |
A decoction of the bark of the root, has been found a
sovereign remedy for the Tenia, or Tape-worm. For the
knowledge of this valuable discovery, we are indebted to:
Mr. Alexander Colvin, and Mr. Home of Calcutta. See -
Dr. Fleming’s Account thereof in the 11th vol, of the
' Asiat. Res. above quoted.
AMYGDALUS. Schreb. gen. n. 848.
Calyx five-cleft, Petals five. Drupe superior, res ae
a a shell ai with pores.
— Kkka
500 ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Prunus.
1. A. persica. Willd. 2. 982.
All the serratures of the leaves acute. Flowers sessile, —
and solitary. A
Arab. Tuffa-parsee.
Pers. Shooft-aloo.
Chin. 'To is the name of the common peach, and ve
to of the flat peach.
Several varieties from China and Persia have been in-
troduced into the gardens of India. The most uncom-
mon is the flat peach from China, its fruit is vertically
compressed, like a turnip. In Bengal they blossom in
February and the fruit ripens in May.
2. A.-communis. Willd. 2. 982.
Lower serratures of the leaves glandular. Floptns ses-
sile and in pairs.
Arab. and Hind. Budam.
Common in Persia and Arabia I therefore pees it
is a native of those countries. It does not succeed in i:
dia, requiring much nursing to keep it alive. ss
3. A. cordifolia. R
_ Leaves cordate, acuminate, gland-serrulate. F Towers
in pairs, peduncled, Nut hairy.
A native of China, and now common in sailed about
Calcutta, where it grows to be a large very ramous tree
and is cultivated for its small, yellow, succulent, acid
fruit, of which tarts are often made. Flowering time 12
Bengal the coo] season, the fruit ripens in the hot seasom
PRUNUS. Schreb. gen. n. 849.
Calyx five-cleft; Petals five. Drupe eiagicts — re
nut having Prominent sutures, |
at
ae | se i
Prunus. ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 501
1. P. cerasus. Willd. 2. 991.
Umbels sub-peduncled, Leaves ovate-lanceolate, smooth,
folded together,
Arab. Kerasya, or Jerasya,
Pers. Aloo-baloo.
A native of Persia, &c.
2. P. armeniaca. Willd. 2. 989.
Flowers sessile. Leaves subcordate.
Hind. Khoo-banee.
Arab. Bin-kook, also Tuffa-urmena.
Pers. Mishmish,
A native of China, as well as the west of Asia.
~
3. P. silvatica, R.
Peduneles short, few-flowered. Leaves oblong, cuspi-
date, finely-serrate, polished, having two glands at the
base. Bractes ovate, sessile, pectinato-serrate.
Prunus, Hardwicke in Asiat. Res. 6. 362.
Found wild by Colonel Hardwicke, and afterwards by
Mr. Francis Pierard; a tree of considerable size on the
mountains norih of Hurdwar.
4. P. trifolia. R. ,
Unarmed. Peduncles tern. Leaves oblong, very fine-
ly gland-serrate, smooth, in the bud equitant. Drupes
cordate, 2
Chin. Hong-sum-li.
This elegant very ramous bushy shrub has been re-
ceived from China, into our gardens in Bengal, where it
blossoms in Febryary, immediately after which the luxu-
tiant foliage expands, and the fruit, which is about the
Size of the common plum, and nent as pesnees eset
in May and June, :
Trunk in our young oadiivated trees, ot rather shrubs,
_ Very short, soon dividing into numerous branches and
502 ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Alangium,
branchlets in all directions from diverging to erect. Bark
on all smooth. Leaves alternate, in the bud equitant, pe-
tioled, recurved, oblong, tapering equally at each end, ve-
ry finely gland-serrate, considerably acuminate, smooth,
from two to four inches long, and from one to two
broad, in Bengal deciduous about the close of the year.
Stipules from the base of the petioles, ensiform, gland-
ciliate. Flowers very numerous, rather small, and white,
short peduncled, regularly three from each bud, and
there are generally two of those buds in each of the old
axills, with a leaf-bearing one in the centre. Bractes,
the scales of the bud, cordate, scariose, and nearly cadu-
cous. Calyx, segments five, oblong ; margins glandular.
Petals oval, short-clawed, the length of the peduncles.
Filaments about thirty, shorter than the petals. Germ
ovate, one-celled, containing two ovula attached to the
same side of the cell. Style the length of the stamina.
Stigma large. Drupe cordate, with an obtuse rising at
the apex, the size of the common plum, and of the same
purple colour, covered with a similar bloom, grooved on
one side. Pulp in large quantity, ofa pale reddish yellow.
Seed single, conform to the nut, Integument single.
Perisperm a thin covering on one side only. Embryo
inverse. Cotyledons unequal, the small one eet
- and embraced by thn larger, subequitant.
ALANGIUM. Juss.
_ Calyx from six to seven-toothed. Corol from six tO
seven-petalled. Germ inferior, one-celled, one-seeded,
attachment superior. _Drupe one- seeded. geese in
verse, furnished with a perisperm, “é
aA ja Willd. 2.1174, - a
eines with the twanohiets sometimes vending <i
E258 a
Lagerstroemia. |§ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 503
spines sometimes not. Leaves lanceolate. Corol from
- six to seven- petalled.
Greevia salvifolia. Linn. suppl 409.
Greevia montana. Kon. Mss,
Angolam. Rheed. Mal. 4. t.17, and Kara-angolam t.
26 are, I strongly suspect, at most but varieties of the
same species.
Beng. Akar-kanta.
A native of Coromandel, Malabarand Bengal. It flow-
ers during the hot season. ‘The germ has one cell, and
contains a single ovula attached to the top of the cell.
The embryo is inverse and furnished with a perisperm.
The wood beautiful,
. LAGERSTROEMIA. Schreb. gen. n. 910.
Calyx six-toothed. Petals six, inserted by claws, and
curled. Germ from three to six-celled ; cells many-seed-
ed, attachment central. Capsule superior, from three to
six-celled, from three to six-valved. Seeds several, wing-
ed. Embryo, with centripetal radicle, and little or no pe-
a
1. L. grandiflora. R.
Arboreous. Leaves opposite, oblong, with an enlarged —
cordate base. Panicles terminal, drooping. Stamina
equal, longer than the corol. Calyx smooth. Capsules
six or more-celled. Seeds filiform.
_ A native of Chittagong, and the neighbouring districts,
In the Botanic garden at Calcutta it was reared from
Seed in 1801; and when seven years old, the trees were
large ; it blossoms during the dry season ; and the seeds
ripen from April to June.
Trunk perfectly erect and straight to the top of the
trees, Bark smooth, ash-coloured. | Branches subverti- _
cellate, the stout ligneous parts diverging, the very long,
504 ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Lagerstroemia.
smooth, slender twigs drooping much from the weight of
the leaves, and still more when in flower, or seed, by the
additional weight of the flowers, &c. general height of the
trees when seven years old from twenty to forty feet,
Leaves opposite, approximate, short-petioled, linear-ob-
long, with a cordate, stem-clasping base, entire, of a firm
consistence, smooth on both sides, with the lower side
paler, from six to twelve inches long, and from three to
five broad. Panicles terminal, drooping, sub-globu-
lar. Flowers very large, from ten to forty in the panicle,
with a rather offensive odour, Calyx divided about half
way down, into six acute, smooth, thick, fleshy perma-
nent segments. Petals six, oblong, obtuse ; margins curl-
ed, considerably longer than the segments of the calyx.
Filaments about eighty, equal, longer than the corol.
Anthers linear, incumbent. | Germ superior, conic, six OF —
more grooved, six or more celled, with innumerable ovu- —
la in each, attached to the large triangularly conic recepta-
cle, rising from the bottom of the cells and longitudinal-
_ly to the inner edges of the partitions. The space gene- _
_ rally occupied by the axis being here empty. Style longer
than the stamina, often serpentine, Stigma ovate, slightly _
divided into as many lobes as there are cells in the cap- _
sule. Capsule nearly round, of the size of a very small
apple, with smooth, brittle, dark brown, rather thin cof-
tex, surrounded with the permanent segments of the Ca —
lyx, six or more celled, six or more-valved, opening from —
the apex, partitions longitudinally attached to the mid-—
dle of the valves, and their inner margins to the innet —
part of the receptacles. Seeds numerous, very minute,
linear-oblong, pedicelled, from their apex proceeds @
long filiform process, or wing. Integument the smallness
of the seed prevents me from determining whether there
is more than one, it is rather hard where the embryo ©
lodged, but both extremities are spongy. Perisper™ ae
_ Rone or very thin, and not to be distinguished from the
Lagerstoemia. ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 505
envelope. Embryo straight. Cotyledons cordate, oblong,
greendotted. .Radicle subcylindric, pointed to the base
of the seed.
2. L. regina. Willd. 2.1178. R. Corom. pl. 1. p. 4. t. 65.
Arboreous. Leaves opposite, oblong. Stamina equal.
Calyx variously grooved on the outside. | Capsules six-
celled.
Arjuna. Asiat. Res. 4. p. 30L.
Beng. JSarool.
Adamboe. Rheed. Mal. 4. t. 20 and 21.
L. Flos, Regina. Retz, Obs. 5. p. 25..and 1. p. 20.
A native of Bengal, Malabar, &c. H. C. the seed rip-
ens in August. It is a large timber tree, when in blos-
som beautiful. At Rangoon the timber i is used tomake _
knees for ships.
3. L. parviflora. Willd. 2, 1179. R. Corom. pl. 1..p
48. ¢. 66.
Arboreous. Leaves opposite, oblong, downy under-_
neath. Peduncles from three to six-flowered. Stamina
unequal. Capsule from three | to four=celled.
Teling. ‘Chinangee. js
A native of various parts ‘of ae It pr diving aad
the hot season ; the seed ripens in August.
4. L. indica. Willd. 2. 1178.
Shrubby. Leaves nearly opposite, aks Petals with
long clawed and much curled, Stamina unequal. Cap-
sules from five to six-celled.
_ Hind. Telinga-china..
Velaga globosa. Gert. fruct. 2. t. 133. p. 2.
An exotic from China; it flowers in the rainy seasamyiy
but. Ere ripens its seed here.
. Lil
oe
*
506 ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA., Sonneratia.
CHRYSOBALANUS. Schreb. gen. n. 850.
Calyx five-cleft. Petals five. Style lateral. Drupe with
a five furrowed, five-valved nut.
C. racemosus, R.
Leaves alternate, short-petioled, oblong, entire, smooth.
Racemes axillary, simple, much shorter than the leaves.
A native of the Moluccas.
SONNERATIA. Schreb. gen. n. 853.
Calyx from four to six-parted. Corol six-petalled or
more. Capsule superior, many-celled. Seeds numerous,
nestling.
1. S. acida. Willd. 2. 999.
Petals six, narrow-lanceolate. ayy 6
Rhizophora ca:eolaris. Linn. syst. veg. 442. %:
Mangium caseolare. Rumph. Amb. 3.t.73. _
Pagapate, Sonnerat. it. nor. Guin. p. 16. t. 10. and Il.
‘Blaiti. Rheed. Mal. 3. t. 40.
A native of the Delta of the Gange
the hot and rainy seasons.
2. S. apetala. Buch. =
Branchlets pendulous. Calyx ee : fs
Stigma peltate.
Ge Galea Ateeenebes during the hot $¢@
*
Ludia, ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 507
LUDIA. Juss.
Calyx many-parted, Corol none. Germ superior, one-
superior, one-celled, many-seeded, attachment parietal,
Berry few or many-seeded. Embryo centrifugal, and
furnished with a perisperm.
1. L. spinosa. R.
Arboreous, Trunk and large branches armed with ra-
mous spines. Leaves oblong, remotely obtuse-serrulate,
smooth, three-nerved.
A native of Sumatra; from thence plants were sent by
the late Dr. Charles Campbell in 1804, to the Botanic
garden at Calcutta, where they began to blossom in ih
1812, and ripened their fruit in September.
Compare with spina spinarum. Rumph. Amb.7, p. 20,
#.19. f- 1. I suspect they may be the same, and more so
as his tree is a native of Java, and mine of Sumatra,
neighbouring Islands.
Trunk erect in trees eight years old, fully as thick as
a man’s leg and with the larger branches dreadfully
armed with long, strong, straight, compound spines, as
in Flacoutia catgphracta. Young shoots smooth and
coloured, whole height of those young trees from fifteen
to twenty feet. + Leaves alternate, bifarious, short-pe-
tioléd, oblong, yery remotely and obtusely serrulate, ob-
inate, having both sides smooth, and the one
i jle-nerved, from four to six inches long,
tp three broad, while young beautifully
coloured. Pei io) es short, channelled. Stipules minute,
triangular. Ragemes axillary, solitary, simple, shorter
than the leaxeds few-flowered, Flowers smail; pale
yellow, pedicellg ed ny of them male i
Bractes small, any s
cel, and some row
. eee fac Bis
508 ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Ludia,
ers about the size and appearance of those of the com-
mon myrtle, many seem abortive, though all are herma-
phrodite, and in those the filaments are longer and the
anthers lighter-coloured. | Calyx saucer-shaped; border
twelve-parted ; six of which form an inner series, and
are narrower, the whole permanent. Corol none. Fila-
ments numerous, inserted on the disk or undivided part
of the calyx. Anthers ovate oblong. Germ superior,
ovate, one-celled ; ovula many, attached to three equidis-
tant parietal receptacles. Style about as long as the
stamina. Stigma three-lobed. Berry oblong, the size of
an olive. Pulp of a soft fleshy consistence ; the taste of
which is something like a bad, sweet pear, though some-
what better. Seeds few, roundish-oval, umbilicus point-
ed, attached asin the germ, and nestling in soft yellow
pulp. Integuments two, both membranaceous, Perisperm
conform to the seed, amygdaline. Embryo as extended as
the perisperm. Cotyledons round-cordate, three-nerved.
Radicle oval, centrifugal. . :
2. L. foetida. R. ,
Arboreous, unarmed. Leaves oblong-serrate, smooth.
Racemes axillary, longer than the leaves, | compound.
Stigma four-cleft, cf
Somer-mera, the Malay name under which it was Te
ceived from Amboyna into the Botanic garden at Cal-
cutta, where it has been for fourteen years, and for some
years past blossoms freely during the rains, but bas not
yet produced a single full-formed seed-vessel in Bengal.
The trees are now about thirty feet high, with a perfectly
straight trunk of a proportionate thickness, covered with
smooth, olive-coloured bark. Branches numerous, spread-
ing and dividing much, the whole forming a large, ovale,
very dense crown, The scent of the tree when near it,
particularly fetid, sca gary Uk eee
Sesuvium. ICOSANDRIA DIGYNIA. 509
ICOSANDRIA DIGYNIA.
CRATEGUS. Schreb. gen. n. 854.
Calyx. five-cleft. Corol five-petalled. Berry inferior,
two-seeded.
1.C. crenulata. R,
Shrubby, spinous, Leaves narrow elliptic, crenulate,
polished. Flowers terminal, sub-racemed, pentagynous.
Berries oblate, open at top, exposing the five seeds.
A native of Nepal ; in the Botanic garden at Calcutta
in eight years it has grown to the height of six or eight
feet, very ramous. It flowers during the hot season,
and the berries ripen in August.
2. C. integrifolia. R.
Procumbent, subspinous. Leaves obovate cuncate, en-
tire, coriaceous, hairy underneath. Flowers axillary, so-
litary. Calycine segments obtusely triangular and en-
tire.
Found by Colonel Hardwicke on the hills between
Hurdwar and Sirinagur. See Asiat. Res. 6. p. 362—3.
SESUVIUM. Schreb. gen. n. 856.
Calyx or corol five-parted. | Capsule superior, three-
celled, circumcised, many-seeded.
S. portulacastrum. Willd. 2. 1009.
Crithmus Indicus, Rumph. Amb. t. 72. f. 1.
Zeling. Wangaredookooroo. }
A native of the sand hills near the shores of Jagr
In flower and seed the whole year. :
510 ICOSANDRIA PENTAGYNIA, Pyrus.
ICOSANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.
MESPILUS.. Schreb. gen. n. 857.
Calyx five-cleft. Corol five-petalled. | Germ inferior,
five-celled ; cells two-seeded, attachment the base of the
axis. Berry few-seeded. Embryo ercct, no perisperm.
1. M. japonica. Banks. Icon. Kempf. tab. 18. Willd. 2.
1010.
Arboreous, Leaves sessile, lanceolar, very acute, ser-
rate, downy underneath ; panicles terminal, tomentose-
Fruits obovate, villous,
Chin. Loquat.
From China it was introduced into Bengal where itis
much cultivated on account of its excellent fruit, the
beauty of the tree, and the exquisite fragrance of its flow-
ers. In the Botanic garden at Calcutta it blossoms
twice in the ait but bears fruit only once, viz. in Febra- |
ary and March.
2. M. bengalensis. R.
- Arboreous. Leaves petioled, lanceolar, remotely serrate,
hard, smooth and glossy except while very young. Pa-
nicles terminal. Fruit obovate, from one to two-s
A large timber tree, a native of Chittagong. F 3
ing time December and January, the fruit, a is no
eaten, ripens in June and July. ae
PYRUS. Schreb. gen. n. 858.
Calyx five-cleft. Petals five. Pome inferior, five: ceeds
many-seeded,
5 Bee oe communis. ‘Willd. 2. 1016. =
Leaves ovate, serrate. Peduncles corymbed.
Pyrus. ICOSANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. SIL
Arab. Umrood.
Pers. Nash-patee.
I have not been able to discover this tree in its native
State in India, the following is the only pear, I have yet
been able to fiud that has not been brought from Europe.
2. P. malus. Willd-2. 1017.
Leaves ovate-oblong, serrate, smooth, or villous. Um-
bels simple, sessile. Claws of the petals shorter than the
Calyx. Style smooth.
Sung. Seeba.
Arab. Tuffa. ee
It is common all over the western parts of India, and
_ Persia, and but very little improved by culture, conse-
quently the varieties are few.
_ 8. P. cydonia. Willd. 2. 1020.
Leaves oval, hoary underneath, quite entire. Stipules
Oblong. Flowers solitary.
Introduced from Europe, and from the Cape of Good
Hope.
4. P. chinensis. R.
Leaves cordate, acuminate, finely serrulate smooth.
Stipules filiform. Corymbs peduucled. Pedicels longer -
than the peduncle, hairy, with scattered filiform bractes. }
Styles smooth. Fruit vertically compressed. 2 os
Chin. Cha-li.
Salli is the name by which the people about Calcutta
know this tree It blossoms at various seasons, but yields
few fruits, and those of a very bad quality.
5. P. indica. R. |
Leaves cordate and ovate, most acutely and finely ser-
tulate, smooth. Stipules filiform, the length of the petioles. —
A small tree, a native of the little or momma °
as
»
5120 ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA, — Rosa,
districts east and north east of Silhet, while the plants
are young the leaves are deeply lobate, the fruit round
and smooth, a little concave at the base, from one to
two inches in diameter; the taste is harsher than ihe -
common crab-apple of Europe.
6. P. tomentosa. R. waned
Tender parts tomentose. Leaves oblong, obtuse, ob- _
tusely serrate ; stipules scarcely any.
This is the Quince tree of Hindoostan, and most like-_
ly that which furnishes the Quince seed brought from
Muscat to Bengal for sale, where they are much used for
medical purposes under the name Beheeke beej.
SPIRAEA. Schreb. gen. n. 862, c
Calyx five-cleft. Petals five. Capsules five, superior,
many-seeded. fis
S. corymbosa. R. ae
Shrubby, erect. Leaves lanceolate, serrate. — Comme
terminal, globular. ;
A native of China and of the mountains north of Iniay
in the Botanic garden at Calcutta; it blossoms more orless
the whole year, but most cainienaeln during the hot and 3 Las
rainy season, but never ripens its seed.
*
ICOSANDRIA POLYGYN IA.
ROSA. Schreb. gen. n. 863.
Calyx ee, Rew fleshy, contracted _ the
neck, tley 4) ay
‘Seeds numerous wispia, affixed to the’ interior site oe
Rosa, ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA. 513
1. R. involucrata. R. ~~ os atc)
Subscandent, armed with strong dicalerts stonighit
prickles. Flowers in subsessile fascitles. Bractes in form
of a four or five leaved laciniate, inferior calyx.
A native of Nepal and Bengal; it flowers about: the
beginning. of ‘the warm weather in February ; its seed ri- ~
pens in the rains. sStem and branches stout and ligneous,
the latter often very long, subscandent, armed with strong,
straight, stipulary prickles ; young shoots villous. Leaves
pinnate ; common petiole villous, slightly armed, stem-
clasping, base pinnatifid. Leaflets opposite; from five to
eleven, oblong, serrate, villous underneath; the largest
about an inch long, and half an inch broad. | Flowers
terminal, from one to many together, subsessile, large,
pure white, sweetly fragrant. . Bractes four or five, sur-
rounding the base of the germ, singly they are lanceolate,
_ acuminate, with the lower margins deeply laciniate, and
villous. Calyx villous ; divisions entire. Corol single.
Petals obcordate. Germ globular, villous.
2. R. centifolia. Willd. 2.1071.
Germs ovate, with peduncles hispid. Stem inispid,
and prickly. Petioles unarmed.
Arab. Wurd.)*
Pers. Gool.
Hind. and Beng. Gulab.
3. R. chinensis. Wilid. 2. 1078.
Germs obovate. Stem with remote, large sladilik:
Peduncles hispid. -Petioles almost unarmed, Leaflets
about five, broad-lancedlate, serrate, having both sides
smooth. Divisions of the calyx away on the ingle,
Beng. Kanta, or Kath-Gulab. ‘
A native of China. Flowering time the cold sea-
psi * datas so well with Linnzeus’s senipilen Mf
Man.
514 ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA. Rosa.
Rosa inilies, as to induce me to think owns are gs
same.
4. R. glandulifera. R.
Germs oblong, shrubby, subscandent, armed. All the
tender parts ciliate, with glutinous, headed glands. Leaf-
lets from five to seven, ovate, doubly-serrate. Segments
of the calyx sub-ensiform, finely pinnatifid. Flowers ter- _
minal in large corymbiform panicles, po estes:
Beng. Swet, or Sheooti gulab.
Found in gardens throughout India, where it is com-
monly called the white rose ; its flowers being double, fra- —
grant and white, like the white rose (R. alba, ) of Europe.
Where this plant is indigenous is uncertain, probably
China, as I know it has been brought from thence to the
Botanic garden at Calcutta.» It blossoms alk the Stitt
round ; but chiefly during the cold season, aie:
5. R. semperflorens. Willd. 2. 1078.
Germ globular, smooth ; peduncles hispid. Stems and
petioles aculeate. ' Leaves quinate, pinnate ; leaflets lan-
ceolate, serrate. Calycine a pagans were!
on the inside. i esiodh
A small, very ramous species, a native of China. | In_
Bengal it is in constant flower, but —_ et es —
the cool season.
6. R. jeden: R. ter se
Germs globular. All the eile aria combntane? and
Galebdlifertus: Segments of the calyx entire ; stems,
branches and — armed. Leaflets seven, nest
serrate, rn
ff ist ae os ihe RE shale of Robileun
bk 4 ; . its 4.2% 20725 #43 speek 2
i? lucene Re oe sarge Be
Sub-scandent, ay pica with, eee .
+
Rosa. ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA, $15
prickles. Leaflets from five to nine, ovate-lanceolate,
acutely serrate, smooth. Stipules subulate ; petioles arm-
ed. Fee
This stout, straggling, recurved, powerfully armed
shrub is a native of Nepal; from thence it was sent by Dr.
Buchanan to the Botanic garden at Calcutta, where it has
now been ten years and has not yet blossomed, Dr. Bu-
chanan however ascertained the genus in Nepal, where it
blossoms freely.
8. R. diffusa. R.
Stems and branches weak, diffuse, armed with rene
recurved prickles in stipulary pairs, Leaflets five, ovate- |
oblong, villous ; stipules pectinate. :
_ This distinct species is readily known by its weak, dif-
fuse and procumbent, very long, almost simple branches,
which often rest on the ground ;it is supposed to be a na-
tive of China, as it was brought from Canton to the Bota-
nic garden at Calcutta. 4
9. R. microphylia. R.
Suffraticose, armed with straight pairs of stipulary
prickles only. Leaflets seven or nine, minute, oval, fine-
ly and acutely serrulate; stipules panier, entire.
Chin, Hoi-tong-hong. $s
Introduced from Canton into the Botanic eS at
Calcutta. oo
.
“0. R. triphylla. R.
-Scandent, armed. Leaves ternate ; leaflets lanceolate.
From China this very extensive rambler was brought
to the Botanic garden at Calcutta, previous to 1794,
where it thrives luxuriantly, and is known to the Chiniese
oe in phe garden by the name, Teha-te ay: fa, eae»
516 ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA. Rubus.
11, Reinermis, R. Ee ek ie
‘Suffruticose, unarmed; leaves ternate and —
pinnate ; leaflets lanceolate, serrate, smooth.
' Of this very elegant small plant we have two varieties
from China: one with double white flowers, called by the
Chinese, Po-mou-he-wong ; the other with double aad
— Wong- — Loh eM)
RUBUS. Schreb. gen. n. 864.
Calyx five-cleft. Petals five. Berry superior, com-
pound grains one-seeded. 2
1. R. hexagynus. 3 igh
Shrubby, scandent, armed. Leaves simple, oblong
and oblong-cordate, serrate. Panicles terminal. Flowers
hexagynous ; petals linear, shorter than the calyx. _
Hera-Chora, the vernacular name in Silbet, where
the plant is indigenous. _It flowers about the end of ibe
_ rains, and the seeds ripen in the cool season. —
Stem in fall grown plants, as stout as a man’s arm, with
numerous, very long, climbing, round’ branches, and vil-
lous branchlets, all’ armed with small recurved prickles ;
when their apices rest on the ground, they strike root
Leaves alternate, short-petioled, simple, from oblong t@
ovate-cordate, serrulate, villous underneath ; rib and pe
tioles armed ; from three to five inches long and from one
to two broad. Stipules slender, and often divided int?
filiform, villous segments. Panicles terminal, large and
very ramous, villous. Flowers numerous, ‘small, long-
pedicelled, white. Bractes solitary at all the divisions,
from simply filiform to multifid, villous, Calycine 5¢9-
ments undivided, with the end subulate. Petals lineat,an4
a little shorter than the calyx. _ Filaments numeroas; 18°
serted on the calyx, and ati the Igngth of the petals.
Anthers oval, Germ six, inserted in the centre of @ con-
>
Rubus. ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA. 517
vex, very hairy, receptacle, one-celled, containing one
ovula attached to the top of the cell. Style the length of
the germ, permanent. Stigma simple. . Seeds, rather,
partial berries, for they are so, from one to six, generally
three or four, distinct, obliquely ovate, smooth, red and
succulent ; when dry wrinkled, almost chocolate-coloured.
Integuments two, the exterior one sublucid; the inner one
membranaceous. Perisperm none. Embryo inverse, Coty-
ledons ovate, conform to the seed. Radicle superior.
It ought to be compared with Dr. Smith’s Rubus
‘pyrifolius. To me it appears to differ from his figure and
description, in the leaves being broader and .cordate at
the base ; in all the calycine segments being undivided,
and lastl y in the petals being only alittle, say one-fourth,
shorter than the calyx. ;
2. R. gowree phul. R. _ yh See
Shrubby, armed with recurved prickles and (ophital,
subpanicled. Peéals twice the length of the calyx. Rubous.
Asiat, Res. 6. p. 364,
A native of the Sewalik mountains, which bound
Hindoostan on the north.
-A large, bushy, perennial plant, with very long spread-
ing and recurved branches, and somewhat five-sided,
succulent ; branchlets armed with many sharp recurved
prickles, and a great quantity of tone harsh Data ag
reddish-brown hair.
' Leaves scattered, ternate. Leaflets vad. serrate, Hawn
and whitish underneath, from two to four inches long.
Petioles round, armed and hairy like the branches. Sti-
pules petiolary, subulate. Flowers axillary, and terminal,
forming small corymbiform panicles, pretty large and
white. Bractes subulate downy, Calyx downy, parti-
-Cularly on the outside. Petals cuneiform-obovate, twice
the length of the calyx, pure white, Stamens in meee
site eee Lhe Sore and of nearly ine meee’ sh
518 ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA. Rubus.
Introduced into the Botanic garden at Calcutta, by ‘
Col. Hardwicke, where plants grow most luxuriantly ; it
blossoms during during the dry months of February and
March, but the berries never ripen well, nor are they so
palatable as Col. H. found them in their native soil on
the Sewalik mountains.
3. R. moluccanus. Willd. 2. 1086.
Shrubby, prickly. Leaves simple, cordate-ovate, ser-
rate, downy underneath. Panicles terminal, with axilla-
ry umbellets. oH
Rubus Moluccanus latifolius. Rumph. Amb. 5. p. &
47. f. 2.
A native of the Malay Archipelago.
A. R. paniculatus. R.
Shrubby. and smooth. Prickles free. Leaves pinnate,
quinate, ribbed, smooth, acutely serrate.. . Panicles ter
minal, segments of the calyx subulate; petals round.
A native of the Moluccas. In the Botanic garden at
Calcutta, it blossoms and ripens its fruit, which is rather.
tasteless, during the rainy and cool seasons, indeed more
or less the whole year.
5. R, rosefolins. Smith. ic, ined, 3. 60. Willd. 2. 1080.
Shrubby, erect, prickly. Leaves generally quinate,
pinnate, green on both sides, doubly serrate, villous:
Flowers solitary. ae
A native of the Mauritius, In the Botanic garden at
Calcutta, where it has Jats been introduced, it bloga
bese the cold season. ice
6. R. hirtus. R,
Shrubby. Stem and petioles pickdvia and very hirsute
Leaves ternate ; 3 leaflets mar serrate, eilonats Pa
a”
Rubus. ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA,. 519
nicles terminal, composed of small umbels. Petals ob-
long, length of the calyx.
A native of the- mountains of the Peninsula of India.
It flowers during the cold season in the Botanic Garden
at Calcutta.
7. R. racemosus. R.
Shrabby. Stem and petioles prickly and villous. Leaves
pinnate ; leaflets from five to seven, serrate, villous, ovate,
lanceolate, the exterior ones often three-lobed, Racemes
terminal. Petals as long as the calyx.
A native of the mountains of Mysore. ©
8. R. roseflorus. R.
Shrubby, erect, smooth, armed, as well as the petioles,
with recurved prickles. Leaves pinnate; leaflets from
seven to nine, elliptic ; serratures large and very sharp,
hoary underneath. Comrybs terminal, hoary, sessile,
shorter than the calyx. :
Found by Captain Hardwicke in the vicinity of Serina-
gur. See Asiat. Res, 6. p. 364.
9. R. albescens. R.
Shrubby, long, scandent, or creeping, apices vivipar-
ous ; armed with sharp, acute prickles, and clothed with
a white bloom, which becomes brown by age, Leaves pin-
nate; leaflets from five to seven, from cordate to ovate,
oblong-serrate, hoary underneath. Stipules lanceolate.
Flowers terminal. . Petals round, red, shorter than the
calyx. 69 ;
A native of the mountains of Malabar. In the Botanic
garden at Calcutta it blossoms and ripens its bramble
or freitt — the ane season,
10. Rs giacttiat
Shrubby, iided tiieapiing, ees ana as + well “i
\
520 ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA. Fragaria.
the petioles, with recurved prickles. Leaves ternate, and
quinate-pinnate ; leaflets from round. cordate to oblong,
doubly serrate, rugose. Stipules petiolary, lanceolate,
Flowers axillary, solitary. Calyx twice the length of the
spatulate, crenulate petals. Pits es
A native of Nepal. It flowers during the hot season
in the Botanic garden at Calcutta,
FRAGARIA. Schreb. gen. n. 865.
Calyx ten-cleft... Corol five-petalled. Receptacle. of
the seeds ovate, succulent, and coloured like a berry. ©
L., F. indica. R.. |
.» Roots tuberous... Leaves from ternate to quinate, Set-
rate, hairy. Peduncles. opposite to the leaves of the run-
ners, solitary, one-flowered... All the divisions ‘of the
calyx dentate-serrate, the inner five incurved over the
fruit. rb és0 vd bane
It is a native of the banks of the Bruhmapootra, to the
east and north-east of Bengal; the fruit is perfectly in-
sipid. It flowers during the cold season in the Botanic —
7?
garden at Calcutta,
2. F. malayana, R. ae sigias
Runners rooting at the joints. Leaves ternate; leaflets
obovate, cuneate, dentate-serrate, a little hairy- Peduncles
from the joints of the runners, simple, one-flowered- Ex-
terior divisions of the calyx cuneate, and deeply (three)
dentate’; inner lanceolate, entire and incurved over the
A native of the tops of the mountains of Palo Penang.
In the Botanic garden in Bengal it is in flower and frat
the whole year; and the last the berries were perfectly
‘insipid. HOCHS ehatity eiiteat 4 shagle «gl Giee i
*
Ternstroemia. POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA, | 521
COMARUM. Schreb. gen. n. 869. :
Calyx ten-cleft. Petals five, smaller than the calyx, |
Receptacle (of the seed) roundish, spongy, villous, per-
Manent, Seeds naked, smooth.
C. flavum. Buch.
Annual, with slender, short, dichotomous, villous
branches. Leaves pinnate, quinate and ternate, with obo-
"Yate, gashed, villous leaflets ; stipules lanceolate.
A native of Nepal. It flowers about the beginning of the
hot seasen in the Botanic garden at Calcutta. |
CLASS XIIL.
| POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
TERNSTROEMIA. Schreb. gen. n. 872.
Gen. Cuar. Calyx five-leaved. _Corol one-petalled,
With a staminiferous tube, and five-parted border. Anthers
turbinate, with biperforate apices. Germ from three to
five-celled ; cells many-seeded; attachment interior, Ber-
ries superior, from three to five-celled, many seeded. __
1. T. serrata. R.
_ Leaves alternate, lanceolate, serrate, acuminate. Pe-
dwicies in lateral fascicles, compound and decompound.
Berries five-celled. :
- Daloop the vernacular name in Silhet, where it is indi-
genous, and grows to the size of the apple, or pear tree.
tis used for: fuel only. Flowering time ape and May
the seed ripensin July and August.
Nnn aie eS
522. POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Ternstroemia.
Young shoots clothed with a little grey, meally pubes-
cence. » Leaves alternate, petioled, from lanceolate to ob-
long, serrate, acuminate, smooth, except the veins on
the under side ; from five to ten inches long, and from two
to three and a half broad. Petioles about an inch long,
channelled, meally. | Stipules none. Peduncles \ateral,
many together, drooping, divided in a triternate man-
ner, with one flower on each of the ultimate divisions.
Flowers small, rosy. Bractes small, opposite at the di-
visions. Calyx five-leaved, permanent. Leaflets unequal,
oval. Corol one-petalled. Tube gibbous, sub-campanu-
late. Border of five, nearly round cordate, spreading seg-
ments, which are imbricated in the bud, as in the contort.
Filaments above fifty, shorter than the tube of the corol,
and inserted in a double series into it near the base.
Anthers turbinate, two-lobed, having a circular opening
in each at the top, for the discharge of the pollen. Germ
superior, ovate, five-celled, with numerous ovula in each,
attached toas many vertical receptacles, which project into
their cells from the axis. Style short, five-grooved, five-
parted ; segments spreading and finally recurved. Stigmas
transversely oval. Berries rather dry, nearly round; the
size of a small pea, smooth, five-celled. Seeds a few 0
each cell, intermixed with a little pulp, oval, brown.
2. T. bilocula